深山(shan)閩春(chun)(chun)蜓(ting)(學名:Fukienogomphus prometheus)是春(chun)(chun)蜓(ting)科、閩春(chun)(chun)蜓(ting)屬昆蟲(chong)(chong)。雄蟲(chong)(chong)和雌蟲(chong)(chong)腹長(chang)42-46毫米(mi),后翅36-41毫米(mi)。雄蟲(chong)(chong)上(shang)顎外(wai)(wai)面基方幾乎完全黃(huang)(huang)色(se)。上(shang)唇(chun)通常具一對(dui)(dui)圓(yuan)形(xing)小黃(huang)(huang)斑。額橫(heng)紋(wen)甚闊。頭頂及后頭黑(hei)(hei)色(se)。前(qian)胸背板前(qian)區的前(qian)緣黃(huang)(huang)色(se),中(zhong)區背部中(zhong)央具一對(dui)(dui)小圓(yuan)斑。背條(tiao)紋(wen)向下(xia)方分歧,下(xia)端不與領(ling)條(tiao)紋(wen)相(xiang)連(lian)。通常有(you)(you)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)肩(jian)前(qian)上(shang)點,甚少(shao)有(you)(you)肩(jian)前(qian)下(xia)條(tiao)紋(wen)。足(zu)(zu)黑(hei)(hei)色(se),前(qian)足(zu)(zu)和中(zhong)足(zu)(zu)基節(jie)外(wai)(wai)側(ce)具甚大黃(huang)(huang)斑。陽莖末(mo)端為(wei)(wei)典型的春(chun)(chun)蜓(ting)型。足(zu)(zu)較(jiao)長(chang),伸抵腹部第2節(jie)基部,后足(zu)(zu)腿節(jie)密生(sheng)兩排(pai)短(duan)(duan)刺,每(mei)排(pai)大約(yue)42至48根,僅(jin)末(mo)端的2根或(huo)3根稍(shao)較(jiao)長(chang)。雌蟲(chong)(chong)與雄蟲(chong)(chong)不同處(chu)如下(xia):頭頂具一對(dui)(dui)甚大短(duan)(duan)突(tu)起(qi),位于側(ce)單(dan)眼上(shang)方,末(mo)端鈍(dun)圓(yuan),兩突(tu)起(qi)之(zhi)間有(you)(you)一低脊相(xiang)連(lian),該突(tu)起(qi)的外(wai)(wai)側(ce)另有(you)(you)一個小突(tu)起(qi),近于復眼邊緣。后頭甚低,后頭緣凹陷(xian)。下(xia)生(sheng)殖板短(duan)(duan)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing),它(ta)的長(chang)度約(yue)為(wei)(wei)第9節(jie)長(chang)度的1/4,中(zhong)央裂入的深度約(yue)為(wei)(wei)下(xia)生(sheng)殖板長(chang)度之(zhi)半(ban)。第9節(jie)腹面具一對(dui)(dui)長(chang)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)骨片。
分(fen)布于中國(guo)福建(武(wu)夷(yi)山、邵武(wu)、建陽(yang)、仙(xian)游(you)、永安、長汀)、臺(tai)灣、廣東。深山閩春(chun)蜓一般在白(bai)晝活(huo)動(dong)于稚蟲(chong)生活(huo)的(de)環境(jing)附近。常在河塘、溪流處飛翔。深山閩春(chun)蜓的(de)食物主要是(shi)蜉蝣(you)稚蟲(chong)、蚊類幼蟲(chong)或同(tong)類的(de)其他(ta)個(ge)體,甚至蝌蚪及小魚。
稚蟲(chong)棲息在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)砂粒(li)、泥水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)草間,少數稚蟲(chong)生活(huo)(huo)在林地(di)碎屑或(huo)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)樹洞中(zhong)或(huo)爬(pa)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)附著在巖石的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)膜內。深山(shan)閩(min)春蜓(ting)一般在白晝活(huo)(huo)動于稚蟲(chong)生活(huo)(huo)的(de)環境附近。常在河塘、溪(xi)流處飛翔。雌(ci)性深山(shan)閩(min)春蜓(ting)喜歡待(dai)在遠離(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源的(de)地(di)方,例如森林附近,它在那(nei)里更容(rong)易獲取食物(wu)。
分布于中國福建(jian)(武夷山、邵武、建(jian)陽、仙游、永安、長(chang)汀(ting))、海南(nan)、浙(zhe)江、臺灣、廣東。
雄蟲和雌蟲腹長42-46毫(hao)(hao)米,后翅36-41毫(hao)(hao)米。
雄蟲上顎(e)外面(mian)基(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)幾乎完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。上唇通常具(ju)(ju)一(yi)對(dui)圓形(xing)(xing)小(xiao)黃(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),甚少具(ju)(ju)一(yi)對(dui)大(da)(da)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)或完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)無斑(ban)(ban)(ban)。額橫(heng)(heng)(heng)紋(wen)甚闊(kuo)。頭(tou)頂及(ji)后(hou)(hou)頭(tou)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。前(qian)(qian)胸背(bei)板前(qian)(qian)區的(de)前(qian)(qian)緣(yuan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區背(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央具(ju)(ju)一(yi)對(dui)小(xiao)圓斑(ban)(ban)(ban),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)由一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)細(xi)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)線分(fen)隔。領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央間(jian)(jian)斷;合(he)胸脊(ji)具(ju)(ju)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)紋(wen),不(bu)與領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)相連。背(bei)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)向(xiang)下方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)分(fen)歧,下端(duan)不(bu)與領條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)相連。