英(ying)國(guo)當代詩人西格(ge)弗里·薩松(Siegfried Sassoon)曾寫過一行不朽(xiu)的警句:“In me t}Ie tiger sniffs the lose'’,勉強把它(ta)譯成中文,便是(shi):“我心里有猛虎在細嗅薔薇。”
我說(shuo)這行(xing)詩(shi)(shi)是象(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)詩(shi)(shi)派的代表(biao),因(yin)(yin)為(wei)它具體(ti)而又微妙(miao)地表(biao)現出(chu)許多哲學(xue)家所無法(fa)說(shuo)清(qing)楚(chu)的話(hua);它表(biao)現出(chu)人(ren)性里(li)兩(liang)種(zhong)相對的本(ben)質(zhi),但(dan)同(tong)時更(geng)表(biao)現出(chu)兩(liang)種(zhong)相對本(ben)質(zhi)的調和(he)(he)。假(jia)使他把原詩(shi)(shi)寫成(cheng)了(le)“我心里(li)有猛虎雄(xiong)踞在花(hua)旁”那就(jiu)會(hui)顯得呆笨、死板,徒然加(jia)強了(le)人(ren)性的內在矛盾。只有原詩(shi)(shi)才恰到(dao)好處,因(yin)(yin)為(wei)猛虎象(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)性的一方面(mian),薔薇象(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)性的另(ling)一面(mian),而“細嗅”剛剛象(xiang)征(zheng)(zheng)兩(liang)者的調和(he)(he)與統(tong)一。
原來人(ren)性(xing)(xing)含有兩面:其一(yi)是男(nan)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de),其一(yi)是女(nv)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de);其一(yi)如(ru)蒼鷹,如(ru)飛瀑(pu),如(ru)怒馬(ma),其一(yi)如(ru)夜鶯,如(ru)靜(jing)池,如(ru)馴羊。所(suo)謂(wei)雄(xiong)偉和(he)秀美,所(suo)謂(wei)外(wai)向與(yu)內向,所(suo)謂(wei)戲劇(ju)型的(de)(de)與(yu)圖畫型的(de)(de),所(suo)謂(wei)戴奧尼(ni)蘇斯藝術(shu)和(he)阿波羅藝術(shu),所(suo)謂(wei)“楊柳岸,曉(xiao)風殘(can)月(yue)”和(he)“大江東去”,一(yi)句(ju)話,所(suo)謂(wei)陽剛和(he)陰柔,都無非是這兩種氣(qi)質的(de)(de)注腳。兩者粗看(kan)若相(xiang)(xiang)反,實(shi)則乃相(xiang)(xiang)成。實(shi)際上每個人(ren)多(duo)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)少(shao)(shao)都兼有這兩種氣(qi)質,只(zhi)是比(bi)例不同而已。
東(dong)(dong)坡有幕士,嘗謂(wei)柳永(yong)詞(ci)只合十七(qi)八(ba)女(nv)郎,執紅(hong)牙板,歌“楊柳岸,曉風(feng)殘(can)月”;東(dong)(dong)坡詞(ci)須關(guan)西大漢,銅琵(pi)琶,鐵綽(chuo)板,唱“大江(jiang)東(dong)(dong)去”。東(dong)(dong)坡為(wei)之(zhi)“絕倒”。他顯然因(yin)此種陽剛(gang)與陰(yin)柔之(zhi)分而感到自豪(hao)。其(qi)實(shi)東(dong)(dong)坡之(zhi)詞(ci)何(he)嘗都是(shi)“大江(jiang)東(dong)(dong)去”?“笑漸(jian)不聞聲(sheng)漸(jian)消,多情卻被無情惱”“繡簾(lian)開,一(yi)點明(ming)月窺(kui)人”,這些詞(ci)句,恐怕也(ye)只合十七(qi)八(ba)女(nv)郎曼聲(sheng)低唱吧?而柳永(yong)的詞(ci)句“長(chang)安古道馬遲(chi)遲(chi),高柳亂(luan)蟬嘶(si)”,以及“渡萬壑千(qian)巖(yan),越溪深(shen)處。怒(nu)濤漸(jian)息(xi),樵風(feng)乍起(qi);更聞商(shang)旅相呼,片帆高舉”,又是(shi)何(he)等境界!就是(shi)“曉風(feng)殘(can)月”的上(shang)半(ban)闋(que)那一(yi)句“暮藹沉(chen)沉(chen)楚(chu)天(tian)闊”,誰能說它(ta)竟是(shi)陰(yin)柔?
