基本情況
五龍洞位于河南(nan)(nan)省北部,太行山(shan)北端。地處安陽、鶴壁、新(xin)鄉交界處,沿浚(縣)南(nan)(nan)(輝縣南(nan)(nan)村鎮)公(gong)路可達。距離林(lin)州市(shi) 區50公(gong)里。介于東(dong)徑113°55′~114°00′和北緯(wei)35°41′~35°45′之(zhi)間,南(nan)(nan)與(yu)衛輝接壤,東(dong)接淇縣。公(gong)園東(dong)西(xi)長7公(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)北寬(kuan)6公(gong)里,總面積2527公(gong)頃。1995 年被批準為(wei)國家森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園。
公園內山勢險(xian)峻,危巖聳立(li),峭壁奇澗(jian)遍(bian)布。境內第一(yi)高峰(feng)黃梅草腦(nao),海拔(ba)(ba)1069米,第二高峰(feng)三縣腦(nao),海拔(ba)(ba)1043米。平均坡(po)度35左(zuo)右(you),最(zui)大(da)坡(po)度70左(zuo)右(you)。
土壤(rang)為褐(he)土,土層(ceng)厚度一般在(zai)30~70厘米,土壤(rang)呈中性(xing)及(ji)微堿性(xing)。
旅游資源綜述
五龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)國(guo)家森(sen)(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園分(fen)五龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)、四道溝、雞冠山和驢(lv)馱溝四大景觀(guan)區。 公(gong)園所(suo)在地受(shou)第三紀末喜馬拉雅(ya)山運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)和第四紀燕(yan)山期斷裂運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)的影響(xiang),造(zao)成山勢(shi)險(xian)峻,危巖(yan)聳立,峽谷(gu)幽(you)洞(dong)(dong)遍布(bu),構成山體的巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)為奧陶(tao)紀石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan),巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形狀極為獨特(te)。五龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)國(guo)家森(sen)(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園山勢(shi)渾厚蒼勁,怪石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嶙峋,樹木蔥郁,溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)幽(you)穴星羅(luo)棋布(bu),集“山秀、洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)奇(qi)、林(lin)幽(you)”于一(yi)體。公(gong)園地處暖溫(wen)帶(dai)落葉(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)地帶(dai),以溫(wen)帶(dai)落葉(xie)植物(wu)區系為主,植物(wu)種類有(you) 400余(yu)種,如(ru)油松、側柏、山桃、柿樹、櫟類等(deng),林(lin)地面積(ji) 11.9平(ping)方公(gong)里,森(sen)(sen)林(lin)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率為 47.1%;野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)有(you)狼(lang)、野(ye)(ye)豬、松鼠(shu)、畫眉(mei)、百靈、金雕、紅(hong)尾鴝等(deng)。公(gong)園以森(sen)(sen)林(lin)景觀(guan)、巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)景觀(guan)、溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)景觀(guan)而著名。森(sen)(sen)林(lin)景觀(guan)有(you):十里松濤(tao)、五龍(long)紅(hong)葉(xie)等(deng);石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)景有(you):天(tian)生橋、鱷魚石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng);溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)有(you):五龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)、八卦洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)。
公園內(nei)以(yi)四季常(chang)青、生長茂盛的側柏(bo)、油松林為(wei)主,還(huan)有黃櫨(lu)、連翹、繡線(xian)菊等灌(guan)木(mu),形成了獨具特色、十(shi)分誘人(ren)的森林景觀(guan)。春天,各種迎春花草次第開放。夏季,林木(mu)蔥(cong)郁,濃陰遮(zhe)日(ri),樹(shu)下涼氣襲(xi)人(ren)。秋天,萬木(mu)崢嶸,樹(shu)葉流丹,秋風陣(zhen)陣(zhen),果香沁脈。冬天,到處銀妝素裹,玉(yu)樹(shu)瓊花。
主要景點特色
五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)森林公園自然風光(guang)獨特(te)壯觀,主要景點有五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)、駱駝峰、絕壁雙亭、皇姑庵、神功石、天生橋(qiao)等。
