仙(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)仙(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于(yu)浙(zhe)、閩(min)、贛三省(sheng)交界處的(de)江(jiang)(jiang)山市東南部保(bao)安(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪(xi)(xi)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、廿八都鎮境內。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)分為(wei)仙(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)關景區(qu)、龍井(jing)坑景區(qu)和(he)(he)浮蓋山景區(qu)三部分,涉(she)及(ji)(ji)江(jiang)(jiang)山市保(bao)安(an)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雙溪(xi)(xi)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、廿八都鎮三個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮的(de)5個(ge)(ge)行政村及(ji)(ji)江(jiang)(jiang)山市林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)總(zong)場龍井(jing)坑、仙(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)關兩個(ge)(ge)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)。景區(qu)內自然(ran)資(zi)源(yuan)十(shi)分豐(feng)富,森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達95%以上。森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)源(yuan)、自然(ran)景觀與人(ren)文史跡都具有(you)較高的(de)觀賞、科學和(he)(he)文化價(jia)值。在第(di)三屆中國森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)風景資(zi)源(yuan)評價(jia)委員會(hui)(hui)第(di)二次會(hui)(hui)議(yi)上,公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)晉升為(wei)中國國家級(ji)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。
旅游景點
仙(xian)霞(xia)森林公園依托(tuo)逶迤東(dong)(dong)南(nan)的仙(xian)霞(xia)嶺山(shan)脈,北有(you)沖天大(da)將軍黃巢刊辟的仙(xian)霞(xia)古道,南(nan)有(you)令徐霞(xia)客神往(wang)的浮蓋山(shan),東(dong)(dong)有(you)堪稱“浙江版納”的原始次生(sheng)林,森林旅游資源極其(qi)豐富,景點密(mi)度大(da),可覽(lan)度高,景觀特色鮮明(ming),類別齊全,集古樹修竹、奇峰怪石、飛瀑流泉、幽(you)洞深潭等自(zi)然景觀于一身,以雄關古道、寺庵碑碣、名人題詠、神話(hua)傳說等璀璨(can)人文歷史為烘托(tuo),具有(you)“青(qing)、幽(you)、秀、奇、雄、險、古”的特色。
仙霞森林(lin)公園(yuan)主(zhu)要景(jing)物有(you)169個,按(an)可(ke)覽度分(fen),上上景(jing)9個,上景(jing)82個,中景(jing)78個;按(an)類型分(fen),地文(wen)類64個,水文(wen)類54個,生物類26個,人文(wen)類23個,天象類2個。
古樹茂林,堪稱“浙江版納”
公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)森林(lin)茂(mao)盛,崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling),擁翠披(pi)綠(lv),植(zhi)(zhi)被以(yi)常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)為主,仙霞嶺(ling)和石鼓峽景區(qu)(qu)有較(jiao)大(da)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毛竹(zhu)林(lin)分(fen)布,浮蓋山(shan)(shan)(shan)景區(qu)(qu)有部分(fen)馬(ma)尾松(song)、杉(shan)木片林(lin)或(huo)針闊混(hun)交林(lin)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有木本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)87科(ke)232屬634種(zhong),有數種(zhong)屬國家一(yi)級保護和國家二級保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong),森林(lin)覆蓋率達到(dao)95%。翠竹(zhu)蒼松(song)、櫧栲常綠(lv),一(yi)年四季(ji),森林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被郁郁蔥蔥,隨著季(ji)節變換,呈現(xian)豐富多姿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)季(ji)相景觀。春(chun)天(tian),萬木滋生(sheng)(sheng),欣欣向榮,山(shan)(shan)(shan)花燦爛,新枝嫩(nen)葉如(ru)(ru)雪(xue);夏(xia)日,山(shan)(shan)(shan)色如(ru)(ru)黛,濃蔭(yin)翠蓋,竹(zhu)影搖(yao)曳,林(lin)間(jian)(jian)清風習(xi)習(xi);入秋,紅葉點(dian)點(dian),野(ye)果飄香(xiang),鳥鳴啁啾,竹(zhu)海松(song)濤翻騰(teng);冬季(ji),寒山(shan)(shan)(shan)凝(ning)重(zhong),泉聲幽(you)咽,瓊枝玉(yu)樹(shu)(shu),滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)銀(yin)(yin)妝素(su)裹。尤其在(zai)春(chun)夏(xia)時節,仙霞關頂(ding)常有云(yun)霧繚繞,倏忽間(jian)(jian)近樹(shu)(shu)遠山(shan)(shan)(shan)變得(de)模糊不清,水(shui)珠(zhu)飛沫如(ru)(ru)精靈飄飛,待陽光(guang)從云(yun)間(jian)(jian)透射(she),金光(guang)萬縷,山(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)林(lin)木均籠(long)罩在(zai)金色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霞光(guang)里(li),稱(cheng)“仙霞披(pi)彩”奇觀。