簡介
貴州(zhou)省(sheng)仙(xian)鶴(he)坪國家森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位于珠江上(shang)游貴州(zhou)省(sheng)黔西南州(zhou)安(an)龍縣(xian)境內,地(di)(di)處(chu)云(yun)貴高原東(dong)南邊緣的斜坡地(di)(di)帶,公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總規劃面積9065公(gong)頃(qing),由仙(xian)鶴(he)坪景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、篤(du)山景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、平(ping)樂(le)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)和坡腳(jiao)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)四個景(jing)(jing)區(qu)所組成。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的自然地(di)(di)理環境獨特,喀(ka)斯(si)特地(di)(di)貌、森(sen)林(lin)、水文(wen)、生物、天象獨具特色,風土人情古(gu)樸深厚(hou),氣(qi)候(hou)涼爽宜人,是黔西南和滇黔桂(gui)交(jiao)界地(di)(di)區(qu)特色鮮明的生態旅游及(ji)避(bi)暑(shu)勝地(di)(di)。
興(xing)隆鎮的(de)(de)仙(xian)(xian)鶴坪大山(shan)(shan)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)是黔(qian)西(xi)南州常(chang)綠闊(kuo)葉(xie)林(lin)(lin)保存最(zui)好的(de)(de)地區,森(sen)林(lin)(lin)面積約(yue)666公頃(qing),山(shan)(shan)體(ti)最(zui)低海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為800多(duo)米(mi),最(zui)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)為1756米(mi),垂(chui)直高(gao)(gao)差900多(duo)米(mi),山(shan)(shan)體(ti)上溝谷(gu)縱(zong)橫(heng),有(you)(you)九(jiu)十九(jiu)道溝之說,從低海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)到高(gao)(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)植物(wu)區系組成在(zai)不斷的(de)(de)變化(hua),低海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)地帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)棕櫚(lv)科的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)焦,中海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)地帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)短梗四(si)(si)照花(hua)、宜昌(chang)潤楠(nan)、青(qing)岡、穗序鵝掌柴等(deng),高(gao)(gao)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)地帶(dai)(dai)有(you)(you)石(shi)果紅山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)、大廠茶(cha)、美味(wei)獼猴桃、水青(qing)岡、狹葉(xie)方竹(zhu)、皺葉(xie)玉山(shan)(shan)竹(zhu)、木(mu)蓮、含(han)笑、野草莓、馬尾樹等(deng)。仙(xian)(xian)鶴坪大山(shan)(shan)上森(sen)林(lin)(lin)植被重重疊疊,四(si)(si)季(ji)有(you)(you)花(hua)開,四(si)(si)季(ji)有(you)(you)果熟(shu),是竹(zhu)節人(ren)參(can)的(de)(de)故鄉,是黃柏的(de)(de)野生產地,是多(duo)種(zhong)野生動(dong)物(wu)棲息的(de)(de)場所。仙(xian)(xian)鶴坪大山(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)木(mu)種(zhong)類豐富(fu),有(you)(you)1000多(duo)畝(mu)的(de)(de)石(shi)果紅山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)林(lin)(lin),有(you)(you)4000多(duo)畝(mu)的(de)(de)方竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin),林(lin)(lin)中珍稀植物(wu)種(zhong)類極為豐富(fu)。仙(xian)(xian)鶴坪大山(shan)(shan)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率在(zai)90%以(yi)上,春來萬物(wu)復蘇,夏來百花(hua)爭妍(yan),秋來碩果累累,冬來茶(cha)花(hua)紅遍。
