《花田錯(cuo)》是京劇,故事(shi)(shi)緣于《水(shui)滸傳》,花田本(ben)意種花的農田,花田錯(cuo)是發生(sheng)在種花小鎮,花田祭(ji)上的一系列陰差陽錯(cuo)的故事(shi)(shi)。
花田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)在原先(xian)的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)法中故事(shi)并不(bu)完(wan)整,只到(dao)周(zhou)通搶親為(wei)(wei)止(zhi);1912年,荀派代表(biao)人(ren)物荀慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改編(bian)創作加上(shang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)半部并搬上(shang)京(jing)劇(ju)舞臺。荀慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):幼年學(xue)梆子(zi)時的(de)開蒙戲,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)《辛(xin)安驛》,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)《花田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)》。這兩個戲均(jun)經荀慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)太老(lao)師侯俊山先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(老(lao)十三(san)旦)親自指點。《花田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)》的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)演(yan)法自花田(tian)(tian)訪婿起至周(zhou)通搶親止(zhi),故事(shi)是不(bu)完(wan)整的(de)。荀慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)改演(yan)京(jing)劇(ju)后(hou)(hou)(hou),依據《水滸》中“小(xiao)(xiao)霸王(wang)醉臥銷金帳,莽(mang)提(ti)轄大鬧桃花村(cun)”一(yi)(yi)(yi)回(hui)增益(yi)首尾(wei),將(jiang)它搬上(shang)京(jing)劇(ju)舞臺。1919年與(yu)楊小(xiao)(xiao)樓、譚小(xiao)(xiao)培、尚小(xiao)(xiao)云三(san)位先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)由京(jing)到(dao)滬(上(shang)海(hai)觀眾(zhong)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“三(san)小(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)白”,因當時荀慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仍用“白牡丹”藝(yi)名),在老(lao)天蟾(chan)舞臺演(yan)出(chu),荀慧(hui)(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)即以(yi)此戲打(da)炮(pao),自飾春(chun)蘭,演(yan)卞璣者為(wei)(wei)李(li)桂芳。演(yan)出(chu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),甚受(shou)觀眾(zhong)歡迎,此后(hou)(hou)(hou)數十年屢演(yan)不(bu)衰,被稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)荀派代表(biao)作之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。本(ben)片根據同名京(jing)劇(ju)改編(bian),源(yuan)出(chu)「水滸傳(chuan)」,胡金銓編(bian)劇(ju)。值得一(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)的(de)是,擅(shan)演(yan)悲劇(ju)的(de)樂蒂首次以(yi)俏皮方式演(yan)出(chu)丫頭一(yi)(yi)(yi)角。故事(shi)始于(yu)才子(zi)(喬莊)落拓花田(tian)(tian),賣畫維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),與(yu)官家小(xiao)(xiao)姐(丁寧)一(yi)(yi)(yi)見鍾情,卻因惡霸(朱牧)介入而波折重重,鬧出(chu)連篇笑話……。
春蘭(lan):花旦(dan)(dan)(dan)||卞璣:小生||劉玉燕:旦(dan)(dan)(dan)||劉德明:老生||安(an)人(ren):老旦(dan)(dan)(dan)||李忠:老生||周玉樓(lou):旦(dan)(dan)(dan)||周通:凈||朱仝:老生||雷橫:凈||魯達:凈||店(dian)東(dong):丑(chou)
《花田錯》的(de)最初改編本(ben),其(qi)中(zhong)卞璣先與(yu)劉玉(yu)燕(yan)訂(ding)(ding)親,周通誤將(jiang)其(qi)搶至(zhi)家中(zhong)后,又與(yu)周妹(mei)玉(yu)樓(lou)私訂(ding)(ding)終身,而丫鬟春蘭(lan)也暗(an)有向往之意,故(gu)戲終時出(chu)現(xian)了一(yi)夫多妻的(de)場面。解放后,荀慧生以為(wei)這樣結局,殊不可取,遂在演出(chu)時作了改動(dong)。至(zhi)1959年又重(zhong)新審訂(ding)(ding)加(jia)工(gong)(gong),刪除其(qi)中(zhong)不妥的(de)細節(jie),并把結尾大(da)團圓收場,更(geng)作喜(xi)劇夸(kua)張,給春蘭(lan)增加(jia)一(yi)段輕松愉快的(de)唱(chang)工(gong)(gong),并配(pei)合活躍、流動(dong)的(de)舞(wu)蹈身段,從而越(yue)加(jia)烘托出(chu)喜(xi)劇的(de)歡樂氣氛。
(解放后改編版)
宋時(shi),桃花(hua)(hua)村富戶劉德明(ming)(ming),有女(nv)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan),及笄(ji)未嫁。時(shi)值花(hua)(hua)田盛會(hui),劉德明(ming)(ming)命丫鬟春蘭(lan)(lan)陪同劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)前往(wang)游賞,暗中(zhong)訪(fang)求(qiu)佳婿。襄陽舉人卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji),上京趕考,途中(zhong)因(yin)資斧拮據,乃(nai)于花(hua)(hua)田會(hui)上設(she)攤賣畫。春蘭(lan)(lan)見卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)才(cai)貌不凡,回(hui)(hui)(hui)家稟(bing)知(zhi)劉德明(ming)(ming),劉德明(ming)(ming)因(yin)命家人往(wang)請(qing),不想誤(wu)將小霸王周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)請(qing)來。