公園簡介
廈(sha)門(men)蓮花(hua)國家森林(lin)(lin)公園的(de)前身(shen)是“福建(jian)(jian)省廈(sha)門(men)小坪(ping)(ping)森林(lin)(lin)公園”(暨“廈(sha)門(men)市(shi)同(tong)安區(qu)小坪(ping)(ping)林(lin)(lin)業試驗場”),其(qi)地處廈(sha)門(men)北部,核心(xin)區(qu)距同(tong)安城25公里,206省道擦(ca)邊而過(guo),721鄉道貫穿其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong),位置(zhi)優越,交(jiao)通便捷。園區(qu)冬暖夏(xia)涼(liang),四季如春,空氣清新,涼(liang)爽宜人,夏(xia)季氣溫比廈(sha)門(men)市(shi)區(qu)低3-5℃,乃休閑度假避(bi)暑勝地。這里峰巒秀麗(li),林(lin)(lin)海茫茫,村舍(she)寥落,山水如畫。由波浪起伏的(de)火力楠林(lin)(lin)、整齊有序的(de)建(jian)(jian)柏(bo)林(lin)(lin)、婀(e)娜(na)多(duo)姿的(de)毛竹林(lin)(lin)、雄偉壯觀的(de)馬尾(wei)松林(lin)(lin)匯成綠色(se)海洋,鱗光(guang)閃爍的(de)小坪(ping)(ping)水庫構成高山湖景,流(liu)水潺(chan)潺(chan)的(de)花(hua)橋山澗形(xing)成溪流(liu)山泉,青山碧水渾(hun)然(ran)一(yi)(yi)體,湖光(guang)山色(se)綺麗(li)多(duo)彩。海拔高126.2米至1038.5米,公路蜿蜒起伏在崇山峻嶺中(zhong)(zhong),常(chang)為(wei)云霧籠罩,彌漫(man)四合,變(bian)化萬(wan)千,一(yi)(yi)派超脫凡(fan)俗(su)的(de)神秘色(se)彩。
2000年9月,經福(fu)建(jian)省(sheng)林(lin)(lin)業廳批準備(bei)建(jian)立(li)省(sheng)級森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園,面(mian)積2.5萬畝,規劃為(wei)生態(tai)科(ke)教(jiao)園區、休閑游(you)樂區、茶文(wen)化區、紀念(nian)林(lin)(lin)區、水上活(huo)動區、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)度假區。是(shi)以保護森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)生態(tai)環境、帶動地(di)方(fang)經濟為(wei)宗旨(zhi),以實現資(zi)源的(de)可(ke)持續(xu)利(li)用(yong)為(wei)原則(ze),以自(zi)然(ran)山(shan)(shan)水、森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)景觀、風土民(min)情(qing)、科(ke)研成(cheng)果、科(ke)技(ji)人員為(wei)基礎,以人工林(lin)(lin)景觀、茶山(shan)(shan)文(wen)化、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)湖景、天然(ran)峽谷為(wei)特色,以現代人文(wen)景觀為(wei)襯托,以開展(zhan)森(sen)(sen)林(lin)(lin)旅(lv)游(you)為(wei)主導(dao),集(ji)避(bi)暑納涼、度假療養、科(ke)普教(jiao)育、民(min)俗(su)風情(qing)、體驗活(huo)動和戶外運動等(deng)旅(lv)游(you)產品(pin)為(wei)一體的(de)近郊型多功能生態(tai)旅(lv)游(you)目的(de)地(di)。
2003年12月,經國(guo)家(jia)(jia)林業局批準,擴(kuo)大(da)范圍(wei),增加蓮花山、金光湖、文山和銅缽(bo)巖(yan)景區,升格并更名為蓮花國(guo)家(jia)(jia)森(sen)林公園,是廈門市惟一的國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級森(sen)林公園。
地理環境
蓮(lian)花(hua)國家森林公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面積39.24平方公(gong)里。具(ju)有(you)南亞熱帶雨林生態特(te)征,景區(qu)景觀錯落有(you)致。廈門蓮(lian)花(hua)國家森林公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位(wei)于廈門市(shi)同安(an)蓮(lian)花(hua)鎮,距同安(an)城(cheng)區(qu)23公(gong)里,廈門市(shi)區(qu)60公(gong)里。
地理環境
地形地貌
廈門蓮花國家(jia)森林公園(yuan)地勢西北高,東南(nan)低。以西溪溺谷為中心,中
低山(shan)(shan)蜿蜒于邊境地帶,向(xiang)內陸作(zuo)階梯狀分布(bu),構(gou)成(cheng)明顯的(de)向(xiang)東南(nan)大開口的(de)馬蹄(ti)狀地形。北部屬戴云(yun)山(shan)(shan)南(nan)翼延(yan)伸的(de)山(shan)(shan)地丘陵,由晚侏羅世火山(shan)(shan)巖構(gou)成(cheng)陡峻的(de)山(shan)(shan)體(ti),海拔(ba)高度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)700~1000米(mi),往(wang)東南(nan)過度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)丘陵和(he)濱海臺(tai)地,海拔(ba)高度(du)遞降。境內山(shan)(shan)脈縱橫(heng),丘陵起(qi)伏,河流切割(ge)斷裂,地形破(po)碎復雜,最高點為(wei)(wei)(wei)北部云(yun)頂山(shan)(shan),海拔(ba)1175.2米(mi),最低點為(wei)(wei)(wei)東南(nan)部新(xin)店沿海一(yi)帶。主要山(shan)(shan)脈走向(xiang)以北西(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。
氣候特點
廈(sha)門蓮花國家森林公園屬南亞熱帶海洋性季風(feng)氣(qi)候,全年(nian)濕潤(run)多雨(yu),熱量充足,春暖晴雨(yu)多變,夏長而無(wu)酷暑(shu),秋涼氣(qi)爽宜人(ren),冬短而無(wu)嚴寒。年(nian)均氣(qi)溫(wen)17~21℃,年(nian)最(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)38℃,年(nian)最(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)-1℃。
資源情況
資源特點
廈門蓮花山(shan)國(guo)家森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公園是一幅山(shan)水交融、氣勢(shi)磅礴的(de)綠色畫(hua)卷,是火山(shan)巖地層亞熱帶森林(lin)(lin)(lin)保留較為(wei)完整而形成的(de)巍峨山(shan)峰的(de)典(dian)型代表,成為(wei)東南沿(yan)海一顆璀璨(can)的(de)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)明珠。
資源分類
水資源
廈門蓮(lian)花國(guo)家(jia)森林公園內的水(shui)系皆屬西(xi)溪(xi)水(shui)系。大(da)深坑的清溪(xi)、文山(shan)峽谷、鐘石(shi)瀑布群、花橋溪(xi)水(shui)等水(shui)流量大(da),此外(wai),境內還多處筑(zhu)壩建庫(ku)(ku),小坪水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、蓮(lian)花水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)。
植物資源
