《花(hua)田(tian)錯》是(shi)京劇(ju),故(gu)事緣于《水(shui)滸(hu)傳》,花(hua)田(tian)本意(yi)種花(hua)的農(nong)田(tian),花(hua)田(tian)錯是(shi)發生在(zai)種花(hua)小(xiao)鎮,花(hua)田(tian)祭上(shang)的一系(xi)列陰差(cha)陽(yang)錯的故(gu)事。
花田錯(cuo)在原(yuan)先(xian)的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)(yan)法(fa)中故事并不完整(zheng),只(zhi)到周通搶親(qin)(qin)為止;1912年(nian),荀(xun)派(pai)代表(biao)(biao)人(ren)物荀(xun)慧(hui)生先(xian)生改(gai)編創作加上后半部并搬上京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)舞臺。荀(xun)慧(hui)生:幼年(nian)學梆子(zi)時的(de)開(kai)蒙戲,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為《辛安驛》,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為《花田錯(cuo)》。這(zhe)兩個戲均(jun)經荀(xun)慧(hui)生的(de)太(tai)老(lao)師侯俊山先(xian)生(老(lao)十(shi)三旦)親(qin)(qin)自指點(dian)。《花田錯(cuo)》的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)(yan)法(fa)自花田訪婿起至周通搶親(qin)(qin)止,故事是(shi)不完整(zheng)的(de)。荀(xun)慧(hui)生改(gai)演(yan)(yan)京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)后,依據(ju)《水滸(hu)(hu)》中“小(xiao)(xiao)霸王(wang)醉臥銷金帳(zhang),莽提轄大鬧桃(tao)花村”一(yi)(yi)(yi)回(hui)增益首(shou)尾,將它搬上京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)舞臺。1919年(nian)與楊小(xiao)(xiao)樓(lou)、譚小(xiao)(xiao)培、尚小(xiao)(xiao)云三位先(xian)生由(you)京到滬(上海觀(guan)眾稱為“三小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)白”,因當時荀(xun)慧(hui)生仍用(yong)“白牡丹”藝(yi)名),在老(lao)天蟾(chan)舞臺演(yan)(yan)出(chu),荀(xun)慧(hui)生即以(yi)(yi)此戲打炮(pao),自飾春(chun)蘭,演(yan)(yan)卞璣者為李桂(gui)芳(fang)。演(yan)(yan)出(chu)后,甚受(shou)觀(guan)眾歡迎,此后數(shu)十(shi)年(nian)屢演(yan)(yan)不衰,被(bei)稱為荀(xun)派(pai)代表(biao)(biao)作之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。本片根(gen)據(ju)同名京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)改(gai)編,源(yuan)出(chu)「水滸(hu)(hu)傳(chuan)」,胡金銓編劇(ju)(ju)(ju)。值得(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)提的(de)是(shi),擅演(yan)(yan)悲劇(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)樂蒂(di)首(shou)次以(yi)(yi)俏皮方(fang)式演(yan)(yan)出(chu)丫頭一(yi)(yi)(yi)角。故事始于才子(zi)(喬莊(zhuang))落拓花田,賣畫(hua)維(wei)生,與官家小(xiao)(xiao)姐(丁寧)一(yi)(yi)(yi)見鍾情,卻因惡霸(朱牧(mu))介入而(er)波折重(zhong)重(zhong),鬧出(chu)連篇笑話……。
春蘭(lan):花旦||卞璣:小生(sheng)||劉(liu)玉(yu)燕:旦||劉(liu)德明:老生(sheng)||安人:老旦||李忠:老生(sheng)||周玉(yu)樓:旦||周通:凈(jing)||朱仝:老生(sheng)||雷(lei)橫:凈(jing)||魯達(da):凈(jing)||店(dian)東:丑
《花田錯》的(de)(de)最初改編(bian)本,其中(zhong)卞璣先與劉玉燕(yan)訂(ding)親,周(zhou)通誤將(jiang)其搶至家中(zhong)后,又(you)與周(zhou)妹玉樓私訂(ding)終(zhong)(zhong)身(shen),而丫(ya)鬟春蘭也(ye)暗有向往之意,故戲(xi)終(zhong)(zhong)時出現了一(yi)夫多妻的(de)(de)場(chang)面。解放(fang)后,荀(xun)慧生以(yi)為這樣結局(ju),殊不可(ke)取,遂在演出時作(zuo)了改動(dong)。至1959年(nian)又(you)重新審訂(ding)加工(gong),刪除其中(zhong)不妥的(de)(de)細節,并把(ba)結尾大(da)團(tuan)圓(yuan)收場(chang),更作(zuo)喜劇夸張,給春蘭增加一(yi)段輕松愉快的(de)(de)唱工(gong),并配合活躍、流動(dong)的(de)(de)舞蹈身(shen)段,從而越加烘托出喜劇的(de)(de)歡(huan)樂氣氛。
(解放后改編版)
宋(song)時(shi),桃(tao)花村富戶劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),有(you)女(nv)(nv)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan),及(ji)笄未嫁。時(shi)值(zhi)花田(tian)盛(sheng)會,劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)命丫鬟春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)陪同(tong)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)前(qian)往(wang)游賞,暗中訪求佳(jia)婿。襄陽舉(ju)人(ren)(ren)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji),上京(jing)趕考,途中因資斧(fu)拮據,乃(nai)于花田(tian)會上設(she)攤(tan)賣畫。春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)見(jian)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)才貌不凡,回家稟知(zhi)劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)因命家人(ren)(ren)往(wang)請,不想誤(wu)(wu)將(jiang)小(xiao)霸(ba)王周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)請來(lai)(lai)。