通常有三(san)角形(xing)(xing)肩前(qian)(qian)上點,甚少有肩前(qian)(qian)下條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen);合(he)胸側(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)通常無條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen),或第(di)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)及(ji)第(di)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)間(jian)(jian)斷的(de)距離甚遠,甚少細(xi)窄(zhai)的(de)第(di)2條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)或第(di)2及(ji)第(di)3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)均完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。足(zu)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),前(qian)(qian)足(zu)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)足(zu)基(ji)節(jie)(jie)外側(ce)具(ju)(ju)甚大(da)(da)黃(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)。在(zai)幼嫩(nen)標本(ben)翅(chi)(chi)基(ji)至弓(gong)脈處呈金黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);但在(zai)較(jiao)老的(de)標本(ben)金黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)范圍較(jiao)小(xiao),顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)亦較(jiao)淺。腹部(bu)(bu)(bu)第(di)1節(jie)(jie)背(bei)面(mian)具(ju)(ju)甚大(da)(da)三(san)角形(xing)(xing)黃(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),側(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);第(di)2節(jie)(jie)背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)寬,向(xiang)末(mo)端(duan)漸(jian)(jian)細(xi),伸(shen)抵該(gai)節(jie)(jie)全(quan)(quan)(quan)長,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)有兩處縊縮,該(gai)節(jie)(jie)的(de)側(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)包含耳狀(zhuang)突(tu)大(da)(da)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),在(zai)耳狀(zhuang)突(tu)的(de)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)由上方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)有黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)楔入;第(di)2節(jie)(jie)背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)甚細(xi),約(yue)略伸(shen)抵該(gai)節(jie)(jie)全(quan)(quan)(quan)長,基(ji)側(ce)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)亞基(ji)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)脊(ji)之前(qian)(qian)具(ju)(ju)甚大(da)(da)黃(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban);第(di)4-7節(jie)(jie)具(ju)(ju)相似斑(ban)(ban)(ban)紋(wen),但向(xiang)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各節(jie)(jie)逐漸(jian)(jian)細(xi)小(xiao);第(di)8節(jie)(jie)背(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)紋(wen)長度約(yue)為該(gai)節(jie)(jie)的(de)1/3;第(di)8節(jie)(jie)和(he)第(di)9節(jie)(jie)側(ce)面(mian)后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)具(ju)(ju)“U”字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),“U”字(zi)(zi)的(de)臂朝(chao)向(xiang)前(qian)(qian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),第(di)8節(jie)(jie)“U”字(zi)(zi)紋(wen)的(de)臂彎向(xiang)內(nei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)不(bu)完(wan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)圈形(xing)(xing)紋(wen);第(di)3-6節(jie)(jie)背(bei)板腹緣(yuan)黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。第(di)10節(jie)(jie)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。上肛附(fu)器(qi)牙黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),但它的(de)末(mo)端(duan)、它的(de)內(nei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、四邊形(xing)(xing)的(de)齒和(he)它基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)外方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)尖(jian)齒的(de)末(mo)端(duan)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。下肛附(fu)器(qi)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。