任人唯賢(rèn rén wéi xián)是一(yi)個成(cheng)語,最早出自于戰國《尚書·咸有一(yi)德》。
任人唯賢指任用官員只以德才(cai)優(you)秀作(zuo)為標(biao)準,含褒義;在句中一般作(zuo)謂語、定語、賓語、分句。
戰國(guo)《尚書·咸有一(yi)德》:“任官惟(wei)賢才,左右惟(wei)其人(ren)。”
后世(shi)據(ju)此典(dian)故(gu)引(yin)申出成語“任人(ren)唯賢”。
春秋(qiu)時期,齊國的國君襄公(gong)殘暴荒唐,連他的兩(liang)個兄弟都逃(tao)到別國去了(le)。這兩(liang)個兄弟是(shi)兩(liang)個母親(qin)生的。一(yi)個叫(jiao)公(gong)子糾,逃(tao)到了(le)魯國。一(yi)個叫(jiao)公(gong)子小白,逃(tao)到了(le)莒國。公(gong)子糾的師傅是(shi)管仲,公(gong)子小白的師傅是(shi)鮑叔牙。
后來,齊襄公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)被(bei)人(ren)殺死了(le)。第(di)二年春天,齊國(guo)的(de)(de)大(da)臣派(pai)使(shi)者(zhe)迎接公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾回(hui)去(qu)(qu)做國(guo)君。魯(lu)國(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)君魯(lu)莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)親自派(pai)兵護(hu)送。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾的(de)(de)師傅管仲怕逃亡在(zai)莒國(guo)的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)因為離(li)齊國(guo)近搶先回(hui)國(guo)奪(duo)到君位,所以(yi)經莊(zhuang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同意,先帶領一支人(ren)馬去(qu)(qu)攔(lan)住公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)。走到即墨(mo),聽人(ren)說公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)已經跑在(zai)頭里了(le)。管仲使(shi)勁地(di)追,追了(le)三十多(duo)里路才追上。管仲瞧見(jian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)坐在(zai)車(che)里,也不(bu)多(duo)說,偷偷地(di)拿起弓箭(jian),對準(zhun)了(le)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(bai),“嗖”的(de)(de)一箭(jian)射過去(qu)(qu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)大(da)叫一聲,口吐(tu)鮮血,倒在(zai)車(che)子(zi)(zi)里。管仲一看,以(yi)為小(xiao)白(bai)死了(le),他想公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾的(de)(de)君位必定穩坐了(le),便不(bu)慌不(bu)忙(mang)地(di)回(hui)魯(lu)國(guo)去(qu)(qu)護(hu)送公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)糾到齊國(guo)去(qu)(qu)。
誰知道公子(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)并沒(mei)有死,只是(shi)咬(yao)破舌頭,弄得滿口鮮血裝死罷了(le)。鮑(bao)叔牙護著(zhu)小(xiao)白(bai)抄小(xiao)道趕到(dao)都城臨淄(zi)。鮑(bao)叔牙硬(ying)是(shi)說(shuo)服了(le)大臣們(men),立公子(zi)小(xiao)白(bai)為(wei)國君(jun),也(ye)就是(shi)齊桓公。
不久,魯國(guo)的兵馬送(song)公子(zi)糾(jiu)回到(dao)了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)地界。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的鮑叔(shu)牙立即(ji)請齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓公發(fa)兵抵抗,于是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)魯之間發(fa)生戰(zhan)爭(zheng)。魯軍大敗,只得(de)答應齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的條件(jian),將(jiang)公子(zi)糾(jiu)逼死,又(you)把管仲(zhong)抓起來(lai)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的使者表示,管仲(zhong)射(she)過他(ta)們的國(guo)君,國(guo)君要報(bao)一箭之仇(chou),非親手(shou)殺了他(ta)不可,所(suo)以一定要將(jiang)他(ta)押到(dao)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)去。魯莊公只好把管仲(zhong)裝上囚車,押回齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)。
管(guan)仲(zhong)被捆綁著(zhu),從魯(lu)國(guo)(guo)押(ya)往齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)。一路(lu)上(shang),他又(you)饑又(you)渴(ke),吃了許多苦頭。來到(dao)綺烏(wu)這個地方(fang)時,他去見那(nei)里守衛邊(bian)界的官員,請求給(gei)點飯(fan)吃。不料,那(nei)守邊(bian)界的官員竟跪(gui)在地上(shang),端飯(fan)給(gei)管(guan)仲(zhong)吃,神情十分恭敬。等管(guan)仲(zhong)吃好飯(fan),他私下(xia)間(jian)道:“如果您到(dao)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)后(hou),僥幸沒有被殺(sha)而得到(dao)任用(yong)(yong),您將怎樣報答我?”管(guan)仲(zhong)回答道:“要是(shi)照你所說的那(nei)樣,我得到(dao)任用(yong)(yong),我將要任用(yong)(yong)賢人(ren),使用(yong)(yong)能人(ren),評賞有功的人(ren),我能拿(na)什(shen)么報答您呢?”
