位置境域
西(xi)瑤綠谷國(guo)家森林公(gong)園(yuan)位于(yu)湖南省(sheng)臨武(wu)縣(xian)西(xi)南部,地處湘(xiang)粵邊境南嶺山脈萌渚(zhu)嶺九嶷(yi)山支脈東(dong)(dong)段,東(dong)(dong)臨臨武(wu)縣(xian)雙溪鄉,西(xi)接藍山縣(xian),南與廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)連縣(xian)交界,北(bei)(bei)和本縣(xian)城關、花塘、武(wu)源鄉接壤(rang)。地理(li)坐標(biao)為東(dong)(dong)經112°21′23″~112°30′21″,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)25°08′27″~25°18′52″。最(zui)高(gao)海拔(ba)1711.8米,最(zui)低海拔(ba)320米,總面積(ji)12441公(gong)頃,其中水域面積(ji)達268公(gong)頃。公(gong)園(yuan)東(dong)(dong)大門(men)距(ju)縣(xian)城7公(gong)里(li),距(ju)衡武(wu)高(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)出口10公(gong)里(li)。
地理
本區的(de)地(di)質構造(zao)為(wei)燕山運動形(xing)成, 其主(zhu)要(yao)形(xing)跡是(shi)北(bei)(bei)東(dong)、北(bei)(bei)北(bei)(bei)東(dong)向(xiang)構造(zao)。地(di)層主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)寒武系。公園(yuan)境內群峰競(jing)秀, 溝(gou)谷(gu)縱橫, 山坡(po)陡峭,溪水(shui)部分由北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)南(nan)經武水(shui)流出(chu)(chu), 部分由南(nan)向(xiang)北(bei)(bei)經舂(chong)陵水(shui)流出(chu)(chu)。最(zui)(zui)高海(hai)拔 1711.8米(mi), 最(zui)(zui)低海(hai)拔320米(mi), 相對(dui)高差為(wei) 1391.8米(mi)。地(di)貌類型為(wei)中山地(di)貌。
境內成土母巖(yan)主要是侏羅(luo)紀(ji)的(de)花崗巖(yan), 其次為寒武紀(ji)的(de)砂巖(yan)、板巖(yan)、泥盆(pen)紀(ji)的(de)粉砂巖(yan)。砂質(zhi)頁巖(yan)及白堊紀(ji)的(de)紫紅色砂質(zhi)泥巖(yan)等。其分化發育的(de)土壤(rang)(rang)主要有:紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)、草(cao)甸(dian)土及少量非地帶性的(de)酸性紫色土。
公園屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶季(ji)風濕潤(run)氣候(hou)區, 為亞(ya)熱(re)帶內陸濕潤(run)氣候(hou)類型。境內四(si)季(ji)分明, 冬(dong)無嚴(yan)寒, 夏(xia)無酷暑(shu),光照充足。年平均降水量保持在1500—1900毫米之間,年平均氣溫16℃左右,具有良好的(de)霧、雪自然景(jing)觀和涼爽的(de)氣候(hou)特色。
境內溪流(liu)縱橫, 河(he)流(liu)小溪眾(zhong)多, 主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)有舂陵水(shui)和武水(shui)。公園(yuan)內的(de)分水(shui)坳(ao)是(shi)珠江流(liu)域和湘江流(liu)域的(de)分水(shui)嶺(ling), 山之南, 是(shi)珠江水(shui)系, 山之北, 是(shi)湘江水(shui)系。
自然資源
植物資源
從整(zheng)體上來看公(gong)園(yuan)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)植被水(shui)平(ping)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)大致可以(yi)分(fen)(fen)為以(yi)下幾(ji)類:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)針(zhen)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。馬尾松(song)(Pinus massoniana )、杉木、柳杉(Cryp tom eria fortunei)等(deng)于公(gong)園(yuan)中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)最廣、最多(duo); 二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)常(chang)綠(lv)闊葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)、常(chang)綠(lv)落(luo)(luo)(luo)葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。該類林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)廣但沒(mei)有集中(zhong)連片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian), 而且(qie)優勢樹種(zhong)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)明顯。