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基本介紹

紅(hong)鋸蛺(jia)蝶(die)(die)(Cethosia bibles Drury)為(wei)鱗翅目(Lep-idopterd)、蛺(jia)蝶(die)(die)科(Nymphalidae)昆蟲(chong)(chong)，國(guo)內分(fen)布于(yu)江西、福建(jian)、廣東、廣西、海(hai)南(nan)、四川、云南(nan)，幼蟲(chong)(chong)寄主植物為(wei)西番蓮(Passifloraceae)。中國(guo)有(you)3個亞種。紅(hong)鋸蛺(jia)蝶(die)(die)因(yin)體態優美、色彩艷(yan)麗，具有(you)較高的觀(guan)賞價值(zhi)，在觀(guan)光蝴蝶(die)(die)園(yuan)和蝴蝶(die)(die)工藝品中大量使用。

生長與分布

分布范圍

國(guo)內分布(bu)于江西(xi)、福建(jian)、廣東、海南、廣西(xi)、四川(chuan)、云南。

國外分布于緬甸(dian)、泰(tai)國、馬來西亞、尼泊(bo)爾、錫金(jin)、不丹、印度。

生活史

在(zai)西雙版納該蝶(die)(die)1年(nian)7代(dai)，以第7代(dai)3齡(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬，越(yue)冬時間從每年(nian)的12月(yue)(yue)起至次年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)中旬止。其余各代(dai)歷(li)期(qi)35—40d，室內21—28℃下(xia)，卵(luan)期(qi)8-11d，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)期(qi)12—16d，蛹(yong)期(qi)8—9d，雌蟲(chong)(chong)壽命12—18d，雄蟲(chong)(chong)壽命6—10d。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)共4齡(ling)，1—2齡(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)嫩葉(xie)，喜群集；3—4齡(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)嫩葉(xie)、嫩枝和老葉(xie)；齡(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)還取(qu)(qu)食(shi)莖的綠色(se)表皮，其食(shi)量(liang)占整個幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)期(qi)的78.98%。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)喜食(shi)三開瓢(piao)，成蟲(chong)(chong)喜訪馬纓丹、仙丹花、九重葛等有(you)花植(zhi)物(wu)。在(zai)人工飼養條件(jian)下(xia)，成蟲(chong)(chong)的交(jiao)配(pei)率和產(chan)卵(luan)量(liang)與網室的大小和蝴(hu)蝶(die)(die)的密(mi)度有(you)關。

形態及特征

雄蝶翅(chi)(chi)正面橘(ju)紅色，兩翅(chi)(chi)具(ju)黑(hei)(hei)色鋸狀外(wai)(wai)緣。前(qian)(qian)翅(chi)(chi)中(zhong)室(shi)內(nei)有(you)(you)幾條黑(hei)(hei)色橫(heng)線，中(zhong)室(shi)端有(you)(you)2個(ge)(ge)小白(bai)斑(ban)(ban)，中(zhong)域有(you)(you)1列“V”字形(xing)白(bai)色斑(ban)(ban)（4—5個(ge)(ge)），其外(wai)(wai)有(you)(you)1列白(bai)斑(ban)(ban)，黑(hei)(hei)色外(wai)(wai)緣帶上具(ju)白(bai)色“（”形(xing)斑(ban)(ban)列。雌翅(chi)(chi)色淡，有(you)(you)的(de)呈灰色或淡綠色。翅(chi)(chi)反面黃褐(he)色或橙黃色斑(ban)(ban)紋(wen)特殊(shu)，兩翅(chi)(chi)有(you)(you)淡色中(zhong)橫(heng)帶及后(hou)中(zhong)橫(heng)帶，其間有(you)(you)橄欖形(xing)黑(hei)(hei)色環列，每(mei)個(ge)(ge)環外(wai)(wai)側有(you)(you)2個(ge)(ge)小黑(hei)(hei)點(dian)；前(qian)(qian)翅(chi)(chi)中(zhong)室(shi)內(nei)有(you)(you)褐(he)色和白(bai)色橫(heng)帶，其間有(you)(you)黑(hei)(hei)色細條紋(wen)。