廈(sha)門(men)蓮花(hua)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)公園植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)亞熱(re)帶(dai)雨(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區、閩(min)南博平嶺東(dong)南溫熱(re)帶(dai)雨(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)小區,其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)繁多,層次結構復雜,具有(you)(you)(you)由南亞熱(re)帶(dai)雨(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)向(xiang)(xiang)中亞熱(re)帶(dai)常(chang)綠闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)過渡的特點。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)(lei)型主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)常(chang)綠闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、針葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、針闊(kuo)(kuo)混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)、灌叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)坡、竹林(lin)(lin)(lin)、經(jing)濟(ji)林(lin)(lin)(lin)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。金(jin)光(guang)湖植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)有(you)(you)(you)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)146科(ke)(ke)(ke)479屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)784種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中被(bei)(bei)(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)119科(ke)(ke)(ke)442屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)733種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)23科(ke)(ke)(ke)31屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)44種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中以(yi)(yi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)荷、青岡、米(mi)櫧、刨(bao)花(hua)楠(nan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)為(wei)優勢樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是處于泛北極植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)古熱(re)帶(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)區系(xi)過渡地(di)帶(dai)。蓮花(hua)山(shan)(shan)景(jing)區共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)131科(ke)(ke)(ke)521屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)754種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中被(bei)(bei)(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)108科(ke)(ke)(ke)488屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)710種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)20科(ke)(ke)(ke)28屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)以(yi)(yi)馬尾松(song)為(wei)主(zhu),局(ju)部有(you)(you)(you)闊(kuo)(kuo)葉(xie)混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)。小坪景(jing)區以(yi)(yi)人工(gong)林(lin)(lin)(lin)為(wei)主(zhu),共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)珍貴、速生的用材或薪炭樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30科(ke)(ke)(ke)76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),收集有(you)(you)(you)鄉土樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6科(ke)(ke)(ke)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主(zhu)要(yao)喬木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)濕地(di)松(song)、馬尾松(song)、火炬松(song)、建(jian)柏(bo)、相(xiang)思樹(shu)(shu)、火力(li)楠(nan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。景(jing)區內主(zhu)要(yao)經(jing)濟(ji)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)龍眼、柑桔、蜜柚等(deng)(deng)(deng);林(lin)(lin)(lin)下植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)(bei)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)桃(tao)金(jin)娘、小葉(xie)赤楠(nan)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)冬、芒萁骨、檵木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、杜鵑、黃(huang)梔子、黃(huang)瑞(rui)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、莢蒾、金(jin)櫻(ying)子、白花(hua)苦(ku)燈籠、野(ye)菊(ju)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)II級(ji)(ji)保護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)桫(suo)欏、閩(min)楠(nan)、白桂(gui)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu);省級(ji)(ji)保護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)翼核果、福建(jian)青岡、絨毛(mao)小葉(xie)紅豆等(deng)(deng)(deng);還有(you)(you)(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)I級(ji)(ji)保護的金(jin)線蓮、靈(ling)芝草(cao)(cao)、風鼓草(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)中草(cao)(cao)藥材。
動物資源
野生動物主要(yao)有(you)蟒蛇、穿(chuan)山甲(jia)、水(shui)獺、蘇(su)門羚、勺雞、刺猬、果(guo)子貍、野豬、黃麂、鷓鴣(gu)等。