五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong) 為太行山(shan)第一大溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong),第一大廳面積約1100平方米,可容(rong)納2000余人。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內最(zui)寬處60米,最(zui)高處44米,深度目前(qian)已(yi)能(neng)走入(ru)700米。五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)歷(li)史悠(you)久,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內石刻記(ji)載明(ming)萬歷(li)年間即已(yi)成為衛輝、淇縣(xian)、浚縣(xian)、林縣(xian)南部等地區祈雨中(zhong)心,每(mei)逢大旱之(zhi)年,來此祈雨的人數以(yi)千計(ji),香火極旺。相傳古時清風山(shan)下(xia)(xia)漁村一村姑和其(qi)母正在門口縫洗被(bei)子(zi),忽一道士路過,請母女為其(qi)拆洗一下(xia)(xia)道袍,女兒(er)在拆洗中(zhong)不斷用(yong)嘴咬線(xian),并吞下(xia)(xia)了五(wu)個線(xian)頭,此后(hou)便有了身,女兒(er)的父親怕鄰居(ju)恥(chi)笑(xiao),就(jiu)把女兒(er)送(song)(song)到了這里(li),由哥(ge)(ge)哥(ge)(ge)每(mei)日送(song)(song)飯(fan)。一日晴空萬里(li),哥(ge)(ge)哥(ge)(ge)送(song)(song)飯(fan)到半路上(shang),忽聽身后(hou)雷聲大作,回頭忘去,見陡崖上(shang)開了一個山(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)妹(mei)妹(mei)身上(shang)爬著(zhu)五(wu)條(tiao)龍(long):黑龍(long)、白(bai)龍(long)、青龍(long)、蒼龍(long)、黃龍(long),從此,五(wu)龍(long)呼風喚雨,為天下(xia)(xia)百姓解除(chu)旱災。
五(wu)龍(long)(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰巖區型溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),目(mu)前(qian)能開(kai)進深度(du)為(wei)1200余(yu)米。經(jing)地質學家考(kao)察,確認為(wei)早在(zai)兩(liang)億年前(qian)就已形(xing)成,其古老(lao)的(de)老(lao)齡,具大(da)(da)的(de)規模,獨(du)特(te)的(de)自然(ran)景觀在(zai)北方太行(xing)山區極為(wei)罕見,被譽(yu)為(wei)太行(xing)山第一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。大(da)(da)廳分內(nei)廳、外廳,中(zhong)(zhong)間由一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然(ran)大(da)(da)石(shi)(shi)(shi)簾隔(ge)開(kai)。內(nei)廳分上(shang)下(xia)兩(liang)層,在(zai)廳的(de)南端(duan)有(you)天(tian)(tian)(tian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)窗直通(tong)山頂,又(you)叫通(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)呈金黃(huang)色,形(xing)成了(le)十(shi)分逼真的(de)觀音(yin)菩薩、老(lao)壽星、龍(long)(long)王、呂洞(dong)(dong)(dong)賓等形(xing)象。游客(ke)至(zhi)此,可感到山風吹(chui)拂(fu),過大(da)(da)廳繼續前(qian)行(xing),山洞(dong)(dong)(dong)突然(ran)變(bian)小、變(bian)低,每隔(ge)幾米即有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)道由鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乳形(xing)成的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)門,石(shi)(shi)(shi)門前(qian)后各有(you)清水(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)潭,水(shui)(shui)流入潭中(zhong)(zhong),叮咚作響。行(xing)至(zhi)150米深處(chu)(chu),就來(lai)到了(le)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)精華(hua)處(chu)(chu),這時仿佛(fo)是來(lai)到了(le)另(ling)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個世(shi)界:蝙(bian)蝠(fu)在(zai)上(shang)下(xia)翻(fan)飛,一(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)片(pian)上(shang)下(xia)已連接的(de)鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乳林整(zheng)齊地排(pai)列(lie)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi),石(shi)(shi)(shi)床、石(shi)(shi)(shi)花、石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍(sun)(sun)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)盆(pen)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)幔、石(shi)(shi)(shi)虎、石(shi)(shi)(shi)獅隨(sui)處(chu)(chu)可見。