公園簡介
廈門(men)(men)蓮花國(guo)家森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)的(de)前(qian)身是(shi)“福(fu)建省(sheng)廈門(men)(men)小坪森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)”(暨“廈門(men)(men)市同安區小坪林(lin)(lin)業試驗場”),其(qi)地(di)處廈門(men)(men)北部(bu),核心區距(ju)同安城25公(gong)里,206省(sheng)道擦邊而過,721鄉道貫(guan)穿其(qi)中,位置優越,交(jiao)通便捷(jie)。園(yuan)區冬暖夏涼,四(si)季如春,空氣清新(xin),涼爽宜人,夏季氣溫比廈門(men)(men)市區低(di)3-5℃,乃(nai)休閑度假避暑勝地(di)。這里峰巒秀麗,林(lin)(lin)海(hai)(hai)茫茫,村舍寥落,山(shan)(shan)水(shui)如畫。由波浪(lang)起伏的(de)火力楠林(lin)(lin)、整齊有序的(de)建柏林(lin)(lin)、婀娜(na)多姿的(de)毛竹林(lin)(lin)、雄偉壯觀的(de)馬尾(wei)松(song)林(lin)(lin)匯成(cheng)綠色(se)海(hai)(hai)洋(yang),鱗(lin)光閃爍的(de)小坪水(shui)庫構成(cheng)高山(shan)(shan)湖景(jing),流水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan)的(de)花橋山(shan)(shan)澗形成(cheng)溪流山(shan)(shan)泉,青山(shan)(shan)碧(bi)水(shui)渾然一(yi)體,湖光山(shan)(shan)色(se)綺麗多彩。海(hai)(hai)拔高126.2米至1038.5米,公(gong)路蜿(wan)蜒(yan)起伏在崇山(shan)(shan)峻嶺中,常為云霧(wu)籠(long)罩,彌漫四(si)合(he),變化萬千,一(yi)派超脫凡俗的(de)神秘色(se)彩。
2000年9月(yue),經福建省(sheng)林業廳批準備建立(li)省(sheng)級(ji)森林公(gong)園,面積2.5萬畝(mu),規(gui)劃為(wei)生態(tai)科教(jiao)園區(qu)、休閑游樂區(qu)、茶文(wen)化(hua)區(qu)、紀念林區(qu)、水上活(huo)動(dong)區(qu)、高(gao)山(shan)度(du)假區(qu)。是以保護(hu)森林生態(tai)環(huan)境、帶動(dong)地方(fang)經濟為(wei)宗(zong)旨,以實(shi)現(xian)資源(yuan)的(de)(de)可持續利用(yong)為(wei)原則,以自然山(shan)水、森林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀、風土民情、科研成果、科技(ji)人(ren)員為(wei)基礎,以人(ren)工(gong)林景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀、茶山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)、高(gao)山(shan)湖景(jing)(jing)(jing)、天(tian)然峽谷為(wei)特色,以現(xian)代人(ren)文(wen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)觀為(wei)襯托,以開展(zhan)森林旅游為(wei)主導,集避暑納(na)涼(liang)、度(du)假療(liao)養、科普(pu)教(jiao)育、民俗風情、體驗活(huo)動(dong)和戶外運動(dong)等旅游產品為(wei)一體的(de)(de)近郊型多(duo)功能生態(tai)旅游目的(de)(de)地。
2003年12月(yue),經國家(jia)林業局批準,擴大(da)范圍(wei),增加蓮花(hua)山(shan)、金光湖、文山(shan)和銅缽巖景區,升格并更名為蓮花(hua)國家(jia)森(sen)林公(gong)園,是廈(sha)門市(shi)惟一的(de)國家(jia)級森(sen)林公(gong)園。
地理環境
蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總面積(ji)39.24平方公(gong)(gong)里。具(ju)有(you)南亞熱帶雨林(lin)(lin)生態特征,景區(qu)景觀錯(cuo)落有(you)致。廈門(men)蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于廈門(men)市(shi)同安蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)鎮(zhen),距同安城(cheng)區(qu)23公(gong)(gong)里,廈門(men)市(shi)區(qu)60公(gong)(gong)里。
地理環境
地形地貌
廈門蓮(lian)花國家森林公園(yuan)地勢西北高,東(dong)南低。以(yi)西溪(xi)溺谷(gu)為中心,中
低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)蜿蜒(yan)于(yu)邊境(jing)地(di)(di)(di)帶,向(xiang)內陸作(zuo)階梯狀分布,構成(cheng)(cheng)明顯的(de)向(xiang)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)大(da)開口(kou)的(de)馬蹄(ti)狀地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)。北(bei)部(bu)屬戴云山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)翼延伸的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘陵,由晚(wan)侏(zhu)羅(luo)世火山(shan)(shan)(shan)巖構成(cheng)(cheng)陡峻的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體,海(hai)拔高(gao)度(du)為(wei)700~1000米,往東南(nan)(nan)(nan)過度(du)為(wei)丘陵和濱(bin)海(hai)臺地(di)(di)(di),海(hai)拔高(gao)度(du)遞(di)降。境(jing)內山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)縱橫,丘陵起伏,河流切割斷裂(lie),地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)破碎復雜,最高(gao)點為(wei)北(bei)部(bu)云頂山(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔1175.2米,最低(di)點為(wei)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)新(xin)店沿海(hai)一帶。主要山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)走向(xiang)以北(bei)西(xi)為(wei)主。
氣候特點
廈門蓮花(hua)國(guo)家森林公園屬南(nan)亞熱帶海洋(yang)性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,全年濕潤多雨,熱量充足,春暖晴雨多變,夏(xia)長而無酷暑,秋涼氣(qi)(qi)(qi)爽宜人,冬短而無嚴寒。年均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17~21℃,年最高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)38℃,年最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-1℃。
資源情況
資源特點