前(qian)(qian)翅(chi)(chi)結前(qian)(qian)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)脈15-18條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),后(hou)(hou)翅(chi)(chi)13-15條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao);前(qian)(qian)翅(chi)(chi)結后(hou)(hou)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)脈13至15條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),后(hou)(hou)翅(chi)(chi)12-16條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。前(qian)(qian)翅(chi)(chi)在(zai)弓(gong)脈與叉脈之間(jian)(jian)通常具(ju)(ju)4或5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)脈,甚少3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),后(hou)(hou)翅(chi)(chi)在(zai)此處僅有1-3條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)脈。三(san)角室偶爾具(ju)(ju)1條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)脈。陽莖末(mo)端(duan)為典型的(de)春蜓型。足(zu)較(jiao)長,伸(shen)抵腹部(bu)(bu)(bu)第(di)2節(jie)(jie)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu),后(hou)(hou)足(zu)腿節(jie)(jie)密生兩排短刺,每排大(da)(da)約(yue)42至48根,僅末(mo)端(duan)的(de)2根或3根稍較(jiao)長。
雌蟲與雄蟲不(bu)同處如下:頭頂具(ju)一(yi)對甚大短(duan)突起(qi)(qi),位(wei)于側單眼(yan)上方,末端鈍(dun)圓,兩突起(qi)(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)有一(yi)低脊相連,該突起(qi)(qi)的外側另有一(yi)個(ge)小突起(qi)(qi),近于復(fu)眼(yan)邊緣(yuan)。后頭甚低,后頭緣(yuan)凹陷。下生殖(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)短(duan)三(san)角形,它的長(chang)(chang)度(du)約(yue)為(wei)第9節長(chang)(chang)度(du)的1/4,中央裂入(ru)的深度(du)約(yue)為(wei)下生殖(zhi)(zhi)板(ban)(ban)長(chang)(chang)度(du)之(zhi)半。第9節腹面具(ju)一(yi)對長(chang)(chang)三(san)角形骨片。
深(shen)山(shan)閩春蜓(ting)一般以卵(luan)或稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)在(zai)水(shui)中(zhong)越冬,少數(shu)種(zhong)類(lei)成蟲(chong)(chong)也可冬眠。深(shen)山(shan)閩春蜓(ting)屬(shu)不完全(quan)變態。生活史(shi)只(zhi)經(jing)卵(luan)、稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)和成蟲(chong)(chong)3個階段。各階段歷期長(chang)短不同(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)間(jian)差異(yi)很大。卵(luan)經(jing)過5-230天孵(fu)化出包(bao)被在(zai)薄(bo)幾丁質膜鞘中(zhong)的(de)(de)“預稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)”,經(jing)幾秒至(zhi)數(shu)十分鐘后,脫去膜鞘進入第二齡期,成為能自由活動于水(shui)中(zhong)的(de)(de)稚(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)俗稱水(shui)蠆(chai)。
深山閩(min)(min)春蜓的食(shi)物主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)蜉蝣稚(zhi)蟲、蚊類幼蟲或(huo)同類的其(qi)(qi)他個體,甚至蝌蚪及小魚。稚(zhi)蟲期要(yao)(yao)經9-15齡才(cai)能發育(yu)成(cheng)熟(shu)。老熟(shu)稚(zhi)蟲爬(pa)出水(shui)面,結束了水(shui)中生活(huo),附著(zhu)在石頭、植物或(huo)其(qi)(qi)他物體上,脫去外殼進入(ru)成(cheng)蟲期。剛(gang)出來的成(cheng)蟲身體柔軟,要(yao)(yao)經過(guo)數小時或(huo)幾晝夜(ye)時間硬化體殼,隨著(zhu)體液循環,翅芽伸張挺直,體色與(yu)斑紋也逐(zhu)漸鮮(xian)明(ming),這時深山閩(min)(min)春蜓才(cai)有(you)能力(li)飛離(li)蛻皮處,到廣闊天空中翱翔(xiang)。
交尾:性(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)交尾前,先使腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)向前彎曲,將第9腹(fu)(fu)節生殖孔(kong)移(yi)到(dao)第2、3腹(fu)(fu)節下面與(yu)交合器的次生陽(yang)莖對接,把(ba)精包(由帶狀黏(nian)膜(mo)把(ba)精子包纏卷裹形成(cheng)(cheng))通(tong)過陽(yang)莖貯存(cun)于陰(yin)囊內。在(zai)完成(cheng)(cheng)精子轉移(yi)之后(hou),雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)即在(zai)空(kong)中追逐(zhu)雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong),并用腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu)末端的肛附器握(wo)住(zhu)雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的相(xiang)關部(bu)(bu)位,雌(ci)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)用六(liu)足抱住(zhu)雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu),自(zi)動彎曲腹(fu)(fu)部(bu)(bu),把(ba)腹(fu)(fu)端生殖孔(kong)伸達雄(xiong)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)第2節與(yu)次生陽(yang)莖對接起來,形成(cheng)(cheng)個環狀串連。
產卵(luan)(luan):交尾結束(shu)后,雌蟲很快產卵(luan)(luan)。卵(luan)(luan)產在植(zhi)物體內或水中及其(qi)附近物體上。
列入《世界自然保(bao)護聯(lian)盟瀕(bin)危(wei)物種紅色(se)名錄》(IUCN 2010年(nian) ver 3.1)——無(wu)危(wei)(LC)。
深山閩春蜓是有益于人類的一類重要的天敵昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)和水(shui)質(zhi)環境(jing)的指示(shi)昆(kun)蟲(chong)(chong)。