周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)限令三日(ri)之內(nei),須將(jiang)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)送與(yu)成親(qin)(qin)。春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)設(she)計,使卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)男扮女(nv)(nv)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)相(xiang)(xiang)會。兩人(ren)(ren)正在(zai)定情之際(ji),周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)突來(lai)(lai)搶親(qin)(qin),竟(jing)誤(wu)(wu)將(jiang)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)搶去。旋周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)因劫奪(duo)生辰綱之事涉嫌,被(bei)(bei)傳至(zhi)公堂;周(zhou)(zhou)妹玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)發覺卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)喬(qiao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),詢明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)真相(xiang)(xiang)以后(hou),遂將(jiang)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)釋放,并(bing)贈銀以為赴考資斧(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)因女(nv)(nv)被(bei)(bei)搶,赴衙(ya)告狀,隨同(tong)都頭雷橫(heng)去周(zhou)(zhou)寓,但又將(jiang)周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)搶回。此時(shi),春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)誤(wu)(wu)以搶回者為卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji),乃(nai)向劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)次被(bei)(bei)搶者實為卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji),竟(jing)令周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)改換男裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)成親(qin)(qin)。花燭(zhu)之夜,周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)訴述事實原委,春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)恐日(ri)后(hou)周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)復來(lai)(lai)糾(jiu)纏,仍留周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)住在(zai)莊(zhuang)中,以應(ying)付其兄。周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)被(bei)(bei)釋以后(hou),果然通(tong)知(zhi)劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),當晚(wan)進莊(zhuang)成親(qin)(qin)。劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)正彷(pang)徨無計,適魯(lu)達前(qian)來(lai)(lai)投宿,聞(wen)知(zhi)大(da)怒,假(jia)扮新娘,隱(yin)于帳內(nei),迨晚(wan),周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)至(zhi),被(bei)(bei)魯(lu)達痛打,逃跑。魯(lu)達追至(zhi)途中,巧遇(yu)打虎將(jiang)李(li)忠(zhong),從中勸解,并(bing)令周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)回莊(zhuang)向劉(liu)(liu)德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)請罪。時(shi)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)已中狀元,也至(zhi)桃(tao)花村。眾人(ren)(ren)相(xiang)(xiang)見(jian),真相(xiang)(xiang)大(da)白。最后(hou),卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)劉(liu)(liu)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)完姻(yin),周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)(lou)則在(zai)春(chun)蘭(lan)(lan)撮合下,與(yu)李(li)忠(zhong)成為夫婦(fu)。
Ps:關于桃花村的地理位(wei)置:
原始本中并未提及,而在解放后的改編(bian)(bian)本中出現(xian)了地點雁門(men)關紫陽(yang)鎮桃花村,不合邏輯(湖(hu)北(bei)(bei)襄陽(yang)的舉子去(qu)河南開封考試路過山西雁門(men)關……),多半當時改編(bian)(bian)者想當然(ran)的將京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)當成了北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing);其(qi)時北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)屬遼地,雁門(men)關是真正的邊境。
《花田錯》的意思
1.《花田錯》是(shi)京劇,故(gu)事(shi)緣于《水滸傳》。
2.花田(tian)=種花的農田(tian),花田(tian)錯=發生在種花小鎮,花田(tian)祭(ji)上的錯誤故(gu)事。
花田盛(sheng)會,熱鬧滾滾;古靈精(jing)怪的丫頭春蘭,陪(pei)著(zhu)(zhu)劉家小(xiao)姐(jie)月(yue)英(ying)上街,打算依照本地習(xi)俗,讓小(xiao)姐(jie)在街上挑選乘龍快婿。月(yue)英(ying)小(xiao)姐(jie)看中了在路旁賣字畫的白面書(shu)生卞機,主仆(pu)二人決議返家向母親稟明一切,眼看著(zhu)(zhu)一切將要如(ru)此幸福美滿,誰料(liao)到糊涂(tu)管家上街請婿,陰(yin)錯陽差竟然錯請到了小(xiao)霸王周通(tong)……