沂源魯山溶洞(dong)(dong)群風景區,被專家(jia)譽為“江北第一溶洞(dong)(dong)群”。這里(li)的(de)(de)溶洞(dong)(dong)以(yi)(yi)沂源猿人(ren)遺址為中(zhong)心,發(fa)育于中(zhong)奧陶世厚泥晶(jing)灰巖中(zhong),距今5億多年,是(shi)長江以(yi)(yi)北最為集中(zhong)的(de)(de)天然溶洞(dong)(dong),并(bing)且不少溶洞(dong)(dong)景觀(guan)都堪稱(cheng)全國之最。洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)景物美妙奇險,配以(yi)(yi)魯山的(de)(de)幽谷翠峰,令人(ren)賞心悅目、流連(lian)忘返。許多洞(dong)(dong)穴都曾是(shi)古代猿人(ren)生息、繁衍的(de)(de)場所,曾挖掘出(chu)猿人(ren)頭蓋(gai)骨(gu)及數枚(mei)牙齒(chi)化石(shi),伴(ban)隨著(zhu)大量(liang)動物化石(shi),并(bing)發(fa)現大量(liang)猿人(ren)石(shi)器,極具(ju)考(kao)古價值,對(dui)研究人(ren)類學起源有著(zhu)重要意義。
九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),發育于(yu)(yu)距今(jin)4.4~5億年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)古生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)奧陶(tao)紀石(shi)灰巖巖層中(zhong)(zhong),其生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成年(nian)(nian)代(dai)卻只有一百萬年(nian)(nian)左右(you)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史。九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)于(yu)(yu)1992年(nian)(nian)開發建(jian)設,后于(yu)(yu)1995年(nian)(nian)、1997年(nian)(nian)兩(liang)次(ci)后續開發,全(quan)(quan)長(chang)(chang)518米,高(gao)5~18米,游(you)程(cheng)1200米,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)溫常(chang)(chang)年(nian)(nian)在15℃左右(you)。因洞(dong)(dong)(dong)有九(jiu)個大(da)的(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)廳,景(jing)觀可與神話中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)宮相比,故叫“九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)”。九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)在化(hua)學(xue)堆積(ji)景(jing)觀類型(xing)上屬超指(zhi)標的(de)(de)(de)精品洞(dong)(dong)(dong),品位之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)系(xi)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)最(zui)(zui)。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內(nei)旅(lv)游(you)景(jing)觀200多(duo)處,主要由次(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)學(xue)沉(chen)積(ji)及(ji)其千姿百態的(de)(de)(de)形態構成。在常(chang)(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)40多(duo)種(zhong)常(chang)(chang)規化(hua)學(xue)堆積(ji)類型(xing)中(zhong)(zhong),九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)占有38種(zhong),有7種(zhong)稀(xi)有微觀化(hua)學(xue)沉(chen)積(ji)類型(xing)。其中(zhong)(zhong),大(da)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)花(hua)質地(di)純(chun)凈(jing),玲瓏(long)剔透,組合精巧(qiao),高(gao)貴細膩。被中(zhong)(zhong)科院地(di)質研(yan)(yan)究所陳詩才教(jiao)授稱之(zhi)(zhi)為“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)花(hua)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴”;中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)旅(lv)游(you)地(di)學(xue)研(yan)(yan)究會副(fu)會長(chang)(chang)、北師大(da)盧云亭教(jiao)授評價說:“沂源九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)發現,是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)研(yan)(yan)究史上一個驚人事件。九(jiu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)發現的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)花(hua)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),同時也是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)最(zui)(zui)好的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)景(jing)觀博物館”。
