百(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)國(guo)家2A級旅游景點。百(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)連(lian)兩區,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北為(wei)(wei)門(men)頭溝(gou)區,由百(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自然保護區管理(li)和黃安(an)坨村所轄,位于北京門(men)頭溝(gou)西部(bu)黃塔鄉黃安(an)陀(tuo)村南,百(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)距(ju)京城120公(gong)(gong)里(li)。為(wei)(wei)常(chang)規的百(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)旅游線路;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂及陽坡面歸房山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區史家營鄉所屬,距(ju)北京市區110公(gong)(gong)里(li),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下的蓮花(hua)(hua)庵村大(da)力發展民俗旅游,已修成了直達山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂的公(gong)(gong)路。
主峰百花山海拔1991米,白草畔海拔2050米,為北京市第三高峰。百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)的風(feng)景(jing)(jing)資源可(ke)分為四大(da)(da)景(jing)(jing)區(qu),35個景(jing)(jing)點:百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)主(zhu)峰景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)草甸景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、望海樓景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)草畔景(jing)(jing)區(qu);有(you)“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)草甸”、“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)草山(shan)瀑(pu)布(bu)”、“萬年(nian)冰(bing)肌”、“古(gu)樹擎天”、“云頂日(ri)出”、“古(gu)石(shi)(shi)海”、“云海升騰”、“晚霞映翠”、“螞蟻(yi)山(shan)”、“送樹長廊”等著名景(jing)(jing)觀。這里風(feng)景(jing)(jing)獨(du)特(te)、氣(qi)候宜人,群(qun)山(shan)環(huan)抱(bao)、奇(qi)峰連(lian)綿、溪水(shui)(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan)云遮霧障、勁(jing)(jing)松森林,奇(qi)花(hua)(hua)異草,稀禽(qin)(qin)珍獸。這里群(qun)山(shan)環(huan)抱(bao),氣(qi)候宜人,奇(qi)峰連(lian)綿,溪水(shui)(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan),云遮霧障,勁(jing)(jing)松森林,奇(qi)花(hua)(hua)異草,稀禽(qin)(qin)珍獸。此處群(qun)峰挺拔,四季如春,繁花(hua)(hua)似錦(jin),其中百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)峰冠出群(qun)峰,惠(hui)來(lai)古(gu)八景(jing)(jing)謂之“百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)領袖”,上有(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)園及古(gu)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)巖遺址,傳說唐高僧(seng)大(da)(da)顛曾在此修(xiu)行。南側山(shan)腰有(you)莊(zhuang)嚴禪寺,建于清乾隆年(nian)間,近年(nian)修(xiu)葺(qi)一新,寺周(zhou)有(you)百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)靈泉、玉石(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)門(men)、飛爐顯圣、動搖石(shi)(shi)、試(shi)劍石(shi)(shi)等景(jing)(jing)點。流傳民(min)間的百(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)公(gong)主(zhu)的動人傳說,更為此山(shan)蒙上一層神奇(qi)色彩。
百花山集山勢峭拔和瀑布(bu)激(ji)流于(yu)一體(ti)。登高峰可(ke)以(yi)觀賞云海(hai)、日出(chu)以(yi)及群峰險峻;入峽谷可(ke)以(yi)觀賞大瀑布(bu)--百花山瀑布(bu)落(luo)差150米,水幅寬15米,飛奔而下,氣勢非凡,聲動(dong)山林(lin)。百花山動、植(zhi)物資源豐富,素有華北天然(ran)動植(zhi)物園(yuan)之稱,有四個植(zhi)被類型,十個森林群(qun)落。保護區還以“天然動(dong)(dong)物園”而聞名。野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物主要有狍子、野(ye)豬(zhu)、狐貍、刺(ci)猬、野(ye)山羊、狼、獾以及稀有動(dong)(dong)物紅蝮蛇等(deng)。還有多(duo)達三百(bai)余種的(de)鳥類,每當春秋兩季候鳥遷徙時,這里(li)就成為各種鳥類聚(ju)集的(de)地方。
百花山的(de)景觀特點是(shi)其保護完好的(de)原始風光,因此這里是(shi)自然探索的(de)絕(jue)佳(jia)去處。百花山環境獨特,風景優美,是(shi)一個很好的(de)旅游場所。年降(jiang)水量(liang)在720㎜以上(shang),年均(jun)氣溫6-7℃,七月份(fen)平均(jun)溫度22℃,負氧離(li)子(zi)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)5級(ji),是(shi)消夏(xia)避暑(shu)的(de)勝(sheng)地。