周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)限(xian)令(ling)三日(ri)之內(nei),須將劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)送與(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)親(qin)。春蘭(lan)(lan)設(she)計,使卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)男(nan)(nan)扮女(nv)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)相會(hui)。兩人正在(zai)定情之際(ji),周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)突(tu)來搶(qiang)親(qin),竟誤(wu)將卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)搶(qiang)去。旋周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)因(yin)劫(jie)奪生辰綱之事(shi)涉嫌(xian),被(bei)(bei)傳至(zhi)公(gong)堂;周(zhou)(zhou)妹玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)發覺卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)喬裝(zhuang)(zhuang),詢明(ming)(ming)真相以(yi)后,遂將卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)釋放,并贈銀(yin)以(yi)為赴考資斧。劉德明(ming)(ming)因(yin)女(nv)被(bei)(bei)搶(qiang),赴衙(ya)告狀,隨(sui)同都頭雷橫去周(zhou)(zhou)寓(yu),但又將周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)搶(qiang)回(hui)(hui)(hui)。此時(shi),春蘭(lan)(lan)誤(wu)以(yi)搶(qiang)回(hui)(hui)(hui)者(zhe)為卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji),乃(nai)向(xiang)劉德明(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)前次被(bei)(bei)搶(qiang)者(zhe)實(shi)為卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji),竟令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)改換(huan)男(nan)(nan)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)親(qin)。花(hua)(hua)燭之夜,周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)訴述事(shi)實(shi)原委,春蘭(lan)(lan)恐日(ri)后周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)復來糾纏,仍(reng)留周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)住在(zai)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)中(zhong),以(yi)應付(fu)其兄(xiong)。周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)被(bei)(bei)釋以(yi)后,果然通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)劉德明(ming)(ming),當晚進莊(zhuang)(zhuang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)親(qin)。劉德明(ming)(ming)正彷(pang)徨無計,適(shi)魯達(da)(da)前來投(tou)宿,聞知(zhi)大怒,假扮新娘,隱于帳內(nei),迨晚,周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)至(zhi),被(bei)(bei)魯達(da)(da)痛打,逃(tao)跑。魯達(da)(da)追(zhui)至(zhi)途中(zhong),巧遇打虎將李忠,從中(zhong)勸解,并令(ling)周(zhou)(zhou)通(tong)(tong)回(hui)(hui)(hui)莊(zhuang)(zhuang)向(xiang)劉德明(ming)(ming)請(qing)罪。時(shi)卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)已中(zhong)狀元,也至(zhi)桃花(hua)(hua)村。眾人相見,真相大白。最(zui)后,卞(bian)(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)與(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)燕(yan)完(wan)姻,周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樓(lou)則在(zai)春蘭(lan)(lan)撮合下,與(yu)李忠成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為夫(fu)婦。
Ps:關于桃花村的(de)地理位置:
原始本中并(bing)未提及,而在解放(fang)后的(de)(de)改編本中出現了地點(dian)雁(yan)門(men)關(guan)(guan)紫陽(yang)鎮(zhen)桃花村(cun),不合邏輯(湖(hu)北襄陽(yang)的(de)(de)舉子去河南開(kai)封(feng)考試路(lu)過山西雁(yan)門(men)關(guan)(guan)……),多半當時(shi)改編者想當然的(de)(de)將(jiang)京(jing)城當成了北京(jing);其時(shi)北京(jing)屬(shu)遼地,雁(yan)門(men)關(guan)(guan)是真正的(de)(de)邊(bian)境。
《花田錯》的意思
1.《花田錯》是京劇,故事緣于《水(shui)滸傳》。
2.花(hua)(hua)田(tian)=種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)的農田(tian),花(hua)(hua)田(tian)錯=發生在種(zhong)花(hua)(hua)小鎮(zhen),花(hua)(hua)田(tian)祭上的錯誤故(gu)事(shi)。
花(hua)田(tian)盛會,熱鬧滾滾;古靈精怪的丫頭春蘭(lan),陪著劉家小姐(jie)月英上街,打算依照(zhao)本地(di)習俗,讓小姐(jie)在街上挑選乘龍快婿。月英小姐(jie)看(kan)中了(le)在路旁賣字畫的白面書生卞機(ji),主仆二(er)人決議返(fan)家向母親稟明一(yi)切,眼(yan)看(kan)著一(yi)切將要如此幸福美(mei)滿,誰料(liao)到(dao)糊涂管家上街請(qing)婿,陰(yin)錯(cuo)陽差(cha)竟然錯(cuo)請(qing)到(dao)了(le)小霸王(wang)周通……