基本情況
五龍洞位于河南(nan)(nan)省北(bei)部,太行山北(bei)端。地處(chu)安陽(yang)、鶴壁、新(xin)鄉交界(jie)處(chu),沿(yan)浚(縣)南(nan)(nan)(輝縣南(nan)(nan)村鎮)公(gong)(gong)路可(ke)達。距離林(lin)州市(shi) 區50公(gong)(gong)里。介(jie)于東徑113°55′~114°00′和北(bei)緯35°41′~35°45′之間,南(nan)(nan)與衛輝接壤,東接淇縣。公(gong)(gong)園東西長7公(gong)(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)北(bei)寬6公(gong)(gong)里,總面(mian)積2527公(gong)(gong)頃。1995 年(nian)被批(pi)準為國(guo)家森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園。
公園內山勢險峻,危(wei)巖(yan)聳立,峭壁奇澗遍布(bu)。境內第(di)一高峰黃梅草腦,海拔1069米(mi),第(di)二高峰三縣(xian)腦,海拔1043米(mi)。平均坡(po)(po)度35左右(you),最大坡(po)(po)度70左右(you)。
土(tu)壤為褐土(tu),土(tu)層(ceng)厚度(du)一般在30~70厘米(mi),土(tu)壤呈中性及微(wei)堿性。
旅游資源綜述
五(wu)(wu)龍洞(dong)(dong)(dong)國家森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)分五(wu)(wu)龍洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、四道溝(gou)(gou)、雞冠山(shan)和驢馱溝(gou)(gou)四大(da)景(jing)觀(guan)區。 公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)所(suo)在地受第三紀(ji)末喜馬拉雅山(shan)運動(dong)(dong)和第四紀(ji)燕(yan)山(shan)期(qi)斷裂運動(dong)(dong)的(de)影響,造成(cheng)山(shan)勢(shi)險峻,危(wei)巖(yan)聳立,峽谷(gu)幽洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遍布,構成(cheng)山(shan)體的(de)巖(yan)石主(zhu)要為(wei)奧陶紀(ji)石灰(hui)巖(yan),巖(yan)石形狀(zhuang)極為(wei)獨特。五(wu)(wu)龍洞(dong)(dong)(dong)國家森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)山(shan)勢(shi)渾厚蒼勁,怪石嶙峋,樹木蔥郁,溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)幽穴星羅棋布,集“山(shan)秀、洞(dong)(dong)(dong)古、石奇(qi)、林幽”于一體。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)地處暖溫帶落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林地帶,以溫帶落葉(xie)植物區系為(wei)主(zhu),植物種類(lei)有(you)(you) 400余種,如油(you)松、側柏、山(shan)桃、柿樹、櫟(li)類(lei)等(deng),林地面(mian)積 11.9平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里,森(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率為(wei) 47.1%;野生動(dong)(dong)物有(you)(you)狼、野豬、松鼠、畫眉、百(bai)靈(ling)、金雕、紅(hong)尾鴝等(deng)。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)以森(sen)林景(jing)觀(guan)、巖(yan)石景(jing)觀(guan)、溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)觀(guan)而(er)著名。森(sen)林景(jing)觀(guan)有(you)(you):十里松濤(tao)、五(wu)(wu)龍紅(hong)葉(xie)等(deng);石景(jing)有(you)(you):天生橋、鱷魚石等(deng);溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)有(you)(you):五(wu)(wu)龍洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、八(ba)卦洞(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)。
公園內以四季常(chang)青(qing)、生(sheng)長茂(mao)盛的(de)側柏(bo)、油松林為主,還有(you)黃櫨、連(lian)翹(qiao)、繡線菊等灌木,形成了獨具(ju)特(te)色(se)、十分(fen)誘人的(de)森林景觀。春天(tian),各種迎春花草次第開放。夏季,林木蔥郁,濃陰遮日,樹下涼氣襲人。秋天(tian),萬木崢嶸,樹葉流丹,秋風陣陣,果(guo)香(xiang)沁(qin)脈。冬(dong)天(tian),到處銀妝素裹,玉樹瓊花。
主要景點特色
五(wu)龍洞森林(lin)公園(yuan)自然風光獨特壯(zhuang)觀,主(zhu)要景點有五(wu)龍洞、駱駝峰、絕壁雙亭(ting)、皇姑(gu)庵、神功石、天生橋等。