北京百花山自然保護區已(yi)知陸棲野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)脊椎動物(wu)20目(mu)47科(ke)169種(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong),獸類6目(mu)13科(ke)25種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類11目(mu)27科(ke)131種(zhong)(zhong),爬(pa)行類2目(mu)3科(ke)7種(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)棲類1目(mu)4科(ke)6種(zhong)(zhong)。另外,已(yi)查明的昆(kun)蟲種(zhong)(zhong)類10目(mu)73科(ke)1000余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家級(ji)重點保護的野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物(wu)有褐馬雞、金雕、金錢豹等14種(zhong)(zhong)。
北京百花山(shan)自然保(bao)護區(qu)的獸類(lei),以(yi)嚙(nie)齒目(mu)(mu)(mu)動(dong)物占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)優勢,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)整個(ge)(ge)獸類(lei)種數的40%;食肉目(mu)(mu)(mu)次(ci)(ci)之,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)24%;其次(ci)(ci)是食蟲目(mu)(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16%;翼手(shou)目(mu)(mu)(mu)和(he)偶蹄目(mu)(mu)(mu)都占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8%;兔(tu)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)最少,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4%。保(bao)護區(qu)的鳥類(lei)共11目(mu)(mu)(mu),雀形目(mu)(mu)(mu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)絕對優勢,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)整個(ge)(ge)鳥類(lei)的80%;隼形目(mu)(mu)(mu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.62%;鴷形目(mu)(mu)(mu)3.07%;雞形目(mu)(mu)(mu)、鵑形目(mu)(mu)(mu)、鴞(xiao)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.31%;鴿形目(mu)(mu)(mu)、雨燕目(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.54%;鸛(guan)形目(mu)(mu)(mu)、夜鷹目(mu)(mu)(mu)、佛法僧(seng)目(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.77%。兩棲(qi)爬行類(lei)中,無尾目(mu)(mu)(mu)6種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)整個(ge)(ge)兩棲(qi)爬行類(lei)的46.15%;蛇(she)目(mu)(mu)(mu)5種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)38.46%;蜥蜴目(mu)(mu)(mu)2種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)15.39%。
百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)自然保護區(qu)高等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物共計131科(ke),485屬,1100種(zhong)(zhong)(包括亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)、變種(zhong)(zhong)、變型等(deng))。其中,苔(tai)蘚植(zhi)(zhi)物17科(ke)、25屬、30種(zhong)(zhong),蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物13科(ke)、21屬、38種(zhong)(zhong),裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物4科(ke)、7屬、19種(zhong)(zhong),被子植(zhi)(zhi)物97科(ke)、432屬、1013種(zhong)(zhong),分別占北京市植(zhi)(zhi)物總(zong)科(ke)數的69%、總(zong)屬數的51%、總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數的49%。特有種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)花(hua)楸、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)柴胡(hu)、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)葡萄、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)毛苔(tai)草、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鵝(e)觀草等(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong);國家重點保護植(zhi)(zhi)物有紫椴和黃檗(bo)等(deng)2種(zhong)(zhong)。
1、蘋果園地(di)鐵站西邊乘(cheng)892路公交車到達百花山(shan)(黃塔張家鋪方向)。每天早9:00和下午(wu)4:30共兩趟(tang)。
2、房(fang)山(shan)長途汽車(che)站可乘房(fang)20路(lu),房(fang)25路(lu)到龍門臺村,車(che)程(cheng)2小時。車(che)次不多,末班15:45。
1、京石高速(su)路至房山出(chu)口——坨里(li)——108國道——賈峪(yu)口路口右轉彎去史家營方向即到。
2、走109國道是從門頭溝方向進(jin)入景區,到達的地(di)點就是張(zhang)家(jia)鋪。
3、走(zou)108國道至賈峪口(kou)(kou)不右(you)轉,一(yi)直到龍(long)門(men)臺(tai)(tai)村,再往北到四馬臺(tai)(tai)村,沿著路一(yi)直開就能到四馬臺(tai)(tai)村的景(jing)區入口(kou)(kou)。這邊叫白草(cao)畔,也叫房山世界(jie)地質公(gong)園,到景(jing)區門(men)口(kou)(kou)后(hou)坐景(jing)區觀光,走(zou)15公(gong)里左右(you)到達山頂的五(wu)指峰(feng),然后(hou)有(you)通(tong)往大草(cao)甸(dian)的木棧道,走(zou)1小時左右(you)到大草(cao)甸(dian),是能上到草(cao)甸(dian)最輕(qing)松的方式。
北京(jing)百花山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區地處北京(jing)西部,位于北京(jing)市(shi)門頭溝區清水(shui)鎮境內(nei),地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)東經(jing)115°25′—115°42′,北緯(wei)39°48′—40°05′,占地總面積為(wei)21743.1公頃。