北部區(qu)的(de)(de)篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)、錢相鄉(xiang)主要森林(lin)(lin)(lin)為(wei)喀斯(si)特森林(lin)(lin)(lin),擁有(you)常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)、常綠落(luo)葉闊葉混(hun)交林(lin)(lin)(lin),森林(lin)(lin)(lin)類(lei)型有(you)小葉枇(pi)杷林(lin)(lin)(lin)、篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)懸竹林(lin)(lin)(lin)、翠(cui)柏林(lin)(lin)(lin)、貴(gui)州山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)核桃林(lin)(lin)(lin)、重(zhong)陽木(mu)(mu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、櫟類(lei)林(lin)(lin)(lin)、青岡林(lin)(lin)(lin)等。篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)懸竹林(lin)(lin)(lin)分布于(yu)篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)王院(yuan)村(cun)一帶,波浪起伏,猶(you)如(ru)無數條(tiao)綠色巨龍在(zai)舞,植被外貌景觀較為(wei)獨特。王院(yuan)的(de)(de)翠(cui)柏挺拔(ba)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂地帶,熬霜(shuang)斗雪(xue),四季蔥綠。打凼的(de)(de)重(zhong)陽木(mu)(mu)(水冬瓜(gua))古(gu)樹(shu)群映(ying)襯于(yu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水之間,將(jiang)自然文化(hua)和民族(zu)文化(hua)融合在(zai)一起,多株古(gu)木(mu)(mu)沿村(cun)中的(de)(de)步道(dao)和水邊生長,平(ping)均樹(shu)高17m,平(ping)均胸圍280cm,平(ping)均冠(guan)幅(fu)20m,平(ping)均樹(shu)齡約400年(nian)。其中最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)一株古(gu)重(zhong)陽木(mu)(mu)樹(shu)高18m,胸圍377cm,冠(guan)幅(fu)東西長24m,南北寬(kuan)26m,樹(shu)上長滿了(le)苔(tai)蘚(xian)、蕨類(lei)和衛矛科藤本(ben)植物。篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)石(shi)板的(de)(de)小葉枇(pi)杷,模式(shi)標(biao)本(ben)產地鎮寧黃果(guo)樹(shu)已較難見到,而篤(du)(du)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地區(qu)每年(nian)都開花結實(shi),繁衍正常。
仙鶴坪國家(jia)森(sen)林公(gong)園(yuan)是一個喀斯特自然博物館及(ji)侵蝕地貌的特殊(shu)地帶,是兩種地貌的結合體,兩種地貌均(jun)非常具有特色。仙鶴坪公(gong)園(yuan)內的峰(feng)(feng)林從興隆鎮(zhen)的下(xia)扎村(cun)、冗華村(cun)到平樂鄉、篤山鄉、錢相鄉、新安鎮(zhen)連成一片,登高(gao)而(er)望(wang),一望(wang)無(wu)際,群峰(feng)(feng)如(ru)(ru)海,蔚(yu)為壯觀,風(feng)景如(ru)(ru)畫。濃(nong)郁(yu)的布依(yi)族風(feng)情迎(ying)接著(zhu)各地的游(you)客。
仙鶴坪的植(zhi)物資源豐(feng)富。據不完全統計,園區內的植(zhi)物種類在2000種以上,有(you)藻類植(zhi)物、菌類植(zhi)物、地(di)衣(yi)植(zhi)物、苔蘚植(zhi)物、蕨(jue)類植(zhi)物和種子植(zhi)物等。木(mu)本植(zhi)物約(yue)800余種,其中喬木(mu)有(you)450種以上。
公園地理
公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)地(di)理坐標為(wei)北(bei)緯24°55′00″~25°20′25″,東經105°23′11″~105°40′00″。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)東部(bu)以(yi)安龍和(he)(he)冊亨(heng)(heng)縣的(de)縣界(jie)(jie)為(wei)界(jie)(jie),南部(bu)以(yi)安龍和(he)(he)冊亨(heng)(heng)縣的(de)縣界(jie)(jie)及(ji)南盤(pan)江為(wei)界(jie)(jie),西部(bu)接安龍縣德臥(wo)鎮、木咱鎮、324國(guo)道坡(po)腳(jiao)至安龍段、新安鎮鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)(箐(qing)山(shan)村、銅鼓井(jing)村除外(wai))、錢(qian)相鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)(打凼(dang)村除外(wai)),北(bei)部(bu)接龍山(shan)鎮鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)級貞豐(feng)縣縣界(jie)(jie)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)9065公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing),含坡(po)腳(jiao)景區(qu)(qu)、仙鶴(he)坪景區(qu)(qu)、平樂(le)景區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)篤山(shan)景區(qu)(qu),四個景區(qu)(qu)連成一片。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)行政(zheng)區(qu)(qu)域涉及(ji)安龍縣興隆鎮、平樂(le)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、篤山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、坡(po)腳(jiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、錢(qian)相鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)(he)新安鎮。 公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率 70% 原始林(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 570.