公園簡介
廈(sha)(sha)門(men)蓮花(hua)國家森林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)前身是(shi)“福建省廈(sha)(sha)門(men)小坪(ping)(ping)(ping)森林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)”(暨“廈(sha)(sha)門(men)市(shi)同安(an)區小坪(ping)(ping)(ping)林(lin)(lin)業試驗(yan)場(chang)”),其地處廈(sha)(sha)門(men)北部,核(he)心(xin)區距(ju)同安(an)城25公(gong)(gong)里(li),206省道擦邊而過,721鄉道貫穿其中(zhong),位置優(you)越,交通便捷。園(yuan)區冬暖夏(xia)涼(liang),四季如(ru)春(chun),空(kong)氣清新,涼(liang)爽宜人,夏(xia)季氣溫比廈(sha)(sha)門(men)市(shi)區低3-5℃,乃休閑度假避暑勝地。這里(li)峰巒秀麗,林(lin)(lin)海(hai)茫茫,村舍寥落,山(shan)水(shui)如(ru)畫。由波浪起伏的(de)(de)火力楠林(lin)(lin)、整齊有序的(de)(de)建柏林(lin)(lin)、婀娜多姿的(de)(de)毛竹林(lin)(lin)、雄(xiong)偉壯觀的(de)(de)馬尾(wei)松林(lin)(lin)匯(hui)成綠色海(hai)洋,鱗光閃爍的(de)(de)小坪(ping)(ping)(ping)水(shui)庫構成高山(shan)湖景,流(liu)水(shui)潺潺的(de)(de)花(hua)橋山(shan)澗形成溪流(liu)山(shan)泉,青山(shan)碧水(shui)渾然一體,湖光山(shan)色綺麗多彩。海(hai)拔高126.2米至1038.5米,公(gong)(gong)路蜿蜒起伏在(zai)崇山(shan)峻(jun)嶺中(zhong),常為云(yun)霧(wu)籠罩,彌漫四合,變化萬千,一派超脫凡俗的(de)(de)神秘色彩。
2000年9月(yue),經福建(jian)省林業廳(ting)批準備建(jian)立省級(ji)森(sen)林公(gong)園,面積2.5萬畝,規劃為(wei)(wei)(wei)生態科(ke)教(jiao)園區(qu)(qu)、休閑游樂區(qu)(qu)、茶文(wen)化區(qu)(qu)、紀(ji)念林區(qu)(qu)、水上活(huo)(huo)動區(qu)(qu)、高(gao)山度(du)假(jia)區(qu)(qu)。是(shi)以(yi)保護森(sen)林生態環(huan)境、帶動地(di)方經濟為(wei)(wei)(wei)宗旨,以(yi)實現資源的(de)可持續利(li)用為(wei)(wei)(wei)原則(ze),以(yi)自然山水、森(sen)林景觀、風土民情(qing)(qing)、科(ke)研成(cheng)果、科(ke)技(ji)人員(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基礎,以(yi)人工林景觀、茶山文(wen)化、高(gao)山湖景、天然峽谷為(wei)(wei)(wei)特(te)色,以(yi)現代人文(wen)景觀為(wei)(wei)(wei)襯(chen)托,以(yi)開展森(sen)林旅(lv)(lv)游為(wei)(wei)(wei)主導(dao),集(ji)避暑納涼(liang)、度(du)假(jia)療養、科(ke)普教(jiao)育、民俗(su)風情(qing)(qing)、體(ti)驗(yan)活(huo)(huo)動和戶外運動等旅(lv)(lv)游產品(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一體(ti)的(de)近郊型多功能(neng)生態旅(lv)(lv)游目的(de)地(di)。
2003年12月,經國家(jia)林業局(ju)批準,擴大范(fan)圍,增(zeng)加蓮花山、金光湖、文(wen)山和銅缽(bo)巖景區,升(sheng)格(ge)并更名為蓮花國家(jia)森林公(gong)園(yuan),是廈門市惟一的(de)國家(jia)級森林公(gong)園(yuan)。
地理環境
蓮花國家森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園總面積39.24平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。具有南(nan)亞熱帶雨林生態特征(zheng),景(jing)區(qu)景(jing)觀錯(cuo)落有致。廈(sha)(sha)門(men)蓮花國家森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園位(wei)于廈(sha)(sha)門(men)市同安蓮花鎮(zhen),距同安城區(qu)23公(gong)(gong)里,廈(sha)(sha)門(men)市區(qu)60公(gong)(gong)里。
地理環境
地形地貌
廈門蓮(lian)花國家森林公(gong)園地勢西(xi)北(bei)高,東南低。以西(xi)溪溺谷為中心,中
低山(shan)蜿蜒于邊(bian)境地帶(dai),向內(nei)(nei)陸作階梯狀分布,構成(cheng)明顯的(de)向東南大開口的(de)馬蹄狀地形(xing)。北部(bu)屬(shu)戴云山(shan)南翼延(yan)伸的(de)山(shan)地丘(qiu)(qiu)陵,由(you)晚侏(zhu)羅世火山(shan)巖構成(cheng)陡(dou)峻的(de)山(shan)體,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高度為700~1000米(mi),往(wang)東南過度為丘(qiu)(qiu)陵和(he)濱(bin)海(hai)臺地,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高度遞(di)降。境內(nei)(nei)山(shan)脈(mo)縱橫,丘(qiu)(qiu)陵起伏,河(he)流切割斷裂,地形(xing)破碎復(fu)雜,最(zui)高點為北部(bu)云頂山(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1175.2米(mi),最(zui)低點為東南部(bu)新店沿海(hai)一帶(dai)。主(zhu)要山(shan)脈(mo)走向以北西(xi)為主(zhu)。
氣候特點
廈門蓮花(hua)國家(jia)森(sen)林公園屬南亞熱(re)帶海洋性(xing)季風氣(qi)候,全年濕潤多雨,熱(re)量(liang)充足,春暖晴雨多變,夏(xia)長而無酷暑,秋(qiu)涼氣(qi)爽宜(yi)人,冬短而無嚴寒。年均(jun)氣(qi)溫17~21℃,年最高氣(qi)溫38℃,年最低氣(qi)溫-1℃。
資源情況
資源特點
廈(sha)門蓮(lian)花山(shan)國家(jia)森林(lin)公園是一幅山(shan)水交融、氣勢磅礴的(de)(de)綠色畫卷,是火山(shan)巖(yan)地層亞熱帶森林(lin)保(bao)留較為完整而形(xing)成的(de)(de)巍峨山(shan)峰(feng)的(de)(de)典型代表(biao),成為東(dong)南(nan)沿海一顆璀璨的(de)(de)森林(lin)明(ming)珠。
資源分類
水資源
廈門(men)蓮花國家森林公園內的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系皆(jie)屬西溪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。大(da)深坑的(de)清溪、文(wen)山峽谷、鐘(zhong)石瀑布(bu)群、花橋溪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)等水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)量大(da),此外,境內還(huan)多處筑(zhu)壩建庫,小坪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、蓮花水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。
