芒果视频下载

基本介紹

紅鋸(ju)蛺(jia)蝶(die)(Cethosia bibles Drury)為鱗翅目(Lep-idopterd)、蛺(jia)蝶(die)科(Nymphalidae)昆蟲(chong)，國內分(fen)布于江(jiang)西、福建、廣(guang)東、廣(guang)西、海(hai)南、四川(chuan)、云(yun)南，幼(you)蟲(chong)寄(ji)主植物為西番蓮(Passifloraceae)。中國有3個亞種(zhong)。紅鋸(ju)蛺(jia)蝶(die)因體態優美(mei)、色彩艷麗，具有較高的觀賞價值，在觀光蝴蝶(die)園和蝴蝶(die)工藝品中大(da)量使用。

生長與分布

分布范圍

國內分布于江西、福建、廣(guang)東、海南、廣(guang)西、四川(chuan)、云南。

國外分布于緬甸、泰國、馬來西亞、尼泊爾、錫金(jin)、不丹、印度。

生活史

在西雙(shuang)版納該(gai)蝶(die)1年7代，以第7代3齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬，越(yue)冬時間從每年的12月(yue)起至次(ci)年2月(yue)中旬止(zhi)。其(qi)余各代歷期(qi)35—40d，室內21—28℃下，卵期(qi)8-11d，幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)12—16d，蛹期(qi)8—9d，雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)壽(shou)命12—18d，雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)壽(shou)命6—10d。幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)共4齡，1—2齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)嫩葉，喜(xi)群(qun)集；3—4齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)食(shi)嫩葉、嫩枝和(he)老(lao)葉；齡幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)還取(qu)(qu)食(shi)莖的綠色表皮，其(qi)食(shi)量占(zhan)整個(ge)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)的78.98%。幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)喜(xi)食(shi)三開(kai)瓢，成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)喜(xi)訪馬(ma)纓(ying)丹、仙丹花、九重葛等有花植物。在人工飼養條件下，成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的交(jiao)配率(lv)和(he)產卵量與網室的大小(xiao)和(he)蝴蝶(die)的密度有關(guan)。

形態及特征

雄蝶翅(chi)(chi)正面橘紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)，兩(liang)翅(chi)(chi)具黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)鋸(ju)狀外(wai)緣。前翅(chi)(chi)中室(shi)內(nei)有(you)幾(ji)條黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)橫線(xian)，中室(shi)端(duan)有(you)2個(ge)小白(bai)(bai)(bai)斑(ban)(ban)，中域有(you)1列“V”字形白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)（4—5個(ge)），其(qi)外(wai)有(you)1列白(bai)(bai)(bai)斑(ban)(ban)，黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)外(wai)緣帶上具白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)“（”形斑(ban)(ban)列。雌翅(chi)(chi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)淡(dan)，有(you)的呈灰色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。翅(chi)(chi)反面黃褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)橙黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)紋(wen)(wen)特殊，兩(liang)翅(chi)(chi)有(you)淡(dan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)中橫帶及后中橫帶，其(qi)間(jian)有(you)橄欖形黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)環(huan)列，每個(ge)環(huan)外(wai)側有(you)2個(ge)小黑點；前翅(chi)(chi)中室(shi)內(nei)有(you)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)和白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)橫帶，其(qi)間(jian)有(you)黑色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)細(xi)條紋(wen)(wen)。