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)回路轉,柳暗花明(ming)又(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)廳,走(zou)至(zhi)600米處(chu)(chu),潭水(shui)(shui)已淹至(zhi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)門,此時洞(dong)(dong)(dong)壁(bi)上(shang)刻(ke)有(you)游人(ren)詩一(yi)(yi)(yi)首:“天(tian)(tian)(tian)生(sheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個五(wu)龍(long)(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),無限風光在(zai)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong),鐘(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)乳石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍(sun)(sun)世(shi)罕見,天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)奇觀留游人(ren)”,這正是對五(wu)龍(long)(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)真實寫照(zhao)。
清風寺 建于(yu)明代。位于(yu)五龍洞崖下(xia),因該洞位于(yu)半崖上,古時需攀援(yuan)才能到達,后由祈(qi)雨者(zhe)集資修建了清風寺。到清代已有殿(dian)堂數10間(jian),后歷經戰亂,現(xian)僅存10余(yu)間(jian)。殿(dian)內(nei)供(gong)奉龍母(mu)娘娘和黑(hei)、白(bai)、青(qing)、蒼(cang)、黃五龍。每年農歷三月(yue)初八廟會,香客可達數千人(ren)。
皇姑(gu)(gu)庵 位于(yu)林州、衛輝、淇縣交界的(de)(de)三(san)縣垴(nao)。為(wei)(wei)商(shang)朝紂(zhou)王(wang)兵(bing)敗后藏身處。在山(shan)頂有房屋2間,因紂(zhou)王(wang)與其(qi)女在此居住(zhu),故稱(cheng)皇姑(gu)(gu)庵。皇姑(gu)(gu)庵北邊的(de)(de)山(shan)溝為(wei)(wei)銅槍溝,再往(wang)北為(wei)(wei)鐵爐溝,傳說均為(wei)(wei)紂(zhou)王(wang)打制(zhi)兵(bing)器的(de)(de)地方。
神功(gong)石(shi) 進入(ru)山(shan)口不遠,路下(xia)溝中(zhong)水聲潺潺,碧水如鏡,在清水環繞的(de)石(shi)上有一(yi)塊大石(shi)頭,體積約80立方米,重約200噸(dun),支點(dian)面積極小,若一(yi)人(ren)找著力點(dian),即可搖動(dong),但(dan)再增加人(ren)數用(yong)力推(tui),卻絲毫難移,故名神功(gong)石(shi)。
天生橋 在溝兩邊陡峭的懸崖之間(jian),一(yi)天生石橋飛架而過(guo)。橋跨度27.3米,橋身(shen)寬3.7~5米,厚0.5~0.8米,橋高(gao)11.8米。據北京(jing)大學教授陳(chen)傳康(kang)考證,此(ci)石橋跨度之大,橋身(shen)之高(gao)為(wei)長江以北第(di)一(yi),全國(guo)第(di)二,較之武陵風(feng)景(jing)區(qu)之仙人橋還要奇妙,可謂(wei)世上罕見。
森林公園 以(yi)四(si)季(ji)長(chang)青,生長(chang)茂密(mi)的(de)油松林為(wei)主,灌木(mu)以(yi)毛(mao)黃櫨、連翹、繡線菊(ju)、照山白等(deng)為(wei)主,形成特(te)色獨具的(de)四(si)季(ji)景(jing)觀。
1992年,北京大學環境(jing)系教(jiao)授,全國風(feng)景規劃專(zhuan)家陳傳(chuan)康到此考(kao)察,稱這里是(shi)典型的(de)石灰(hui)巖地質風(feng)光,是(shi)一個難(nan)得的(de)天然森(sen)林公園,并當(dang)場(chang)題詞:天橋清風(feng)流碧水,龍洞綠樹映山色。
1995年,五(wu)龍洞森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園被(bei)國家林(lin)(lin)業部正式批準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)國家級(ji)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公園,中(zhong)國森(sen)林(lin)(lin)資源評價(jia)委員會、中(zhong)國旅游學(xue)(xue)院科學(xue)(xue)研究所王興斌教授(shou)興奮地把這里(li)歸納為(wei)(wei)“山秀(xiu)、洞古、石奇、林(lin)(lin)幽”,并(bing)滿懷信心地題寫寄語:“五(wu)龍藏千年,騰飛在今朝(chao)”。
五龍(long)洞國家森(sen)林公園不(bu)僅自(zi)然風光獨特(te)壯觀(guan),同(tong)時人文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)也相當豐富,自(zi)唐(tang)朝以來,這里就是鄰近幾縣百(bai)姓祈雨的(de)主要場所,歷(li)代(dai)僧人道姑也多在此(ci)出家,使(shi)之(zhi)成為遠(yuan)近聞名(ming)的(de)宗教圣地。
洞(dong)天福(fu)地(di),曲徑通(tong)幽(you),松濤(tao)密林(lin),涼亭(ting)清風(feng),森林(lin)景觀與(yu)山(shan)水風(feng)光(guang)相輝(hui)映,人文(wen)景觀與(yu)民(min)間傳說相交融。暢游(you)五(wu)龍(long)洞(dong)將會給你一種(zhong)心情舒暢,飄然(ran)世外(wai)之感。
旅游信息
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