任人唯賢(rèn rén wéi xián)是一(yi)個成語(yu),最早出(chu)自于戰國(guo)《尚(shang)書·咸有(you)一(yi)德》。
任人唯賢(xian)指任用官(guan)員只以德(de)才優(you)秀(xiu)作為標(biao)準,含(han)褒義;在句中一般作謂(wei)語、定語、賓語、分句。
戰國(guo)《尚書(shu)·咸有一德》:“任官惟賢才(cai),左右惟其人。”
后世(shi)據(ju)此典故引申(shen)出(chu)成語(yu)“任人(ren)唯(wei)賢”。
春秋時期,齊國(guo)(guo)的國(guo)(guo)君襄公(gong)(gong)殘暴荒唐,連他的兩(liang)個(ge)兄(xiong)弟都逃(tao)到別(bie)國(guo)(guo)去了(le)。這兩(liang)個(ge)兄(xiong)弟是兩(liang)個(ge)母親生的。一(yi)個(ge)叫公(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾,逃(tao)到了(le)魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)。一(yi)個(ge)叫公(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)白(bai),逃(tao)到了(le)莒(ju)國(guo)(guo)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾的師(shi)傅是管仲,公(gong)(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)的師(shi)傅是鮑叔(shu)牙。
后來,齊襄(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)被(bei)人殺死了。第(di)二年春(chun)天(tian),齊國(guo)的(de)大臣(chen)派使者迎接公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)糾回(hui)去(qu)(qu)(qu)做國(guo)君(jun)(jun)。魯(lu)國(guo)的(de)國(guo)君(jun)(jun)魯(lu)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)親自派兵護(hu)送(song)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)糾的(de)師傅管(guan)仲(zhong)怕逃亡在(zai)莒國(guo)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)(bai)因為(wei)(wei)離齊國(guo)近搶先回(hui)國(guo)奪到(dao)君(jun)(jun)位(wei),所以(yi)經(jing)(jing)莊公(gong)(gong)(gong)同意(yi),先帶領一(yi)支人馬去(qu)(qu)(qu)攔住(zhu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)(bai)。走到(dao)即墨,聽人說公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)(bai)已經(jing)(jing)跑在(zai)頭里了。管(guan)仲(zhong)使勁地(di)追(zhui),追(zhui)了三十多里路才追(zhui)上(shang)。管(guan)仲(zhong)瞧見公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)(bai)坐(zuo)在(zai)車里,也不(bu)多說,偷偷地(di)拿起弓(gong)箭,對準了公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)(bai),“嗖”的(de)一(yi)箭射過去(qu)(qu)(qu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)(bai)大叫一(yi)聲,口吐鮮血(xue),倒在(zai)車子(zi)(zi)(zi)里。管(guan)仲(zhong)一(yi)看,以(yi)為(wei)(wei)小白(bai)(bai)死了,他(ta)想公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)糾的(de)君(jun)(jun)位(wei)必(bi)定穩坐(zuo)了,便不(bu)慌不(bu)忙(mang)地(di)回(hui)魯(lu)國(guo)去(qu)(qu)(qu)護(hu)送(song)公(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)糾到(dao)齊國(guo)去(qu)(qu)(qu)。
誰知(zhi)道公(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)并(bing)沒有死(si),只是(shi)(shi)咬破(po)舌頭,弄得滿口鮮血(xue)裝死(si)罷了。鮑叔牙護著(zhu)小(xiao)白(bai)抄小(xiao)道趕到(dao)都城臨淄。鮑叔牙硬(ying)是(shi)(shi)說服(fu)了大(da)臣(chen)們,立(li)公(gong)子(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)為國君,也就是(shi)(shi)齊桓公(gong)。
不久,魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)的(de)兵(bing)馬送(song)公子糾回(hui)到了齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)地界。齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)鮑叔牙立即請齊(qi)(qi)桓公發(fa)兵(bing)抵抗,于是(shi)齊(qi)(qi)魯(lu)之(zhi)間發(fa)生戰爭。魯(lu)軍(jun)大敗,只(zhi)(zhi)得答(da)應齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)條件,將公子糾逼死,又把(ba)管(guan)(guan)仲抓(zhua)起來。齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)使者表示,管(guan)(guan)仲射過他(ta)(ta)們(men)的(de)國(guo)(guo)君,國(guo)(guo)君要報一(yi)箭之(zhi)仇,非親手殺了他(ta)(ta)不可,所以一(yi)定要將他(ta)(ta)押(ya)到齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)去。魯(lu)莊公只(zhi)(zhi)好把(ba)管(guan)(guan)仲裝上囚(qiu)車,押(ya)回(hui)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)。
管仲(zhong)被捆綁著,從魯(lu)國押往齊國。一路(lu)上,他(ta)又饑又渴,吃了許多苦頭。來到(dao)(dao)綺烏這個(ge)地方時,他(ta)去見那(nei)里守(shou)衛邊(bian)界的官(guan)員,請求給(gei)點飯吃。不料,那(nei)守(shou)邊(bian)界的官(guan)員竟跪在地上,端飯給(gei)管仲(zhong)吃,神情十分恭敬。等管仲(zhong)吃好飯,他(ta)私(si)下間道:“如果您(nin)到(dao)(dao)齊國后,僥幸(xing)沒有(you)被殺而得(de)到(dao)(dao)任用,您(nin)將(jiang)怎樣報答我(wo)?”管仲(zhong)回答道:“要是照你(ni)所說的那(nei)樣,我(wo)得(de)到(dao)(dao)任用,我(wo)將(jiang)要任用賢人,使用能人,評賞有(you)功的人,我(wo)能拿什么報答您(nin)呢?”