北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)百(bai)花山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)主要(yao)受大地(di)構造(zao)(zao)(zao)控(kong)制,中北(bei)(bei)(bei)部及西南(nan)部屬(shu)于北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)北(bei)(bei)(bei)山(shan)(shan)隆起構造(zao)(zao)(zao)區(qu)(qu)(qu),地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類型為山(shan)(shan)地(di)侵蝕構造(zao)(zao)(zao)地(di)貌(mao)(mao),約(yue)占北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)百(bai)花山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)積的(de)90%,地(di)勢陡峻,河流下切深。東南(nan)部屬(shu)于北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)西山(shan)(shan)凹陷(xian)構造(zao)(zao)(zao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)西山(shan)(shan)褶皺隆起區(qu)(qu)(qu),地(di)貌(mao)(mao)類型為侵蝕構造(zao)(zao)(zao)地(di)貌(mao)(mao)或堆積地(di)貌(mao)(mao),僅占北(bei)(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)百(bai)花山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面(mian)積的(de)10%左(zuo)右,地(di)勢較平緩(huan),并發育(yu)寬淺河谷。
北京百(bai)花山國家級自然保護區地處亞高山地帶(dai),屬于中緯(wei)度溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大陸(lu)性(xing)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣候區,垂直變化明顯,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)差大,氣溫(wen)(wen)偏(pian)低,降水量較多,四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)明,冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷多風且干(gan)燥,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)熱多雨(yu)(yu),春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干(gan)旱,風沙盛行,秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)晴朗少風,寒暖適中,但雨(yu)(yu)量偏(pian)少。?
北京百花山國家級自然保護區在地質構造上位于華北陸臺中部的燕山沉降帶,其中北部屬于北京北山隆起構造區的青白穹窿區,南部屬于北京西山凹陷構造區的西山褶皺隆起區。北京(jing)百花山國家級自然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)的(de)地層主(zhu)要有元(yuan)古界(jie)(jie)震旦系、古生(sheng)界(jie)(jie)寒武(wu)系、奧陶(tao)系、石炭系,以(yi)及中(zhong)生(sheng)界(jie)(jie)侏羅系和(he)新生(sheng)界(jie)(jie)第四(si)系等(deng),巖(yan)(yan)石種(zhong)類比較齊全,包括多種(zhong)沉積巖(yan)(yan)、變質(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)和(he)火(huo)成(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)。
北京百花山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)在中(zhong)國(guo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤區(qu)劃中(zhong)屬(shu)于褐(he)色土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)帶,共有4個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類,9個(ge)亞類,分(fen)比(bi)為(wei)(1)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu):亞高山(shan)(shan)(shan)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。(2)棕壤:山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)棕壤;山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)生草(cao)(cao)棕壤;山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)粗骨棕壤。(3)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu):淋溶褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu);普通(tong)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu);粗骨褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu);碳酸鹽褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。(4)耕作土(tu)(tu)(tu):耕作土(tu)(tu)(tu)。
1985年,北京市(shi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)批建成立了“北京百(bai)花(hua)山(shan)自(zi)然保護區(qu)”,歸北京市(shi)門頭溝(gou)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)領導,為省(sheng)市(shi)級自(zi)然保護區(qu)。
2008年1月,國(guo)務院批準百(bai)花山保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)晉升(sheng)為國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)。
2015年,北京(jing)百(bai)花山國家級自然保護區與美國謝(xie)南多厄國家公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)簽署姊妹園(yuan)(yuan)區合作協(xie)議。