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)龍(long)(long)井坑生(sheng)(sheng)態區(qu)(qu)有一(yi)片原(yuan)始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin),因山(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)路遠,幾百年來(lai)沒(mei)有人(ren)為活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)破(po)壞,是浙江省最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)之一(yi)。古(gu)(gu)木參天(tian),長藤老(lao)樹(shu)(shu)不計其數,飛禽走獸出沒(mei)其間(jian)(jian),構(gou)成(cheng)“浙江西雙版納”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美麗畫卷。公園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有為數可觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)(shu)名木,分(fen)布于(yu)村落、古(gu)(gu)道(dao)、寺廟旁。仙霞古(gu)(gu)道(dao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃巢拴(shuan)馬(ma)樹(shu)(shu),石鼓村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千年紅豆杉(shan),龍(long)(long)皇廟旁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)胸徑1.5米、樹(shu)(shu)齡400余年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)榧樹(shu)(shu),還(huan)有古(gu)(gu)柳杉(shan)、古(gu)(gu)銀(yin)(yin)杏等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng),不勝枚舉。植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)個體之間(jian)(jian),植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)與山(shan)(shan)(shan)石之間(jian)(jian)也組成(cheng)許多觀賞價值較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景觀,有枝柯相扶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“姐妹栲”,古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)(shu)抱竹(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“胸有成(cheng)竹(zhu)”,新竹(zhu)破(po)巖而(er)發的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“細竹(zhu)破(po)石”;有枯立木銅干鐵臂般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“枯桿問天(tian)”,灌草簇生(sheng)(sheng)溪石的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“天(tian)然(ran)盆(pen)景”,古(gu)(gu)藤盤(pan)繞出洞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“蟒蛇出洞”等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng),野(ye)趣盎(ang)然(ran)。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)茂(mao)密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)被為野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)提供了良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)棲息地,野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類繁(fan)多。珍禽異獸與茂(mao)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)森林(lin)和諧地相存相依,展(zhan)示了大(da)自然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勃勃生(sheng)(sheng)機。
飛瀑流泉,山水自然靈秀
仙(xian)霞森(sen)林(lin)公(gong)園山巒(luan)起伏(fu),溝深(shen)壑險,眾多泉水(shui)(shui)順山勢(shi)而(er)下(xia),匯成溪澗(jian)(jian),水(shui)(shui)懸為瀑(pu)(pu)(pu),跌(die)落成潭(tan),聚(ju)而(er)生湖(hu)。若山石(shi)為公(gong)園之(zhi)骨骼,森(sen)林(lin)為衣裳(shang),水(shui)(shui)則為血脈(mo)。泉瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)溪澗(jian)(jian)潭(tan)湖(hu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)公(gong)園脈(mo)絡,跳動(dong)流淌(tang)不(bu)止。山得水(shui)(shui)而(er)活,水(shui)(shui)因(yin)(yin)山而(er)秀。山光水(shui)(shui)色(se)相輝映,更(geng)添自(zi)然(ran)靈(ling)秀。石(shi)鼓(gu)峽口的(de)石(shi)鼓(gu)湖(hu)波平如(ru)(ru)(ru)鏡,湖(hu)畔翠(cui)竹(zhu)清幽(you),倒影澄碧,如(ru)(ru)(ru)群山懷抱中的(de)一塊翡翠(cui)。峽谷深(shen)處,石(shi)鼓(gu)三潭(tan)掩映于綠樹之(zhi)間(jian)(jian),純靜秀美,虬(qiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)澗(jian)(jian)湍急(ji)如(ru)(ru)(ru)竹(zhu)箭,與亂(luan)石(shi)相激(ji),聲如(ru)(ru)(ru)金(jin)戈,勢(shi)欲移石(shi);潭(tan)上有(you)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu),因(yin)(yin)巨石(shi)阻(zu)擋,分(fen)大(da)小兩注,上分(fen)下(xia)合,宛(wan)如(ru)(ru)(ru)母子情深(shen)。瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)因(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)量、地(di)勢(shi)的(de)差異(yi),如(ru)(ru)(ru)青絲如(ru)(ru)(ru)珠簾(lian)(lian)如(ru)(ru)(ru)白練,似(si)(si)(si)天(tian)線似(si)(si)(si)臥(wo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)似(si)(si)(si)“之(zhi)”字。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)坑生態區(qu)的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)門瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)從峭壁上一天(tian)然(ran)石(shi)橋(qiao)橋(qiao)孔下(xia)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)流直瀉(xie),水(shui)(shui)花(hua)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)濺(jian),紛(fen)紛(fen)揚(yang)揚(yang),飄于木杪林(lin)間(jian)(jian),瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)鳴如(ru)(ru)(ru)雷震耳。九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)景區(qu)山勢(shi)陡(dou)峻曲(qu)折,澗(jian)(jian)水(shui)(shui)蜿蜒(yan)奔(ben)流,似(si)(si)(si)一條玉(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)盤旋而(er)下(xia),跌(die)宕(dang)成大(da)大(da)小小無(wu)數潭(tan)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu),中有(you)九(jiu)潭(tan)深(shen)不(bu)可測(ce),稱九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing),謂潛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、臥(wo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、隱龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、顯龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、躍(yue)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、吟龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、玉(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、飛(fei)(fei)(fei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)九(jiu)井(jing)。潭(tan)不(bu)在深(shen),有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)則靈(ling)。九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井(jing)因(yin)(yin)賦予了龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)文化更(geng)顯深(shen)幽(you)古(gu)奧。九(jiu)潭(tan)之(zhi)間(jian)(jian),飛(fei)(fei)(fei)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)流泉各有(you)形態:飛(fei)(fei)(fei)花(hua)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)半空擊(ji)石(shi),如(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)女散花(hua);香草(cao)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)香草(cao)叢生,嵐氣蒸騰(teng),如(ru)(ru)(ru)嗅蘭(lan)麝;玉(yu)階瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)沿天(tian)然(ran)石(shi)階俯沖而(er)下(xia),如(ru)(ru)(ru)層層玉(yu)石(shi)階梯;水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)下(xia)石(shi)猴欲躍(yue),疑為水(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)洞府(fu);龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎(xian)瀑(pu)(pu)(pu)緊貼皺折不(bu)平巖(yan)壁,似(si)(si)(si)流非瀉(xie),如(ru)(ru)(ru)絲絲龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎(xian);琵琶泉泉形若琵琶,錚(zheng)錚(zheng)淙(cong)淙(cong),高(gao)(gao)山流水(shui)(shui),琴韻(yun)悠悠。真(zhen)可謂“淙(cong)淙(cong)萬音落石(shi)顛(dian),皎皎一派當簾(lian)(lian)前。清風高(gao)(gao)吹鸞鶴(he)淚,白日下(xia)照(zhao)蛟(jiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎(xian)。”
險峰怪石,磊疊如蓋神奇
每當(dang)冬季雪(xue)后,石上積(ji)雪(xue)被風掃入石隙,石頂積(ji)雪(xue)融(rong)化,石隙間仍厚積(ji)白雪(xue),此(ci)時(shi)遙望(wang),層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)疊疊的奇(qi)巖怪石像(xiang)躺(tang)于(yu)(yu)白綾素(su)羅之中,黑白分明,形成(cheng)“浮(fu)蓋殘雪(xue)”奇(qi)觀。此(ci)外,還有大量的象(xiang)形奇(qi)石星羅棋布于(yu)(yu)公(gong)園的溪(xi)澗峽谷,仙霞森林公(gong)園實乃集大地頑(wan)石之奇(qi)觀。