生活習性

成蟲習性

野(ye)外成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)多(duo)活動(dong)于(yu)林(lin)間空地、林(lin)緣向(xiang)陽(yang)開(kai)闊地帶(dai)，有時(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)在平(ping)原地區尋找蜜源植(zhi)(zhi)物。喜訪馬纓(ying)丹花，有時(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)取(qu)(qu)食發酵水(shui)果汁液、甚(shen)至動(dong)物糞便。在產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)園(yuan)內，紅色(se)、橙色(se)和(he)黃(huang)色(se)等(deng)顏色(se)的(de)(de)花對成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)最有吸引(yin)力，鋪有紅布(bu)的(de)(de)喂食盤能吸引(yin)大量(liang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)取(qu)(qu)食。靜止取(qu)(qu)食時(shi)(shi)翅(chi)(chi)膀大多(duo)合(he)攏(long)，偶而將翅(chi)(chi)膀展(zhan)開(kai)。飛行低緩，休息時(shi)(shi)常停棲(qi)在低矮灌叢上(shang)，翅(chi)(chi)膀合(he)攏(long)，但上(shang)午有展(zhan)開(kai)翅(chi)(chi)膀曬(shai)太(tai)陽(yang)的(de)(de)習性。雌成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)前圍繞寄主植(zhi)(zhi)株下(xia)(xia)部長時(shi)(shi)間飛行，尋找適宜的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)位(wei)置。如無驚擾(rao)，雌蝶一(yi)天內只(zhi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)一(yi)次卵(luan)(luan)(luan)。卵(luan)(luan)(luan)大多(duo)聚產(chan)(chan)(chan)在寄主卷須、葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)反面、嫩葉(xie)和(he)嫩枝上(shang)，偶爾也(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)在葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)正(zheng)面和(he)嫩芽上(shang)，卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)呈(cheng)片(pian)(pian)狀(zhuang)或(huo)串狀(zhuang)分(fen)布(bu)，每片(pian)(pian)或(huo)串12～134粒(li)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)。每產(chan)(chan)(chan)下(xia)(xia)數粒(li)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)后，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)即向(xiang)前輕微(wei)移動(dong)位(wei)置。卵(luan)(luan)(luan)塊中卵(luan)(luan)(luan)粒(li)的(de)(de)數量(liang)與雌成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)中有無驚擾(rao)及(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)日齡(ling)有關。求偶行為(wei)屬典型(xing)的(de)(de)“巡游型(xing)”，雄成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)對于(yu)地面已死(si)亡的(de)(de)雌成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)也(ye)(ye)感興趣，未發現(xian)其有明顯的(de)(de)領域性。交配(pei)發生(sheng)在晴(qing)天上(shang)午，交配(pei)場(chang)所多(duo)在植(zhi)(zhi)物葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)下(xia)(xia)等(deng)隱蔽處，有時(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)在產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)(luan)(luan)園(yuan)壁上(shang)。交配(pei)時(shi)(shi)兩成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)翅(chi)(chi)膀合(he)攏(long)、豎立背面，呈(cheng)“一(yi)”字(zi)排列。受到驚擾(rao)時(shi)(shi)，雄成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)帶(dai)著雌成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)離去。