廈(sha)門蓮花山(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)林公園是一幅山(shan)水(shui)交融、氣勢磅礴(bo)的(de)綠色畫卷,是火山(shan)巖(yan)地(di)層亞熱帶森(sen)林保留較為完整而形成的(de)巍(wei)峨山(shan)峰(feng)的(de)典型(xing)代(dai)表,成為東南沿海(hai)一顆璀璨的(de)森(sen)林明(ming)珠。
資源分類
水資源
廈門(men)蓮花(hua)國家森林公園內的水系(xi)皆屬西溪(xi)(xi)水系(xi)。大深坑的清溪(xi)(xi)、文山峽谷、鐘石瀑布群(qun)、花(hua)橋溪(xi)(xi)水等(deng)水流量(liang)大,此外,境內還多(duo)處筑(zhu)壩(ba)建庫,小坪水庫、蓮花(hua)水庫。
植物資源
廈門蓮花山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公園(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)雨(yu)(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)、閩南(nan)博平嶺東南(nan)溫(wen)熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)雨(yu)(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)小區(qu),其(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多,層次結(jie)構復雜,具有由南(nan)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)雨(yu)(yu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)向中亞(ya)熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)常綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)過渡的(de)特(te)點。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)類(lei)(lei)型主要(yao)有常綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、針葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、針闊(kuo)混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)(lin)、灌(guan)叢草(cao)坡、竹林(lin)(lin)(lin)、經濟林(lin)(lin)(lin)等。金光湖植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)系有維管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)146科479屬(shu)784種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中被(bei)(bei)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)119科442屬(shu)733種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)4科6屬(shu)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)23科31屬(shu)44種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中以(yi)木(mu)(mu)荷、青(qing)岡(gang)、米櫧(zhu)、刨花楠(nan)等為(wei)(wei)優勢樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是處于泛北極(ji)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)系向古熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)系過渡地帶(dai)(dai)(dai)。蓮花山景(jing)(jing)區(qu)共有維管(guan)束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)131科521屬(shu)754種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中被(bei)(bei)子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)108科488屬(shu)710種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)3科5屬(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蕨(jue)類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)20科28屬(shu)38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)以(yi)馬尾松(song)為(wei)(wei)主,局部有闊(kuo)葉(xie)混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)(lin)。小坪景(jing)(jing)區(qu)以(yi)人(ren)工林(lin)(lin)(lin)為(wei)(wei)主,共有珍貴、速生的(de)用(yong)材(cai)或薪炭樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30科76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),收集(ji)有鄉土(tu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6科9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),主要(yao)喬木(mu)(mu)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有濕地松(song)、馬尾松(song)、火炬松(song)、建柏、相思樹(shu)、火力楠(nan)等。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內主要(yao)經濟樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有龍眼、柑桔、蜜(mi)柚(you)等;林(lin)(lin)(lin)下植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)(bei)主要(yao)有桃金娘、小葉(xie)赤楠(nan)、木(mu)(mu)冬、芒萁骨、檵(ji)木(mu)(mu)、杜鵑、黃(huang)(huang)梔子(zi)(zi)、黃(huang)(huang)瑞木(mu)(mu)、莢(jia)蒾、金櫻子(zi)(zi)、白花苦(ku)燈籠、野菊等。有國(guo)家(jia)(jia)II級(ji)保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)桫欏、閩楠(nan)、白桂木(mu)(mu);省級(ji)保護(hu)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)翼核果、福(fu)建青(qing)岡(gang)、絨毛(mao)小葉(xie)紅豆(dou)等;還有國(guo)家(jia)(jia)I級(ji)保護(hu)的(de)金線(xian)蓮、靈芝(zhi)草(cao)、風鼓草(cao)等中草(cao)藥材(cai)。
動物資源
野生動物主要有蟒(mang)蛇、穿山甲、水(shui)獺、蘇(su)門羚、勺雞、刺猬、果子貍、野豬(zhu)、黃麂、鷓鴣等。