五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)洞(dong)(dong) 為太行山第一(yi)(yi)(yi)大溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong),第一(yi)(yi)(yi)大廳面(mian)積約(yue)1100平方(fang)米,可容納2000余人(ren)。洞(dong)(dong)內最寬處60米,最高(gao)處44米,深度目前已能(neng)走入(ru)700米。五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)洞(dong)(dong)歷(li)史悠久,洞(dong)(dong)內石刻記載明萬歷(li)年(nian)間即已成(cheng)為衛輝、淇縣、浚縣、林(lin)縣南部等地(di)區祈雨(yu)中(zhong)心,每逢大旱之年(nian),來此(ci)祈雨(yu)的(de)人(ren)數以千計,香火極(ji)旺。相(xiang)傳古(gu)時清風山下漁村(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)村(cun)姑和其母(mu)正在門口縫(feng)洗被子,忽(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)道士路(lu)(lu)過,請母(mu)女(nv)為其拆洗一(yi)(yi)(yi)下道袍,女(nv)兒在拆洗中(zhong)不斷用嘴咬(yao)線,并吞下了五(wu)(wu)個線頭(tou),此(ci)后便有了身(shen)(shen),女(nv)兒的(de)父親(qin)怕(pa)鄰居恥笑,就(jiu)把(ba)女(nv)兒送到了這里(li),由(you)哥哥每日(ri)送飯。一(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)晴空萬里(li),哥哥送飯到半路(lu)(lu)上(shang),忽(hu)聽(ting)身(shen)(shen)后雷聲(sheng)大作,回頭(tou)忘去,見(jian)陡崖上(shang)開了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個山洞(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)中(zhong)妹(mei)妹(mei)身(shen)(shen)上(shang)爬著五(wu)(wu)條龍(long)(long):黑龍(long)(long)、白龍(long)(long)、青龍(long)(long)、蒼龍(long)(long)、黃龍(long)(long),從此(ci),五(wu)(wu)龍(long)(long)呼風喚雨(yu),為天下百姓解除(chu)旱災(zai)。
五龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)區型溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),目前(qian)(qian)能(neng)開(kai)進(jin)深(shen)度為(wei)(wei)1200余米(mi)。經地質學家考察(cha),確(que)認為(wei)(wei)早在(zai)兩億年前(qian)(qian)就(jiu)已形(xing)成(cheng),其古老的(de)老齡,具大(da)的(de)規(gui)模,獨特(te)的(de)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)景觀(guan)在(zai)北方太(tai)行(xing)(xing)山(shan)(shan)區極為(wei)(wei)罕見(jian),被譽為(wei)(wei)太(tai)行(xing)(xing)山(shan)(shan)第一(yi)(yi)大(da)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。大(da)廳(ting)(ting)分內廳(ting)(ting)、外廳(ting)(ting),中(zhong)(zhong)間由一(yi)(yi)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)(ran)大(da)石(shi)(shi)簾隔開(kai)。內廳(ting)(ting)分上(shang)下(xia)(xia)兩層(ceng),在(zai)廳(ting)(ting)的(de)南(nan)端有天(tian)天(tian)窗(chuang)直通(tong)山(shan)(shan)頂,又(you)叫通(tong)天(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內鐘(zhong)(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)呈金黃(huang)色,形(xing)成(cheng)了十分逼真(zhen)的(de)觀(guan)音菩薩、老壽星、龍(long)王、呂洞(dong)(dong)(dong)賓等形(xing)象。游(you)客至此(ci),可感到(dao)山(shan)(shan)風吹拂(fu),過大(da)廳(ting)(ting)繼續前(qian)(qian)行(xing)(xing),山(shan)(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)突然(ran)(ran)(ran)變小、變低,每(mei)隔幾米(mi)即有一(yi)(yi)道由鐘(zhong)(zhong)乳(ru)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)石(shi)(shi)門,石(shi)(shi)門前(qian)(qian)后各有清水一(yi)(yi)潭(tan)(tan),水流入(ru)潭(tan)(tan)中(zhong)(zhong),叮咚作響。行(xing)(xing)至150米(mi)深(shen)處(chu)(chu),就(jiu)來到(dao)了鐘(zhong)(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)的(de)精華處(chu)(chu),這時(shi)仿(fang)佛是(shi)來到(dao)了另一(yi)(yi)個世界:蝙蝠(fu)在(zai)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)翻飛(fei),一(yi)(yi)片片上(shang)下(xia)(xia)已連接的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)乳(ru)林整齊地排列在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起,石(shi)(shi)床、石(shi)(shi)花、石(shi)(shi)筍、石(shi)(shi)盆、石(shi)(shi)幔、石(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)獅隨處(chu)(chu)可見(jian)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)回路轉,柳(liu)暗花明又(you)一(yi)(yi)廳(ting)