園內巨巖(yan)崩(beng)塌壘疊,又構成無數洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴深罅。洞(dong)(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)相連(lian),上下貫通,石(shi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)內時寬(kuan)時窄;頂開而明(ming),頂合而暗,光影變幻莫測。有細藤(teng)如簾懸掛洞(dong)(dong)(dong)口的(de)垂簾洞(dong)(dong)(dong);有青(qing)苔如絨似(si)毯的(de)禪(chan)意洞(dong)(dong)(dong);有古藤(teng)攀援探(tan)出(chu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)頂的(de)蟒蛇洞(dong)(dong)(dong)等(deng)等(deng)。游人在忽明(ming)忽暗的(de)群洞(dong)(dong)(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)躬身穿行,猶如置(zhi)身龐(pang)大(da)的(de)磊石(shi)迷宮(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)中,妙趣橫生(sheng)。險峰、奇(qi)石(shi)、幽洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、深峽(xia),輔以宗教文(wen)化(hua)和故(gu)事傳說,更添(tian)仙(xian)霞森(sen)林公園的(de)神奇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)。
雄關古道,人文薈萃絢麗
仙(xian)(xian)霞森林(lin)公(gong)園歷(li)(li)史悠久,人(ren)文史跡源遠流長(chang)。唐(tang)乾(qian)符五年(nian),農民起(qi)(qi)義軍(jun)領袖黃巢率(lv)部于仙(xian)(xian)霞嶺(ling)刊山伐道(dao)(dao)(dao)700里,直趨建(jian)(jian)州,這條(tiao)二(er)十(shi)(shi)四曲、三(san)百六(liu)十(shi)(shi)級(ji)的山道(dao)(dao)(dao),即成為(wei)(wei)(wei)著(zhu)名(ming)的仙(xian)(xian)霞古(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。公(gong)園北列仙(xian)(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)(guan),南(nan)(nan)峙楓嶺(ling)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。仙(xian)(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)(guan)建(jian)(jian)于宋代,有“東(dong)南(nan)(nan)鎖鑰(yao)”、“八閩(min)咽(yan)喉”之(zhi)稱,現(xian)存(cun)石砌(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)四道(dao)(dao)(dao),為(wei)(wei)(wei)中國十(shi)(shi)大軍(jun)事名(ming)關(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。楓嶺(ling)關(guan)(guan)(guan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)浙閩(min)界(jie)關(guan)(guan)(guan),有“東(dong)方(fang)劍閣”、“浙西南(nan)(nan)第一(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)戶”之(zhi)譽,清(qing)順治年(nian)間屯兵(bing)戍(shu)守,現(xian)存(cun)石砌(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)門(men)(men)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。雄關(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)間,古(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)兩(liang)旁,有東(dong)南(nan)(nan)鎖鑰(yao)碑(bei)、黃巢紀(ji)念館、松風亭、霞嶺(ling)亭、福(fu)口(kou)亭、天(tian)雨庵、古(gu)操場、古(gu)炮臺、抗日戰壕、率(lv)性齋、十(shi)(shi)八肩古(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、里山寺等(deng)等(deng),人(ren)文景觀(guan)如顆顆明珠熠(yi)熠(yi)生輝。正(zheng)如郁達夫在《仙(xian)(xian)霞紀(ji)險》所描(miao)述的“轉(zhuan)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)彎,變一(yi)(yi)番景色;上一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)嶺(ling),辟一(yi)(yi)個(ge)天(tian)地”。仙(xian)(xian)霞古(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)及仙(xian)(xian)霞關(guan)(guan)(guan)歷(li)(li)來為(wei)(wei)(wei)兵(bing)家必爭之(zhi)地。南(nan)(nan)宋高(gao)宗(zong)建(jian)(jian)炎三(san)年(nian),江(jiang)浙制(zhi)置使(shi)韓世忠越仙(xian)(xian)霞嶺(ling)擊(ji)潰叛(pan)軍(jun);明正(zheng)統九年(nian),葉留(liu)宗(zong)領導礦工起(qi)(qi)義;清(qing)光(guang)緒廿六(liu)年(nian),江(jiang)山劉家福(fu)領導農民起(qi)(qi)義,攻占此關(guan)(guan)(guan);民國24至26年(nian),工農紅軍(jun)挺進師在粟裕、劉英(ying)領導下(xia),于仙(xian)(xian)霞嶺(ling)一(yi)(yi)帶建(jian)(jian)立游(you)擊(ji)根據(ju)地。雄關(guan)(guan)(guan)古(gu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)見證了歷(li)(li)史,并留(liu)給游(you)人(ren)滄桑(sang)巨變的感悟(wu)。
仙霞古道(dao)也(ye)留(liu)下(xia)歷代(dai)文(wen)人(ren)墨客的(de)(de)足跡(ji)。明代(dai)地理學家(jia)(jia)、旅行家(jia)(jia)徐(xu)霞客曾循仙霞古道(dao),游(you)(you)覽浮蓋(gai)山,發出“怪石摩云(yun),飛崖(ya)削翠”的(de)(de)贊嘆,并在《閩游(you)(you)日記(ji)》、《后(hou)閩游(you)(you)記(ji)》中作詳(xiang)細記(ji)載。歷代(dai)文(wen)人(ren)墨客陸游(you)(you)、楊(yang)萬(wan)里、汪藻、黃公(gong)度、徐(xu)渭(wei)、周亮工(gong)、袁枚、查慎(shen)行、郁達夫(fu)等也(ye)多有題詠。絢麗的(de)(de)詩文(wen)與雄關古道(dao)、歷史事(shi)件賦(fu)予了(le)仙霞森林(lin)公(gong)園豐富的(de)(de)文(wen)化內涵(han)和深厚(hou)的(de)(de)歷史底(di)蘊。