主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)甜(tian)櫧(zhu)(Castanop sis eyrei)、水(shui)青岡(Fagusongipetiolata )、猴(hou)歡喜(Sloanea sinensis)、薄葉(xie)潤楠 (M achilus oculodracontis) 等(deng)為優勢種(zhong)的(de)(de)群落(luo)(luo)(luo),多(duo)位于溝(gou)谷、山沖兩岸; 三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)(luo)(luo)葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。主要(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于公(gong)園(yuan)西部、西南部及北(bei)部一小部分(fen)(fen)等(deng);四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)木林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)杜鵑灌(guan)叢(Rhododendron sim sii), 多(duo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)于公(gong)園(yuan)北(bei)部和東北(bei)部; 五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)。公(gong)園(yuan)內毛竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)較(jiao)多(duo),也比較(jiao)集中(zhong),多(duo)與甜(tian)櫧(zhu)等(deng)常(chang)綠(lv)樹種(zhong)混生, 構(gou)成森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)下層(ceng)結構(gou)。
根據調查(cha)初步統(tong)計(ji)(ji),公(gong)園(yuan)共有(you)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu) 213科(ke)(ke),787屬(shu),1729 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 其 中(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 物(wu)(wu) 175 科(ke)(ke), 699 屬(shu),1 515種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 占湖(hu)南(nan)全(quan)省種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數 (約(yue) 6100種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) ) 的(de)(de)24.84%。這說(shuo)明該(gai)處植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資源的(de)(de)豐富性。本區有(you) 12個科(ke)(ke)級(ji)(ji)分布類(lei)型、 14個屬(shu)級(ji)(ji)分布類(lei)型、14個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)級(ji)(ji)分布類(lei)型, 分析表明該(gai)地植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)區系(xi)具有(you)較強的(de)(de)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)性質,體現出中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)向(xiang)南(nan)亞(ya)熱帶(dai)過渡的(de)(de)特點, 地理(li)成分多樣。公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)眾(zhong)(zhong)多, 其中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家一(yi)級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you):南(nan)方紅豆 杉(Taxus chinensis var1mairei)、水杉(栽(zai)(zai)培 )、鐘萼木(mu)(伯樂樹 ); 國(guo)家二級(ji)(ji)保(bao)護的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 如華(hua)南(nan)五針松 (P inus kwangtungensis)、福建柏(bo) (Fokienia hodginsii)、凹葉厚樸(Magnolia officinalis ssp biloba)、樟樹(Cinnamomum camphora)、閩楠(Phoebe bournei )、金蕎麥(Fagopyrum dibotrys)、翅莢木(mu)(Zenia insignis)、野大豆(G lycine soja)、花櫚木(mu) (Ormosia henryi)、半楓荷 ( Sem iliquidambar cathayensis )、櫸(ju)樹( Zelkova schneideriana )、川黃檗(bo) (Phellodendron chinense Schneid)(栽(zai)(zai)培)、紅椿 (T oona ciliata)、喜樹 ( Camp totheca acum inata)、中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)結(jie)縷草 (Zoysia sinica); 湖(hu)南(nan)省級(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you) 32 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 常見的(de)(de)有(you):紅花木(mu)蓮(Manglietia insignis)、金葉含笑(Michelia foveolata)、八角(jiao)蓮 (Dysosma versipellis) 等; 另外蘭科(ke)(ke)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)初步統(tong)計(ji)(ji)有(you) 22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。公(gong)園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)古樹名木(mu)眾(zhong)(zhong)多, 包括南(nan)方紅豆杉、甜櫧、楓香 (Liquidam bar formosana)、水青岡等, 僅沿小道、溪河調查(cha), 初步估計(ji)(ji)約(yue) 60000余株, 他們(men)為公(gong)園(yuan)構筑了豐富的(de)(de)景(jing)觀(guan)。
