青(qing)州市剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)廠(chang)有限公(gong)司(si)(青(qing)州剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao))始于明朝(chao)嘉靖年間。至清嘉慶年間時,青(qing)州城的(de)(de)北營街(jie)上出現(xian)了“家(jia)家(jia)支紅爐、戶(hu)戶(hu)鐵錘響”的(de)(de)生產剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)的(de)(de)繁榮景(jing)象。其(qi)中劉家(jia)生產的(de)(de)“大(da)三剪(jian)(jian)子”,以其(qi)信(xin)譽高而深受人民群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)喜愛(ai),在當(dang)地有“大(da)三剪(jian)(jian)子不用挑”的(de)(de)美傳。如今(jin),“青(qing)州”牌(pai)剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)已作為歷史悠久的(de)(de)產品而享譽海內外。
剪(jian)刀(dao)(dao)作為人(ren)們日(ri)常的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用具,在(zai)(zai)中國有(you)悠久的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)歷史(shi)。這從(cong)唐代詩人(ren)賀知章《詠柳》詩句“不知細葉誰裁出,二月春(chun)風(feng)似剪(jian)刀(dao)(dao)”中即可(ke)略知一二。民間源遠(yuan)流長(chang)的(de)(de)剪(jian)紙(zhi)藝術,也從(cong)側面證明(ming)剪(jian)刀(dao)(dao)在(zai)(zai)中國的(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)。漢(han)字“剪(jian)”的(de)(de)象形意思就是“刀(dao)(dao)前還有(you)一把刀(dao)(dao)”,古人(ren)將剪(jian)刀(dao)(dao)又稱(cheng)“龍刀(dao)(dao)”,可(ke)見其在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中的(de)(de)重(zhong)要性。中國現存早期的(de)(de)剪(jian)刀(dao)(dao)距今已(yi)有(you)2100多年了。
青州剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)的(de)制作工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝復(fu)雜。普(pu)普(pu)通通一把剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)的(de)制成就(jiu)要(yao)經(jing)過3個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)段(duan)、72道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。首先,從搭配(pei)材料(liao)到(dao)制成半成品(pin),需要(yao)23道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu),主要(yao)有配(pei)料(liao)、鍛(duan)(duan)雛形、熟鋼、鍛(duan)(duan)剪(jian)(jian)頭、彎葫(hu)蘆、鍛(duan)(duan)剪(jian)(jian)股、制作凹(ao)槽、端勁(jing)口等(deng)。從半成品(pin)到(dao)做(zuo)成剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao),要(yao)經(jing)過41道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu),主要(yao)有搶剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)、銼剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)、淬(cui)火、磨剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)、壓光(guang)、銼剪(jian)(jian)股、裝配(pei)等(deng)。僅做(zuo)一個小墊圈就(jiu)要(yao)8道工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu):裁條、沖(chong)眼、打毛(mao)刺、剪(jian)(jian)圓(yuan)、銼圓(yuan)、割花(hua),擺放、烤(kao)色(se)(se)。不(bu)經(jing)烤(kao)色(se)(se)割出來的(de)花(hua)是(shi)白色(se)(se)的(de),經(jing)過精心烘(hong)烤(kao)則(ze)變成紅(hong)、黃、藍、紫四色(se)(se),異(yi)常美觀(guan)。還有些(xie)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)既復(fu)雜又重要(yao),如(ru)端勁(jing)口、調(diao)勁(jing)口、淬(cui)火、細磨刃口、調(diao)整裝配(pei)等(deng),都(dou)是(shi)保(bao)持(chi)青州剪(jian)(jian)刀(dao)特點(dian)的(de)重要(yao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)。
現在(zai),青州剪(jian)刀不僅在(zai)國(guo)內銷(xiao)售,還銷(xiao)往美(mei)國(guo)、日本、韓國(guo)、馬(ma)來西(xi)亞等27個和地區。