生活習性

成蟲習性

野外成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)多(duo)(duo)活動于林間空地(di)、林緣(yuan)向陽開(kai)闊地(di)帶，有(you)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)在(zai)平原地(di)區尋找(zhao)蜜源(yuan)植(zhi)物。喜(xi)訪馬纓丹(dan)花，有(you)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)取(qu)食(shi)發(fa)酵水果汁液(ye)、甚至動物糞便(bian)。在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)園內，紅色、橙色和(he)黃色等顏(yan)色的(de)(de)花對成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)最有(you)吸引力，鋪有(you)紅布的(de)(de)喂食(shi)盤能吸引大量(liang)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)食(shi)。靜(jing)止取(qu)食(shi)時(shi)(shi)翅(chi)膀(bang)大多(duo)(duo)合攏(long)，偶(ou)(ou)(ou)而將翅(chi)膀(bang)展開(kai)。飛行(xing)低(di)緩，休息時(shi)(shi)常停棲在(zai)低(di)矮灌(guan)叢上(shang)(shang)，翅(chi)膀(bang)合攏(long)，但上(shang)(shang)午(wu)有(you)展開(kai)翅(chi)膀(bang)曬太陽的(de)(de)習性(xing)。雌(ci)(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)前圍繞寄(ji)主植(zhi)株下部長時(shi)(shi)間飛行(xing)，尋找(zhao)適宜的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)位(wei)置。如(ru)無(wu)驚擾(rao)，雌(ci)(ci)蝶一(yi)天(tian)內只產(chan)(chan)(chan)一(yi)次卵(luan)。卵(luan)大多(duo)(duo)聚產(chan)(chan)(chan)在(zai)寄(ji)主卷須、葉(xie)(xie)片反面(mian)、嫩(nen)葉(xie)(xie)和(he)嫩(nen)枝上(shang)(shang)，偶(ou)(ou)(ou)爾(er)也(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)片正面(mian)和(he)嫩(nen)芽上(shang)(shang)，卵(luan)粒(li)呈(cheng)片狀或串(chuan)狀分布，每片或串(chuan)12～134粒(li)卵(luan)。每產(chan)(chan)(chan)下數粒(li)卵(luan)后，成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)即向前輕微移動位(wei)置。卵(luan)塊(kuai)中卵(luan)粒(li)的(de)(de)數量(liang)與雌(ci)(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)中有(you)無(wu)驚擾(rao)及成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)日齡有(you)關(guan)。求偶(ou)(ou)(ou)行(xing)為屬(shu)典型的(de)(de)“巡(xun)游型”，雄成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)對于地(di)面(mian)已死亡(wang)的(de)(de)雌(ci)(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)也(ye)感興趣，未發(fa)現其(qi)有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)領域(yu)性(xing)。交(jiao)配(pei)發(fa)生在(zai)晴天(tian)上(shang)(shang)午(wu)，交(jiao)配(pei)場所(suo)多(duo)(duo)在(zai)植(zhi)物葉(xie)(xie)片下等隱蔽處，有(you)時(shi)(shi)也(ye)在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)卵(luan)園壁上(shang)(shang)。交(jiao)配(pei)時(shi)(shi)兩成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)翅(chi)膀(bang)合攏(long)、豎立背面(mian)，呈(cheng)“一(yi)”字排列。受(shou)到驚擾(rao)時(shi)(shi)，雄成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)帶著雌(ci)(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)離去。