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)次(ci)生林(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 5775公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing) 人(ren)工(gong)林(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 33公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 6345.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing) 國(guo)有林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 47公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)集體林(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 6028.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing) 其它林(lin)(lin)(lin)地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji) 270.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)
公園氣(qi)候屬中亞熱帶季風氣(qi)候區,年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15℃~19.3℃,最熱月(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)22.3℃~26℃,最冷月(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)(wen)6.4℃~10.1℃,常年最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)35℃~39℃,常年最低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-1℃~-7℃,極端最高溫(wen)(wen)41℃,極端最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)-12℃。年日照(zhao)時數1359~1607.4小時,光能輻射量98.85千卡/平方厘米~106.53千卡/平方厘米,日照(zhao)百(bai)分率31%~36%。年積溫(wen)(wen)5694℃~7044.5℃,≥0℃的(de)有348~365天(tian);≥10℃有247~297天(tian),積溫(wen)(wen)4639.2℃~6281.9℃;≥20℃的(de)有88~146天(tian),積溫(wen)(wen)1888.4℃~3592.3℃;無霜(shuang)期277~320天(tian)。
公園(yuan)區(qu)年降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)1126.9mm~1289.8mm,降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)分配不均,5~8月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)777.9~809.9mm,占(zhan)全年降(jiang)(jiang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)65.27%~71%。夏(xia)半(ban)年降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)全年降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)的83.2~83.3%,冬半(ban)年降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)全年降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)16.7%~16.8%。一年中降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)(liang)冬季(ji)最少,占(zhan)5%,春季(ji)較少,占(zhan)23.4%,夏(xia)季(ji)最多,占(zhan)51.8%,秋季(ji)比春季(ji)為少,占(zhan)19.6%。空(kong)氣(qi)相對濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)年均為81%,7~8月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)為84%,3~4月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)低于75%,酸性土(tu)地區(qu)的空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)大于鈣質土(tu)地區(qu),如仙鶴(he)坪大山(shan)的空(kong)氣(qi)濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)較高。公園(yuan)區(qu)的干燥度(du)(du)(du)為1.27度(du)(du)(du)至1.45度(du)(du)(du)。
公(gong)園(yuan)區較少降雪(xue)(xue),往(wang)往(wang)幾(ji)年(nian)一次,積雪(xue)(xue)厚度可達10~15cm,降雪(xue)(xue)時間為冬季,近年(nian)來降雪(xue)(xue)頻率(lv)有(you)增高的趨勢(shi)。公(gong)園(yuan)內主要自然災害有(you):干旱、冰雹、暴雨洪澇、低(di)溫霜(shuang)凍、倒(dao)春寒(han)、秋寒(han)、滑坡等。
公(gong)園區氣候中仙鶴(he)坪大山一(yi)帶(dai)多霧、多陰雨,喀斯特(te)地區“冬(dong)無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑,四(si)季如春,一(yi)雨成冬(dong)“的(de)特(te)點較為突出(chu),公(gong)園中的(de)仙鶴(he)坪林(lin)區是夏季避暑的(de)好去處(chu)。
公園信息
公園(yuan)名(ming)稱: 仙鶴(he)坪國家(jia)森林公園(yuan)
所在省市: 貴州安龍縣(xian)
公園海拔: 1000-3000米(mi)
公園面積: 9065公頃(qing)
景(jing) 區(qu) 數(shu): 4
景 點(dian) 數: 60