野生動物
公(gong)園動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)理區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)劃屬(shu)東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)華(hua)(hua)中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)西部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)高(gao)原(yuan)亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。又因(yin)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)處東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)華(hua)(hua)中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)西部(bu)(bu)(bu)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)高(gao)原(yuan)亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)東(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)丘陵平原(yuan)亞區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的過(guo)(guo)渡區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu), 東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)華(hua)(hua)中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)華(hua)(hua)南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)的過(guo)(guo)渡區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)兩(liang)個區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)均在(zai)此(ci)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)間滲(shen)透, 故動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系組成(cheng)表(biao)現出以東(dong)洋(yang)(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei), 特別是以華(hua)(hua)中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)與(yu)華(hua)(hua)南(nan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)主, 南(nan)北混(hun)雜的特征。據調(diao)查:公(gong)園內有(you) 223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu), 其(qi)中(zhong)陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 201種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 魚類(lei)(lei) 22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 33種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong), 占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的 16.42% 。其(qi)中(zhong)蟒蛇(Python molurus)、黃(huang)腹角雉 (Tragopan caboti)、林(lin)麝(she) (Moschus berezorskii)、云豹 (Neofiles nebulosa)等4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu); 大鯢 (A ndrias davidianus)、虎紋蛙(wa)(Hoplobatrachus rugulosus )、黑鳶 (Milvus m igrans)等 29種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)保護(hu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。另有(you) 139種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)屬(shu)于“國(guo)家(jia)(jia)保護(hu)的有(you)益的或(huo)者有(you)重要經(jing)濟、科學(xue)研究價值的陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”, 占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)數的69.15% 。公(gong)園有(you)39種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)列入瀕(bin)危野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公(gong)約, 占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)數的 19.40% 。