幼蟲習性

1～5齡(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)均有強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)集習性(xing)，尤(you)以1～3齡(ling)(ling)(ling)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集群(qun)(qun)密度最大(da)(da)。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)在上午(wu)孵(fu)化(hua)。孵(fu)化(hua)時，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)以頭部(bu)頂開(kai)卵(luan)蓋爬(pa)出(chu)。不(bu)(bu)少胚(pei)胎(tai)在胚(pei)胎(tai)發育后(hou)(hou)期(qi)死(si)亡。初孵(fu)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)卵(luan)殼(ke)后(hou)(hou)在附近(jin)(jin)等候(hou)同(tong)卵(luan)塊或(huo)卵(luan)串的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)孵(fu)化(hua)，并不(bu)(bu)立即尋找適宜位置取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)。同(tong)一卵(luan)塊中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)卵(luan)全部(bu)孵(fu)化(hua)后(hou)(hou)，所有幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)群(qun)(qun)集在幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嫩(nen)葉(xie)(xie)片反面(mian)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)聚(ju)(ju)集在靠近(jin)(jin)葉(xie)(xie)尖(jian)部(bu)位，有時多(duo)達近(jin)(jin)百(bai)只，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)葉(xie)(xie)肉和表皮，余下(xia)中(zhong)脈(mo)和較粗(cu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)側(ce)脈(mo)，有時也(ye)余下(xia)上表皮，在葉(xie)(xie)緣留下(xia)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)缺刻，或(huo)在葉(xie)(xie)片上形成寬大(da)(da)及(ji)網狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)孔。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)將該葉(xie)(xie)片食(shi)盡(jin)后(hou)(hou)集體(ti)轉移。個(ge)別幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)在活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)暫時脫離(li)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)，稍后(hou)(hou)也(ye)能再(zai)次(ci)加(jia)入集體(ti)。如幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)偶爾掉落地(di)(di)面(mian)或(huo)由于其(qi)(qi)他原因(yin)遠離(li)原來群(qun)(qun)體(ti)，在重新爬(pa)上寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)后(hou)(hou)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)尋找其(qi)(qi)他同(tong)種幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)加(jia)入，即使齡(ling)(ling)(ling)期(qi)不(bu)(bu)一致。如果寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)株上沒有同(tong)種幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)，失散幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)也(ye)加(jia)入到同(tong)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)白(bai)帶鋸蛺蝶幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)中(zhong)。常有大(da)(da)量幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)聚(ju)(ju)集在寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)卷須上脫皮，原因(yin)還(huan)不(bu)(bu)清(qing)楚(chu)。臨近(jin)(jin)脫皮時，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)胸腹部(bu)各節腫脹，尤(you)以前胸明顯，頭部(bu)前伸(shen)。先脫皮的(de)(de)(de)(de)個(ge)體(ti)仍靜候(hou)同(tong)群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)他個(ge)體(ti)脫皮。2齡(ling)(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)仍群(qun)(qun)集寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)葉(xie)(xie)片下(xia)面(mian)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)，可將葉(xie)(xie)片大(da)(da)部(bu)吃掉，有時余下(xia)中(zhong)脈(mo)微(wei)管束。3齡(ling)(ling)(ling)以后(hou)(hou)，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)可聚(ju)(ju)集在葉(xie)(xie)片正面(mian)、幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)嫩(nen)枝干和葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)處取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)，直(zhi)到化(hua)蛹前也(ye)大(da)(da)多(duo)保持聚(ju)(ju)集習性(xing)，但群(qun)(qun)體(ti)會(hui)(hui)越來越小，個(ge)別個(ge)體(ti)會(hui)(hui)離(li)群(qun)(qun)活(huo)動(dong)。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)葉(xie)(xie)片、卷須和嫩(nen)莖(jing)，可將葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)殆盡(jin)，偶爾會(hui)(hui)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)老(lao)黃的(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)片。食(shi)物(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)足時，也(ye)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)(zhu)莖(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表皮。老(lao)熟幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)喜在較為開(kai)闊干燥的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方化(hua)蛹，如寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)葉(xie)(xie)片下(xia)、養(yang)蟲(chong)杯蓋下(xia)及(ji)飼(si)養(yang)籠的(de)(de)(de)(de)頂部(bu)。越冬幼(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)仍然(ran)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)寄(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)基部(bu)莖(jing)皮，而未進入滯育狀(zhuang)態。

價值及其他

主要價值

紅(hong)鋸蛺蝶是國產蛺蝶中(zhong)最艷麗(li)的種(zhong)類(lei)之一。成蟲飛(fei)行低矮、緩慢，非常適合(he)(he)在(zai)蝴蝶觀賞(shang)園中(zhong)使用，也(ye)是工(gong)藝(yi)制作和喜慶(qing)放(fang)飛(fei)的優良蝶種(zhong)。對經濟和園林(lin)植物無危害(hai)記錄，各地放(fang)飛(fei)利用的生態風(feng)險(xian)較低。世代周期短，卵聚產，幼蟲群集取食(shi)，適合(he)(he)室內(nei)飼養，應在(zai)南方(fang)各地大(da)量(liang)推廣養殖。