幼蟲習性

1～5齡(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)均有強烈的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)習性，尤(you)以(yi)1～3齡(ling)期的(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)群(qun)(qun)密度最大。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)上(shang)午(wu)孵(fu)化(hua)。孵(fu)化(hua)時(shi)(shi)，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)以(yi)頭部頂開(kai)卵(luan)蓋爬出。不(bu)(bu)(bu)少胚胎在(zai)胚胎發(fa)育(yu)后(hou)(hou)期死亡(wang)。初孵(fu)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)卵(luan)殼后(hou)(hou)在(zai)附近等(deng)候同(tong)(tong)卵(luan)塊(kuai)(kuai)或(huo)卵(luan)串的(de)(de)其(qi)他幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵(fu)化(hua)，并不(bu)(bu)(bu)立即尋找適宜位(wei)置取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)。同(tong)(tong)一卵(luan)塊(kuai)(kuai)中(zhong)的(de)(de)卵(luan)全部孵(fu)化(hua)后(hou)(hou)，所(suo)有幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)集(ji)(ji)在(zai)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嫩葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片反(fan)面，主(zhu)(zhu)要聚(ju)(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)在(zai)靠近葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)尖部位(wei)，有時(shi)(shi)多(duo)達近百只，取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)肉和表皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，余下(xia)中(zhong)脈和較粗的(de)(de)側脈，有時(shi)(shi)也(ye)余下(xia)上(shang)表皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)緣留下(xia)大的(de)(de)缺刻，或(huo)在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片上(shang)形成寬(kuan)大及(ji)網狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)穿孔。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)將(jiang)該葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片食(shi)(shi)盡(jin)后(hou)(hou)集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉移。個(ge)(ge)別幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)活(huo)動中(zhong)暫時(shi)(shi)脫離群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，稍后(hou)(hou)也(ye)能再次加入集(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。如幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)偶(ou)爾(er)掉落(luo)地面或(huo)由于其(qi)他原因遠離原來(lai)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，在(zai)重新(xin)爬上(shang)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植物后(hou)(hou)也(ye)會尋找其(qi)他同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)加入，即使齡(ling)期不(bu)(bu)(bu)一致。如果寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植株(zhu)上(shang)沒(mei)有同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，失(shi)散幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)也(ye)加入到同(tong)(tong)屬的(de)(de)白帶鋸蛺蝶幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)。常有大量(liang)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)在(zai)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)卷須上(shang)脫皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，原因還不(bu)(bu)(bu)清(qing)楚。臨近脫皮(pi)(pi)(pi)時(shi)(shi)，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胸腹部各節腫脹(zhang)，尤(you)以(yi)前胸明顯，頭部前伸。先脫皮(pi)(pi)(pi)的(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)仍靜候同(tong)(tong)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)其(qi)他個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)脫皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。2齡(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)仍群(qun)(qun)集(ji)(ji)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片下(xia)面取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片大部吃掉，有時(shi)(shi)余下(xia)中(zhong)脈微管(guan)束。3齡(ling)以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)可(ke)(ke)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片正面、幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嫩枝干和葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄處取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)，直到化(hua)蛹前也(ye)大多(duo)保持聚(ju)(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)習性，但群(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)(ti)會越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)小，個(ge)(ge)別個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)會離群(qun)(qun)活(huo)動。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片、卷須和嫩莖(jing)，可(ke)(ke)將(jiang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)殆盡(jin)，偶(ou)爾(er)會取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)老(lao)黃的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片。食(shi)(shi)物不(bu)(bu)(bu)足時(shi)(shi)，也(ye)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)莖(jing)的(de)(de)表皮(pi)(pi)(pi)。老(lao)熟幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)喜在(zai)較為開(kai)闊干燥的(de)(de)地方化(hua)蛹，如寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片下(xia)、養蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)杯(bei)蓋下(xia)及(ji)飼養籠的(de)(de)頂部。越(yue)(yue)冬幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)仍然取(qu)(qu)食(shi)(shi)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植物基部莖(jing)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)，而未進入滯育(yu)狀(zhuang)態。

價值及其他

主要價值

紅鋸蛺(jia)蝶是國產蛺(jia)蝶中(zhong)最艷麗(li)的(de)種(zhong)類之一。成蟲飛行低矮、緩慢，非常適合(he)在蝴蝶觀賞園(yuan)中(zhong)使用，也是工藝制作(zuo)和(he)喜慶放飛的(de)優(you)良蝶種(zhong)。對經濟和(he)園(yuan)林植(zhi)物無(wu)危害(hai)記錄，各地(di)放飛利(li)用的(de)生態(tai)風(feng)險較低。世(shi)代周(zhou)期短，卵聚產，幼蟲群集取食，適合(he)室(shi)內飼(si)養，應(ying)在南(nan)方各地(di)大量(liang)推廣養殖。