等到(dao)管仲一回到(dao)齊國(guo),鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)就親(qin)自(zi)到(dao)城外迎接(jie)。接(jie)著,鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)大(da)力把管仲保舉給齊桓公(gong)。齊桓公(gong)說(shuo):“他(ta)拿箭(jian)射我(wo),要(yao)我(wo)的(de)命,你還叫我(wo)用他(ta)嗎(ma)?”鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)說(shuo):“那(nei)會兒他(ta)是公(gong)子糾的(de)師傅,管仲自(zi)然冒死幫著公(gong)子糾了。管仲的(de)本(ben)領比(bi)我(wo)強(qiang)十(shi)倍。主公(gong)要(yao)是用他(ta),他(ta)準能(neng)給您立大(da)功。”齊桓公(gong)聽了鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)的(de)話,立即拜管仲為相國(guo)。鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)反倒做(zuo)了管仲的(de)副手。管仲當(dang)相國(guo)以(yi)后,發揮他(ta)的(de)政治才能(neng),大(da)力實行改(gai)革,使(shi)齊國(guo)的(de)國(guo)力迅速增強(qiang)。七年后,齊桓公(gong)就稱霸四方,不久,齊桓公(gong)就成了春秋第一霸。
無論是創(chuang)業(ye)還是守業(ye),都離(li)不(bu)(bu)開人才(cai)(cai)。雖(sui)說匯聚(ju)人才(cai)(cai)需要海納百川的(de)(de)精神(shen),但水多容(rong)易(yi)泛(fan)濫,人才(cai)(cai)競(jing)爭過(guo)于激烈,容(rong)易(yi)出現魚目混珠、良莠不(bu)(bu)齊的(de)(de)情況。因此,執政者(zhe)(zhe)必須善于發(fa)現人才(cai)(cai),舉(ju)薦(jian)人才(cai)(cai),團結(jie)人才(cai)(cai),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人才(cai)(cai),才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)推(tui)動事業(ye)不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)向(xiang)前(qian)發(fa)展。而最重要的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)人原則,那就是任(ren)人唯(wei)賢。要求(qiu)執政者(zhe)(zhe)在選拔人才(cai)(cai)時(shi),不(bu)(bu)要考慮(lv)人才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)身份、背景以及(ji)與自己的(de)(de)關系,敢用(yong)(yong)有缺點的(de)(de)人才(cai)(cai),并能(neng)(neng)做到用(yong)(yong)人不(bu)(bu)疑(yi),疑(yi)人不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)。正因為有這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)人原則,西漢劉敬、三國(guo)諸葛亮(liang)等賢能(neng)(neng)之士(shi)才(cai)(cai)能(neng)(neng)夠“朝為田(tian)舍郎,暮登天子(zi)堂”。
“任人(ren)唯賢”指任用(yong)官員只以(yi)德(de)才(cai)優(you)秀作(zuo)為標(biao)準。
含褒義;在(zai)句中一般(ban)作謂語(yu)、定(ding)語(yu)、賓語(yu)、分句。
毛澤東《中國共產黨(dang)在民(min)族(zu)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)中的(de)(de)地(di)位》:“有(you)獨立的(de)(de)工(gong)作能力,積極肯(ken)干,不謀私利為標準,這就是任人唯賢的(de)(de)路(lu)線。”
作家·凌力(li)《星星草》:“文狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、武狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、農狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、工狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、醫狀(zhuang)元(yuan),都要選,以才取人(ren),任(ren)人(ren)唯賢。那時天國人(ren)才濟濟,英杰歸真,咱們可(ke)就更該興旺羅!”
任人唯賢—知人善用
“任(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)唯(wei)賢(xian)”和“知人(ren)(ren)(ren)善(shan)任(ren)”兩者都含有“善(shan)于(yu)使用人(ren)(ren)(ren)”的意(yi)思。但“任(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)唯(wei)賢(xian)”是指(zhi)一(yi)種用人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則(ze)(ze)或(huo)態度(du),“知人(ren)(ren)(ren)善(shan)任(ren)”則(ze)(ze)多指(zhi)方法或(huo)技巧。