植物資源
廈門蓮花山國家森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)屬亞熱帶(dai)雨(yu)林(lin)(lin)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、閩南博(bo)平(ping)嶺(ling)東南溫熱帶(dai)雨(yu)林(lin)(lin)小(xiao)(xiao)區(qu)(qu)(qu),其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多,層次(ci)結構復雜,具有(you)(you)(you)由(you)南亞熱帶(dai)雨(yu)林(lin)(lin)向(xiang)中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)常(chang)綠闊葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)過渡(du)的(de)特點。植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)類(lei)型主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)綠闊葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)、針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)、針(zhen)闊混交林(lin)(lin)、灌叢(cong)草(cao)坡、竹林(lin)(lin)、經(jing)濟林(lin)(lin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。金光湖(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)有(you)(you)(you)維(wei)管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)146科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)479屬784種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)119科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)442屬733種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)6屬7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)23科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)31屬44種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)以(yi)木(mu)(mu)荷、青岡、米櫧(zhu)、刨花楠(nan)(nan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)為優勢樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是處于泛北極植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)向(xiang)古熱帶(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)系(xi)過渡(du)地(di)帶(dai)。蓮花山景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)維(wei)管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)131科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)521屬754種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)108科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)488屬710種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)20科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)28屬38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)以(yi)馬(ma)尾(wei)松(song)為主(zhu),局部有(you)(you)(you)闊葉(xie)混交林(lin)(lin)。小(xiao)(xiao)坪景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)以(yi)人工林(lin)(lin)為主(zhu),共(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)(you)珍(zhen)貴、速生的(de)用材或薪(xin)炭樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),收集有(you)(you)(you)鄉土樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)要(yao)喬木(mu)(mu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)濕(shi)地(di)松(song)、馬(ma)尾(wei)松(song)、火炬(ju)松(song)、建(jian)柏、相思樹(shu)(shu)、火力楠(nan)(nan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。景(jing)區(qu)(qu)(qu)內主(zhu)要(yao)經(jing)濟樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)龍(long)眼、柑(gan)桔、蜜柚等(deng)(deng)(deng);林(lin)(lin)下植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)桃金娘(niang)、小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)赤楠(nan)(nan)、木(mu)(mu)冬、芒(mang)萁骨、檵木(mu)(mu)、杜鵑(juan)、黃(huang)梔(zhi)子、黃(huang)瑞(rui)木(mu)(mu)、莢蒾(mi)、金櫻子、白(bai)花苦燈籠、野菊等(deng)(deng)(deng)。有(you)(you)(you)國家II級保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桫(suo)欏、閩楠(nan)(nan)、白(bai)桂木(mu)(mu);省(sheng)級保護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)翼(yi)核(he)果(guo)、福(fu)建(jian)青岡、絨毛小(xiao)(xiao)葉(xie)紅豆等(deng)(deng)(deng);還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)國家I級保護(hu)(hu)的(de)金線蓮、靈(ling)芝(zhi)草(cao)、風鼓草(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)中(zhong)草(cao)藥材。
動物資源
野(ye)生動物(wu)主要(yao)有蟒蛇、穿山(shan)甲、水獺、蘇門羚、勺雞、刺猬、果子貍、野(ye)豬、黃(huang)麂、鷓(zhe)鴣等。