其他資源
公園(yuan)地文(wen)景觀資(zi)源的巖石(shi)類型均(jun)為花崗巖石(shi); 近看山峰兀立, 怪石(shi)嶙峋。主(zhu)要景點有(you)西(xi)瑤(yao)石(shi)佛、塔公塔母、石(shi)緣洞、元寶石(shi)、猴面(mian)石(shi)、通天(tian)門、仙人(ren)遺(yi)鞋、神(shen)龜(gui)峰等。公園(yuan)天(tian)象(xiang)景資(zi)源有(you)西(xi)山霽雪(xue)、西(xi)瑤(yao)日(ri)出、長河晚霞等。
公園內(nei)水(shui)文景(jing)觀資源豐富,沿(yan)河、溪遍布(bu)(bu)數十處深(shen)潭、瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu), 也是公園內(nei)一大(da)亮點。主要景(jing)點有長(chang)河水(shui)庫、文昌坪瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)、桃源瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)、雙龍瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)、天鵝塘、半月潭、翡(fei)翠池等(deng)。公園人文景(jing)觀資源包括烈士墓、防空哨所、分水(shui)坳(ao)大(da)壩、瞭(liao)望臺、西山引水(shui)工程一號隧(sui)洞等(deng)。
景區景觀
綠谷瀑布
核心(xin)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)區(qu)位于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)西北部鳳(feng)凰嶺,面積683.1公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面積的(de)(de)(de)5.5%。景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)森林植被繁茂,水文(wen)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)十(shi)分豐(feng)富,區(qu)內(nei)(nei)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)點多(duo)、體(ti)量(liang)大(da)、為公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)華所在,也是公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)著(zhu)力(li)打造的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)。景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)區(qu)內(nei)(nei)溝谷森林景(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)獨具(ju)特色,區(qu)內(nei)(nei)有(you)叉江溪(xi)縱橫穿(chuan)過,峽谷兩岸山(shan)峰壁(bi)立,環境僻靜清幽,空(kong)氣負離子(zi)含(han)量(liang)高(gao),兩側茂密(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)次生林沿(yan)溪(xi)溝蜿蜒密(mi)(mi)布,在長度不到400米的(de)(de)(de)溪(xi)溝內(nei)(nei)密(mi)(mi)布著(zhu)天棧(zhan)潭、蒙沖(chong)、雙龍、文(wen)昌(chang)坪等四座各具(ju)特色的(de)(de)(de)大(da)瀑布,形成一(yi)處罕見的(de)(de)(de)瀑布群。是適合(he)開展(zhan)“舂陵尋源”及綠谷徒(tu)步(bu)觀(guan)(guan)光旅游的(de)(de)(de)場所。
長河
長河(he)(he)景區(qu)位于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的北(bei)(bei)部,面(mian)積(ji)2567.0公(gong)(gong)頃,占公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)的20.63%。景區(qu)北(bei)(bei)部分(fen)布有(you)(you)長河(he)(he)水(shui)庫(ku),水(shui)庫(ku)于(yu)1965年動工,1971年5月建(jian)成,水(shui)面(mian)面(mian)積(ji)213公(gong)(gong)頃,最(zui)深處達39.5米(mi),水(shui)庫(ku)總庫(ku)容(rong)4088萬立方米(mi),水(shui)庫(ku)是(shi)臨武縣人民的飲用水(shui)源地,水(shui)質清澈甘(gan)甜。長河(he)(he)水(shui)庫(ku)水(shui)面(mian)十分(fen)開(kai)(kai)闊,湖(hu)岸線曲(qu)折(zhe)蜿蜒(yan),景色富(fu)于(yu)變化(hua),是(shi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)水(shui)上(shang)娛樂(le)、環湖(hu)觀光游(you)覽的地方。景區(qu)谷富(fu)塘境(jing)內有(you)(you)一(yi)處喀斯特地貌天然(ran)溶洞(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)內幽(you)(you)靜深邃,洞(dong)(dong)連(lian)著洞(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)內曲(qu)折(zhe)幽(you)(you)深,各廳的壁(bi)上(shang)可見(jian)到石羊、石鳥等(deng)奇異“壁(bi)畫”,適合開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)洞(dong)(dong)穴游(you)覽等(deng)活動。