(ting),走至600米(mi)處(chu)(chu),潭(tan)(tan)水已淹至石(shi)(shi)門,此(ci)時(shi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)壁上(shang)刻有游(you)人詩一(yi)(yi)首:“天(tian)生一(yi)(yi)個五龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),無限風光在(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong),鐘(zhong)(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)(shi)筍世罕見(jian),天(tian)下(xia)(xia)奇(qi)觀(guan)留(liu)游(you)人”,這正是(shi)對五龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)真(zhen)實寫照。
清(qing)風(feng)寺 建于(yu)明(ming)代(dai)(dai)。位(wei)于(yu)五龍(long)洞(dong)崖(ya)下,因該洞(dong)位(wei)于(yu)半(ban)崖(ya)上(shang),古時需攀援(yuan)才能到(dao)達,后由(you)祈雨者(zhe)集資修建了(le)清(qing)風(feng)寺。到(dao)清(qing)代(dai)(dai)已有殿(dian)堂數10間(jian),后歷經戰亂(luan),現僅存(cun)10余間(jian)。殿(dian)內供奉(feng)龍(long)母(mu)娘娘和黑(hei)、白、青(qing)、蒼、黃五龍(long)。每年農歷三月初八廟會,香客可達數千人。
皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)(gu)庵(an) 位(wei)于(yu)林州、衛輝、淇縣交界的三縣垴(nao)。為商朝紂王(wang)(wang)兵敗后(hou)藏身(shen)處。在山(shan)頂有房屋2間(jian),因紂王(wang)(wang)與其女在此居(ju)住,故稱皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)(gu)庵(an)。皇(huang)(huang)姑(gu)(gu)庵(an)北(bei)(bei)邊的山(shan)溝(gou)為銅槍溝(gou),再往北(bei)(bei)為鐵(tie)爐溝(gou),傳說均為紂王(wang)(wang)打制兵器的地方。
神(shen)(shen)功石 進(jin)入(ru)山口不遠,路(lu)下(xia)溝中水聲潺(chan)潺(chan),碧水如鏡(jing),在清水環繞的(de)石上有一(yi)塊大石頭,體積約80立方米(mi),重約200噸,支點面積極小,若一(yi)人找著力(li)點,即可搖動,但再(zai)增加人數用力(li)推,卻絲(si)毫(hao)難移,故名神(shen)(shen)功石。
天生橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao) 在溝兩邊陡(dou)峭的懸崖(ya)之(zhi)間,一天生石橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)飛架而過。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)跨度(du)27.3米(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)寬3.7~5米(mi)(mi),厚0.5~0.8米(mi)(mi),橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)高(gao)11.8米(mi)(mi)。據(ju)北(bei)京大學教授陳傳康考證,此石橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)跨度(du)之(zhi)大,橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身(shen)之(zhi)高(gao)為長江以(yi)北(bei)第(di)一,全(quan)國第(di)二,較之(zhi)武陵風景區之(zhi)仙(xian)人(ren)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)還要奇妙(miao),可(ke)謂世上罕見。
森林公園 以(yi)四季長青,生長茂(mao)密(mi)的油松林為主,灌(guan)木以(yi)毛黃(huang)櫨(lu)、連(lian)翹、繡線菊、照山白等(deng)為主,形成特色(se)獨具(ju)的四季景觀。
1992年,北京大學(xue)環境系(xi)教(jiao)授,全國風(feng)景(jing)規劃專家(jia)陳傳康(kang)到(dao)此考察,稱(cheng)這里是(shi)典型的石灰巖地質風(feng)光(guang),是(shi)一(yi)個難得(de)的天然森林公園,并當場題詞:天橋清風(feng)流碧(bi)水,龍洞綠樹映山色。
1995年,五龍洞森林(lin)公園被國家林(lin)業部正式批準為(wei)(wei)國家級森林(lin)公園,中國森林(lin)資源(yuan)評價(jia)委(wei)員會、中國旅游(you)學(xue)院科學(xue)研(yan)究所王興斌教授興奮地把這里(li)歸納(na)為(wei)(wei)“山秀、洞古、石奇、林(lin)幽”,并(bing)滿(man)懷信心地題寫寄語(yu):“五龍藏千(qian)年,騰飛在今朝”。
五(wu)龍洞國(guo)家(jia)(jia)森林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)不僅自(zi)然風光獨特壯觀,同時人(ren)文景觀也(ye)相當豐富,自(zi)唐朝以來,這(zhe)里就是鄰近幾縣百姓祈雨的(de)主要(yao)場所,歷代僧人(ren)道姑也(ye)多在此出家(jia)(jia),使之成為遠(yuan)近聞名(ming)的(de)宗教圣地。
洞天福地,曲徑(jing)通(tong)幽,松(song)濤(tao)密林,涼亭清風(feng),森林景觀與山水風(feng)光相輝(hui)映,人文景觀與民間傳說相交融(rong)。暢游五(wu)龍洞將(jiang)會給你(ni)一(yi)種(zhong)心情舒(shu)暢,飄(piao)然世(shi)外之感(gan)。
旅游信息
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