千(qian)(qian)人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口高(gao)13米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬20米(mi)(mi)(mi),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)廳(ting)(ting)呈s形長105米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬26米(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)15米(mi)(mi)(mi),因洞(dong)(dong)(dong)廳(ting)(ting)寬闊高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)可(ke)容(rong)千(qian)(qian)余人(ren)而(er)得名。1965年(nian)6月,中科(ke)院(yuan)古人(ren)類與古脊椎動物(wu)研(yan)究所戴爾儉和(he)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)省博物(wu)館白云(yun)哲在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)現(xian)了大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積10多(duo)米(mi)(mi)(mi)厚、多(duo)層次的(de)文化堆積,采集到打制石器(qi)38件和(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量的(de)野生動物(wu)骨骼化石,系1、2萬年(nian)前舊石器(qi)晚期的(de)文化遺(yi)物(wu)。在(zai)(zai)當時是山東(dong)(dong)(dong)乃至(zhi)整個華東(dong)(dong)(dong)地區發(fa)現(xian)的(de)舊石器(qi)文化遺(yi)存(cun),因此(ci)(ci)(ci),千(qian)(qian)人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)被稱為(wei)“山東(dong)(dong)(dong)1號洞(dong)(dong)(dong)”。1938年(nian)9月~1939年(nian)3月,八路軍(jun)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)縱隊兵(bing)工廠曾在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)(ci),造槍修(xiu)械,因此(ci)(ci)(ci)千(qian)(qian)人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)還具有光榮的(de)革命歷史。千(qian)(qian)人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)于1986年(nian)建設(she)開(kai)放。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內高(gao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)壁之上雕(diao)有佛像(xiang)(xiang)23尊,身高(gao)10米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上的(de)5尊,其中最大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)釋迦牟尼像(xiang)(xiang)身高(gao)15米(mi)(mi)(mi)。雕(diao)有淺(qian)浮雕(diao)壁畫(hua)三組120多(duo)平方米(mi)(mi)(mi),幽邃深奧,洋(yang)洋(yang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)觀,使千(qian)(qian)人(ren)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)成為(wei)“洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)雕(diao)刻藝(yi)術(shu)集錦”。
靈芝洞分為6個洞廳,內部景觀具有新、奇、多、全等特點,是一個地下迷宮。洞內的清水潭、石筍、石花、鐘乳石形成(cheng)“洞(dong)源幽絕(jue)”、“銀山金(jin)塔”、“百(bai)花吐艷”、“紅旗漫(man)卷(juan)”、“三潭(tan)印月(yue)”、“陽春白雪”、“蓮臺觀(guan)音”等奇特景觀(guan),令人贊嘆(tan)不絕(jue)。
珊瑚洞(dong)全長(chang)350米,洞(dong)中有(you)兩(liang)個突(tu)出于洞(dong)壁的滴(di)石(shi),形(xing)似正在飛舞的玉龍(long),各長(chang)2米多,稱做“雙龍(long)戲(xi)珠”。在一條(tiao)長(chang)9米,寬3米的地面(mian)上(shang),堆成珊瑚樹(shu)、珊瑚塔,玲瓏剔透(tou),絢麗多姿(zi),名曰“珊瑚島”。另(ling)有(you)石(shi)旗、石(shi)花、鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石(shi)等,呈半透(tou)明(ming)體,故稱“水晶(jing)宮”。洞(dong)中還排列著“杏壇講經(jing)”、“小桂林(lin)”、“靈巖玉塔”、“十八羅漢”、“金雞報(bao)曉”等引人(ren)入勝的景觀。
養(yang)神洞高9.5米(mi),游程近800米(mi)。洞內奇觀(guan)有“維納斯女神”、“雄獅(shi)疾(ji)奔”、“駱駝漫(man)行”、“水族宮”以(yi)及“唐僧師(shi)徒(tu)西天(tian)取經”的天(tian)然雕像(xiang),形神兼備,維妙維肖,令人嘆為觀(guan)止。
玄云(yun)洞(dong)因(yin)洞(dong)內常有云(yun)霧升騰而取名。洞(dong)內有高10余米(mi)(mi),周長(chang)20余米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)大石(shi)幔,如百(bai)川疊瀑,氣勢宏大,洞(dong)內石(shi)筍石(shi)柱眾(zhong)多,形(xing)似寶塔(ta),妙趣天成的(de)(de)石(shi)編鐘(zhong)能彈奏(zou)出動(dong)聽音樂,是會唱歌的(de)(de)石(shi)頭(tou)。
石龍洞鐵索橋(qiao)(qiao),凌(ling)空穿(chuan)云,橫跨深谷,橋(qiao)(qiao)墩全(quan)長108米,垂直高度37米,人從橋(qiao)(qiao)墩上過,如在天上行,游人到此,無不上橋(qiao)(qiao)合影留念(nian),領略一(yi)下飄然若仙的感受(shou)。
沂(yi)源長途汽車站(zhan)坐527路在藥玻分廠下車即到
S235→S236→望峰路(lu)→沂源溶洞群售票處,濟青(qing)南線(xian)高速公(gong)路(lu)至沂源出口向北(沿博山方向)15公(gong)里土門(men)鎮政府向北3公(gong)里。
沂(yi)源縣屬暖溫帶季風區域大陸性半濕潤氣候,四(si)季分(fen)明,年平(ping)均(jun)氣溫11.9℃。
沂源溶洞在海拔上可分為三個層次:
1、高海拔層次溶洞(dong)(dong)群(qun),海拔600-700米,個(ge)單體溶洞(dong)(dong)規模為中小型,長度在60-500米,以玄(xuan)云洞(dong)(dong)、九天洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)為代(dai)表
2、中海(hai)拔層次溶洞(dong)群,海(hai)拔在(zai)500-600米,以千人洞(dong)、石龍洞(dong)、養神洞(dong)、珊(shan)瑚洞(dong)、神仙洞(dong)為代表,單(dan)體溶洞(dong)規模(mo)為中小型,長度(du)在(zai)150-500米。
3、低(di)海拔(ba)(ba)層(ceng)次溶洞群(qun),海拔(ba)(ba)在400-500米(mi),以下崖(ya)洞、上崖(ya)洞、呂祖洞為(wei)代表(biao),單體溶洞規(gui)模為(wei)大型(xing),長度可達(da)800-840米(mi)。