分水坳
分(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)坳(ao)景(jing)(jing)區位于公(gong)(gong)園中(zhong)部,面積3157.3公(gong)(gong)頃,占(zhan)公(gong)(gong)園總面積的(de)(de)(de)25.38%。景(jing)(jing)區內群峰聳立,山(shan)(shan)坡(po)陡峭、地(di)形地(di)貌奇(qi)特,臨(lin)武縣最高(gao)峰海(hai)拔1711.8米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)頭嶺(ling)就位于該區。境內還有海(hai)拔1470米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)三峰嶺(ling),是臨(lin)武的(de)(de)(de)母親河武水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)源地(di),也是登高(gao)覽勝的(de)(de)(de)絕佳場所。景(jing)(jing)區內的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)坳(ao)是珠江流域(yu)和(he)湘江流域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)嶺(ling),山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)南,是珠江水(shui)(shui)系(xi),山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)北,是湘江水(shui)(shui)系(xi)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)坳(ao)也是著(zhu)(zhu)名的(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)武八景(jing)(jing)之(zhi)一“西山(shan)(shan)霽雪”的(de)(de)(de)最佳觀(guan)賞處。景(jing)(jing)區內多高(gao)山(shan)(shan),高(gao)山(shan)(shan)上集中(zhong)連片分(fen)(fen)(fen)布著(zhu)(zhu)大片的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)草甸、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)杜鵑(juan),還有省內少見的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)濕地(di)-天(tian)鵝(e)塘(tang)。每(mei)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)4、5月間,山(shan)(shan)頂數(shu)千畝的(de)(de)(de)杜鵑(juan)花漫(man)山(shan)(shan)遍野迎風怒放,景(jing)(jing)致(zhi)十分(fen)(fen)(fen)壯觀(guan)。
桃源坪
桃源(yuan)坪(ping)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)位于公園西部,面積(ji)2048.2公頃(qing),占公園總面積(ji)的16.46%,景(jing)區(qu)(qu)內森林植被繁(fan)茂,溝(gou)(gou)谷(gu)縱橫,珍(zhen)稀野生動植物資源(yuan)眾多(duo),水文景(jing)觀(guan)十(shi)分豐富。景(jing)區(qu)(qu)內溝(gou)(gou)谷(gu)森林景(jing)觀(guan)獨具特(te)色,一(yi)條條綠色峽谷(gu)密布其(qi)中,其(qi)中特(te)色鮮明的綠谷(gu)有大(da)(da)江(jiang)溪(xi),溪(xi)溝(gou)(gou)中溝(gou)(gou)壑深(shen)幽,潭(tan)(tan)、池(chi)(chi)密布且數量(liang)眾多(duo),溪(xi)溝(gou)(gou)內每(mei)隔不到(dao)100米就有一(yi)個深(shen)潭(tan)(tan)或淺池(chi)(chi),在不到(dao)3千米的距(ju)離(li)內分布有大(da)(da)大(da)(da)小小的潭(tan)(tan)、池(chi)(chi)共(gong)30余(yu)處,有半月(yue)(yue)潭(tan)(tan)、翡翠池(chi)(chi)、洗心池(chi)(chi)、鱷魚潭(tan)(tan)、碧沙潭(tan)(tan)、靜月(yue)(yue)潭(tan)(tan)等(deng)等(deng)。大(da)(da)江(jiang)溪(xi)水量(liang)豐富,峽谷(gu)落(luo)差明顯(xian),也是適合(he)開展(zhan)峽谷(gu)漂流的場(chang)所。景(jing)區(qu)(qu)內桃源(yuan)坪(ping)是瑤(yao)族(zu)聚居地,民族(zu)文化積(ji)淀較(jiao)深(shen)。
黃木坳