但是(shi)平時(shi)為什么我們提起(qi)(qi)一個人(ren),就覺得他是(shi)陽剛(gang),而提起(qi)(qi)另一個人(ren),又覺得他是(shi)陰柔呢?這是(shi)個人(ren)心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)猛(meng)虎與薔(qiang)薇(wei)所(suo)成的(de)(de)(de)形勢不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)原(yuan)是(shi)虎穴:穴口的(de)(de)(de)幾朵薔(qiang)薇(wei)免不(bu)(bu)(bu)了(le)猛(meng)虎的(de)(de)(de)踐踏(ta)(ta);有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)原(yuan)是(shi)花(hua)園(yuan),園(yuan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)猛(meng)虎不(bu)(bu)(bu)免給那片香潮醉(zui)倒。所(suo)以前者的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)質近于陽剛(gang),而后(hou)者氣(qi)質近于陰柔。然而踏(ta)(ta)碎了(le)的(de)(de)(de)薔(qiang)薇(wei)尤(you)能盛開,醉(zui)倒了(le)的(de)(de)(de)猛(meng)虎有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)醒來。所(suo)以霸王(wang)有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)悲(bei)歌,弱女有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)殺賊;梅村、子山晚作悲(bei)涼,薩松在第一次(ci)世界大戰后(hou),出版(ban)了(le)低(di)調的(de)(de)(de)《心(xin)(xin)旅(lv)》。
“我心里(li)有猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)細嗅(xiu)薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。”人生(sheng)原(yuan)是戰(zhan)場,有猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)逆(ni)流里(li)立(li)定腳跟,在(zai)(zai)(zai)逆(ni)風里(li)把握方向,做(zuo)暴風雨中的(de)(de)(de)海燕,做(zuo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)改顏色(se)的(de)(de)(de)孤星(xing)。有猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu),才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)創造慷慨悲歌(ge)的(de)(de)(de)英雄事業,涵(han)蘊耿介拔俗(su)的(de)(de)(de)志士胸懷,才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)做(zuo)到(dao)孟郊所謂的(de)(de)(de)“鏡(jing)破(po)不(bu)(bu)(bu)改光(guang),蘭死不(bu)(bu)(bu)改香”!同(tong)時人生(sheng)又(you)是幽谷,有薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)燭隱顯幽,體貼(tie)入微(wei)(wei);有薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)看到(dao)蒼蠅搓腳,蜘蛛吐絲,才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)聽(ting)到(dao)暮(mu)色(se)潛動(dong),春(chun)草萌芽,才能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)做(zuo)到(dao)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)沙一(yi)(yi)(yi)世界(jie),一(yi)(yi)(yi)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天國”。在(zai)(zai)(zai)人性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)國度里(li),一(yi)(yi)(yi)只真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu)應(ying)該(gai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)欣(xin)賞(shang)薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),而(er)一(yi)(yi)(yi)朵真(zhen)正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)應(ying)該(gai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)充分(fen)(fen)地(di)(di)尊敬(jing)猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu);微(wei)(wei)薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu)變(bian)成了菲(fei)力斯坦(tan)(Philistine),微(wei)(wei)猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu),薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)變(bian)成了懦夫。韓(han)黎詩(shi)‘“受(shou)盡了命運那巨棒的(de)(de)(de)痛(tong)打,我的(de)(de)(de)頭在(zai)(zai)(zai)流血,但不(bu)(bu)(bu)曾垂下(xia)!”華(hua)茲華(hua)斯詩(shi):“最微(wei)(wei)小的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)朵對(dui)于我,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)激起非淚水(shui)所能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)表現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)思。,’完整的(de)(de)(de)人生(sheng)應(ying)該(gai)兼有這兩(liang)種至高的(de)(de)(de)境界(jie)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個人到(dao)了這種境界(jie),他能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)動(dong)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)靜,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)屈(qu)也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)伸,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)微(wei)(wei)笑也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)痛(tong)哭,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)像廿一(yi)(yi)(yi)世紀(ji)人一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)復雜,也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)像亞當夏娃一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)純真(zhen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)句話,他心里(li)已有猛(meng)(meng)(meng)虎(hu)(hu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)細嗅(xiu)薔(qiang)薇(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。