等到管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)一回到齊國(guo),鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)就親自到城外(wai)迎(ying)接。接著,鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)大(da)力把(ba)管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)保舉(ju)給齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)。齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)說:“他(ta)(ta)拿箭射我,要(yao)我的(de)命,你還叫我用(yong)他(ta)(ta)嗎?”鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)說:“那會兒他(ta)(ta)是公(gong)子糾(jiu)的(de)師(shi)傅,管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)自然冒死幫著公(gong)子糾(jiu)了。管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)的(de)本領比我強(qiang)十倍。主公(gong)要(yao)是用(yong)他(ta)(ta),他(ta)(ta)準(zhun)能給您(nin)立(li)大(da)功。”齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)聽了鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)的(de)話(hua),立(li)即拜管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)為相國(guo)。鮑(bao)叔牙(ya)反倒做了管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)的(de)副手。管(guan)(guan)仲(zhong)當相國(guo)以后,發(fa)揮他(ta)(ta)的(de)政治才能,大(da)力實(shi)行改革,使齊國(guo)的(de)國(guo)力迅速增強(qiang)。七年(nian)后,齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)就稱霸四方,不久,齊桓(huan)(huan)公(gong)就成(cheng)了春(chun)秋第(di)一霸。
無論是創業(ye)還是守業(ye),都離不(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。雖(sui)說匯(hui)聚人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)需要(yao)海納百川的(de)精(jing)神,但水(shui)多容易泛濫(lan),人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)競爭過于激烈(lie),容易出現(xian)(xian)魚目混珠、良(liang)莠不(bu)(bu)(bu)齊的(de)情(qing)況。因(yin)此,執(zhi)政(zheng)者必須善于發(fa)現(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),舉薦(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),團結人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),使用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)推動事業(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷向前(qian)發(fa)展。而(er)最(zui)重要(yao)的(de)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則,那就是任人(ren)(ren)(ren)唯賢。要(yao)求執(zhi)政(zheng)者在選拔人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)時,不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)考慮人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)身份、背景以及(ji)與自己的(de)關(guan)系,敢用(yong)有(you)缺點的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),并能(neng)(neng)(neng)做到用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)疑,疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)。正因(yin)為有(you)這樣(yang)的(de)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則,西漢劉敬、三國諸葛亮等賢能(neng)(neng)(neng)之士才(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠“朝為田舍郎,暮登天(tian)子堂”。
“任(ren)人唯賢”指任(ren)用官員只以德才優秀作(zuo)為標準。
含褒義;在句中一般作謂語(yu)、定語(yu)、賓語(yu)、分句。
毛澤東《中(zhong)國共產黨在民族戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)的(de)地位》:“有獨立的(de)工作(zuo)能力,積極(ji)肯(ken)干,不謀私利為(wei)標準,這就是任人唯賢的(de)路線。”
作家(jia)·凌力《星(xing)星(xing)草(cao)》:“文(wen)狀元(yuan)、武狀元(yuan)、農狀元(yuan)、工狀元(yuan)、醫狀元(yuan),都要選,以才取人,任人唯賢。那時天(tian)國(guo)人才濟(ji)濟(ji),英杰歸真(zhen),咱們可就(jiu)更(geng)該興旺羅!”
任人唯賢—知人善用
“任(ren)人唯(wei)賢(xian)”和“知人善(shan)(shan)任(ren)”兩者(zhe)都含(han)有“善(shan)(shan)于使用人”的意思。但“任(ren)人唯(wei)賢(xian)”是指一種用人原則或態(tai)度,“知人善(shan)(shan)任(ren)”則多指方法或技巧。