黃(huang)木坳(ao)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)位于(yu)公(gong)(gong)園南(nan)部,面積2205.4公(gong)(gong)頃,占公(gong)(gong)園總面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)17.73%,景(jing)(jing)區(qu)緊鄰廣東(dong)省,距公(gong)(gong)園管(guan)理局較(jiao)遠(yuan),交(jiao)通十分不便,區(qu)內森(sen)林茂密(mi),溝谷、溪流(liu)縱橫,且(qie)大多處(chu)于(yu)原始狀態,是開(kai)展(zhan)科(ke)教(jiao)科(ke)考探(tan)險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)選地(di)方。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內魚竹沖溝谷神秘幽靜,人跡罕至,溝內原始次生(sheng)林密(mi)布,保存有兼(jian)具溫帶性與熱帶性成(cheng)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)植物種(zhong)類,珍(zhen)稀野生(sheng)動植物數量眾多,適合進行科(ke)教(jiao)科(ke)考探(tan)險(xian)游。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)內地(di)文景(jing)(jing)觀體量大,其中最具代表性的(de)(de)(de)(de)景(jing)(jing)點(dian)是“塔(ta)公(gong)(gong)塔(ta)婆”。還(huan)有“神龜峰(feng)”、“獸形石”、“紅(hong)巖峰(feng)”、“四仙護塔(ta)”等地(di)文景(jing)(jing)觀也堪稱經(jing)典。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)風(feng)界是候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)遷徙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要通道,每年的(de)(de)(de)(de)春秋兩季是候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)遷徙(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)季節(jie),成(cheng)群結隊的(de)(de)(de)(de)候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)從這(zhe)個通道往返遷徙(xi),其規模(mo)十分壯觀,在南(nan)風(feng)界修建候(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)觀測塔(ta)開(kai)展(zhan)生(sheng)態觀鳥(niao)活動可吸引(yin)愛鳥(niao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)游客前來。景(jing)(jing)區(qu)北部有一座解(jie)放戰爭(zheng)烈士墓,因(yin)年代久(jiu)遠(yuan)疏于(yu)管(guan)理,擬將(jiang)墓園進行整修擴建,為游客提(ti)供一處(chu)緬懷英烈,繼承革(ge)命傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育基地(di)。
開發建設
湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)西(xi)(xi)瑤(yao)綠谷(gu)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林公園(yuan)是(shi)在原西(xi)(xi)山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)林場的基礎上(shang)發展而來(lai),2009年經(jing)(jing)湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)省政府批(pi)(pi)準為(wei)省級(ji)(ji)森(sen)(sen)林公園(yuan),2010年經(jing)(jing)國(guo)家(jia)林業(ye)局批(pi)(pi)準為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)森(sen)(sen)林公園(yuan)。2011年3月,臨武縣(xian)成立了(le)(le)湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)西(xi)(xi)瑤(yao)綠谷(gu)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林公園(yuan)籌備委員會,經(jing)(jing)過近兩年時(shi)間的努力,編制(zhi)了(le)(le)公園(yuan)總(zong)體(ti)規劃和旅游(you)發展總(zong)體(ti)規劃,完成了(le)(le)叉江溪(xi)游(you)道、文昌坪(ping)四星級(ji)(ji)公廁等建設工程,啟動了(le)(le)進園(yuan)公路改(gai)擴(kuo)建建設工程。2012年3月5日,省、市、縣(xian)編制(zhi)部門正式批(pi)(pi)準成立湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)西(xi)(xi)瑤(yao)綠谷(gu)國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林公園(yuan)管理處,其性質為(wei)縣(xian)政府所屬的副(fu)處級(ji)(ji)事業(ye)單位。
2012年9月(yue)15日,西瑤綠谷(gu)探(tan)(tan)幽游(you)系列活動(dong)在美麗的西瑤綠谷(gu)國家森林(lin)公園舉(ju)行,來自全(quan)縣的300余名運動(dong)及書畫(hua)愛好者進行了3.5公里游(you)道生態賽跑、探(tan)(tan)幽游(you)、書法、繪畫(hua)四個項目(mu)的角逐。
交通
西瑤地處湘、粵(yue)兩省(sheng)交界邊區,距縣城近(jin),毗(pi)鄰廣東(dong)連(lian)州(zhou)市(shi)瑤安鎮和田(tian)心自然保護區,周圍旅游區聯接便(bian)利,有高速公(gong)路和國道(dao)、省(sheng)道(dao)相連(lian),最(zui)遠的距離也不會超(chao)過5個小時(shi)。
線路參考
一日游線路
1、公園(yuan)主大門-換乘(cheng)(cheng)環保旅游車(che)至(zhi)叉江口-步行溯叉江溪而上-鳳凰嶺(ling)-文昌坪(ping)-乘(cheng)(cheng)車(che)至(zhi)桃(tao)源坪(ping)(民俗風(feng)情園(yuan)、盤王廟(miao)、森(sen)林負氧離子吸納)-乘(cheng)(cheng)車(che)返回分水坳參觀科普(pu)宣教館-逛購物(wu)街-返回縣城(cheng)。
2、公園主大門-換乘環(huan)保(bao)旅(lv)游車(che)至(zhi)分水坳步(bu)行(xing)上天(tian)鵝塘(tang)(欣賞高(gao)山濕地、高(gao)山杜鵑)-返回分水坳-乘環(huan)保(bao)車(che)至(zhi)叉(cha)江口(kou)-步(bu)行(xing)沿叉(cha)江溪而上-文昌(chang)坪-乘車(che)至(zhi)桃源坪(民俗風情園、盤王廟、森林負氧離(li)子吸納)-乘車(che)返回分水坳參觀(guan)科普宣教館-逛購物(wu)街-返回縣城(cheng)。
3、公園(yuan)主大門-換乘(cheng)環保旅游(you)車至分(fen)水坳(ao)步(bu)行上天鵝塘-沿黑(hei)坑沖游(you)道而下-桃(tao)源坪(ping)-乘(cheng)車返回縣(xian)城。
4、公園(yuan)主(zhu)大門-換乘(cheng)環保旅游(you)(you)車(che)至長河水庫(ku)(步行、乘(cheng)船、自行車(che)環湖游(you)(you))-乘(cheng)車(che)至叉江口(游(you)(you)覽叉江溪(xi))-文昌坪-桃源坪-返回分水坳參觀科普宣(xuan)教館-逛購物街-返回縣城。
二日游線路
1、第(di)一天,乘(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)保旅游(you)車至長河水庫(ku)(步(bu)(bu)行、乘(cheng)(cheng)船、自行車環(huan)湖(hu)游(you))-石(shi)緣洞-精品(pin)果(guo)園-乘(cheng)(cheng)車至分(fen)水坳(ao)步(bu)(bu)行上天鵝塘-返回分(fen)水坳(ao)-科(ke)普宣(xuan)教館-逛(guang)購物街-夜宿(su)分(fen)水坳(ao)瑤王行宮。第(di)二天,住地(di)乘(cheng)(cheng)車至叉江口(kou)(游(you)覽叉江溪)-鳳凰嶺-文昌坪-桃源坪-烈士(shi)墓-黃木坳(ao)-塔山(shan)坪-平(ping)溪洞-返回縣城。
2、第(di)一天,公(gong)園主大(da)門(men)-乘(cheng)環(huan)保車至叉江口-步(bu)行沿叉江溪而(er)上(shang)(游覽叉江溪)-文(wen)昌坪(ping)-乘(cheng)車至桃源(yuan)坪(ping)-烈士墓(mu)-黃木坳(ao)(ao)-塔山坪(ping)-平溪洞-返回(hui)分(fen)水(shui)坳(ao)(ao)瑤王行宮住(zhu)宿。第(di)二天,住(zhu)地步(bu)行上(shang)天鵝塘(tang)-沿黑坑沖游道而(er)下-桃源(yuan)坪(ping)-返回(hui)分(fen)水(shui)坳(ao)(ao)參觀科(ke)普宣(xuan)教(jiao)館-逛購物街-長河水(shui)庫-石緣洞-精(jing)品果園-乘(cheng)車返回(hui)縣城。
民俗風情
公園(yuan)內(nei)主(zhu)要是(shi)瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)同(tong)胞(bao)(bao)聚居地(di),瑤(yao)文化(hua)(hua)、民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)風(feng)(feng)俗別具一(yi)格。其(qi)中比(bi)較(jiao)有特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)有瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)歌(ge)舞(wu)、瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)繡品(pin)、西山臘肉、西山米酒等(deng)文化(hua)(hua)習俗及土特(te)產品(pin)。瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)(hua)藝術奇葩——長鼓舞(wu),是(shi)瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)同(tong)胞(bao)(bao)最為獨(du)特(te)、古老、保存最為完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)文化(hua)(hua)藝術之一(yi)。這里有熱情好客、民(min)風(feng)(feng)淳樸(pu)的(de)(de)(de)瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)同(tong)胞(bao)(bao),有古老的(de)(de)(de)吊腳樓,有優美動(dong)聽(ting)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)歌(ge)舞(wu)和瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)繡品(pin),還(huan)有竹筒酒、臘肉、苦(ku)筍干等(deng)具有特(te)色的(de)(de)(de)農副產品(pin)。每年農歷(li)十月(yue)十六(liu)日,瑤(yao)族(zu)(zu)(zu)同(tong)胞(bao)(bao)們都會歡聚在一(yi)起(qi),殺豬宰羊(yang),筑起(qi)篝火,載(zai)歌(ge)載(zai)舞(wu),共(gong)度“盤王節(jie)”這一(yi)盛大節(jie)日。