懷化通道皇都侗族文化村,是侗民族民風民俗最為完整亮麗的地方,因而成為民俗風情游的熱門之地。相傳古夜郎國天子路過此地,被其濃郁的民族風情所迷戀,故建“皇都”城。村寨歷史悠久,鼓樓里、涼亭內、風雨橋邊,處處琴聲悠揚,歌聲如潮。游客來到這里,從隆重的迎賓禮儀,到精彩的表演,再到美食、建筑,濃濃的侗族氛圍將人們緊緊包圍,享受與眾不同的旅游體驗。每當夜幕降臨,鼓樓里鏗鏘的(de)琵琶,寨巷里悠悠的(de)侗(dong)笛,吊腳樓里動(dong)聽的(de)侗(dong)族(zu)歌聲,構成一幅(fu)侗(dong)族(zu)文化的(de)生動(dong)畫面,使(shi)人(ren)流連忘返。隨(sui)著(zhu)中國改革開放的(de)(de)不斷深(shen)入和(he)擴(kuo)大(da),西部大(da)開發(fa)戰略的(de)(de)逐(zhu)步實施,外來文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)現代文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)浪潮(chao)正(zheng)一(yi)浪高過一(yi)浪的(de)(de)沖擊著(zhu)傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)面臨著(zhu)外來文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)現代文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)挑戰。本著(zhu)“民族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)才(cai)是(shi)世(shi)界的(de)(de)”的(de)(de)理(li)念,為(wei)了更(geng)好(hao)的(de)(de)繼承和(he)發(fa)揚侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)優秀傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua),1995年,通(tong)道(dao)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)自治縣政府決定成立皇(huang)都侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)藝術團,使其成為(wei)宣傳(chuan)和(he)展示(shi)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)本土文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)一(yi)個窗口(kou)。巍峨雄偉的(de)(de)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)寨鼓樓,壯觀秀美的(de)(de)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉風雨橋,美妙動聽的(de)(de)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)大(da)歌(ge),味形色美的(de)(de)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)特色飲食深(shen)深(shen)地吸引著(zhu)各路游人。皇(huang)都侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)寨逐(zhu)步成為(wei)了以展示(shi)侗(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)族(zu)(zu)傳(chuan)統(tong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)載體的(de)(de)旅游文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。
皇都(dou)侗寨(zhai)現有三座寨(zhai)門(men),分別為皇都(dou)侗寨(zhai)寨(zhai)門(men)、盤寨(zhai)寨(zhai)門(men)、新寨(zhai)寨(zhai)門(men)。皇都(dou)侗寨(zhai)寨(zhai)門(men)位于(yu)普修橋以(yi)北坪坦公(gong)路上,盤寨(zhai)、新寨(zhai)寨(zhai)門(men)位于(yu)各(ge)寨(zhai)入口處(chu)。各(ge)寨(zhai)門(men)除了景(jing)觀的功能外(wai),還是侗族(zu)村寨(zhai)“邊(bian)界”空間的重(zhong)要構成要素。
皇都侗(dong)寨現(xian)有兩(liang)座鼓(gu)樓(lou),分別(bie)為頭寨鼓(gu)樓(lou)和(he)尾寨鼓(gu)樓(lou),位于現(xian)戲臺兩(liang)側。鼓(gu)樓(lou)是一種純木結構建(jian)(jian)筑,飛檐重閣(ge),層疊(die)而(er)上。侗(dong)族鼓(gu)樓(lou)作為一種公(gong)共性建(jian)(jian)筑,具(ju)有多種功能。如集體(ti)議定村規公(gong)約,排解糾紛,獎罰活動(dong),節日活動(dong)和(he)各種喜事活動(dong)等。此外,這里還是侗(dong)族人民茶余飯(fan)后開展休(xiu)閑娛樂活動(dong),進行(xing)(xing)信息和(he)思想交流的(de)場所,所以鼓(gu)樓(lou)是侗(dong)族人民進行(xing)(xing)社(she)會和(he)文化(hua)活動(dong)的(de)中心。
皇(huang)都侗寨(zhai)的普修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)橋(qiao)(qiao)坐落于坪(ping)坦河上,始(shi)建(jian)于清乾(qian)隆(long)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,后毀于洪水,清嘉慶八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1812)重修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)復修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu),2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)寨(zhai)民(min)對橋(qiao)(qiao)體進行維修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。橋(qiao)(qiao)全長57.7米,寬4.2米,等分成21廊間,橋(qiao)(qiao)廊兩側設(she)置通長直欞窗,四(si)(si)柱三(san)間排架,橋(qiao)(qiao)身為(wei)(wei)重檐(yan)長廊,分設(she)三(san)座橋(qiao)(qiao)亭,橋(qiao)(qiao)兩端各設(she)一橋(qiao)(qiao)門(men),橋(qiao)(qiao)門(men)為(wei)(wei)重檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)頂。兩邊橋(qiao)(qiao)亭為(wei)(wei)三(san)重檐(yan),方(fang)形平(ping)(ping)面(mian)歇(xie)山(shan)頂式(shi),中間橋(qiao)(qiao)亭有七重密(mi)檐(yan),下三(san)層為(wei)(wei)方(fang)形平(ping)(ping)面(mian),上四(si)(si)層為(wei)(wei)八角攢尖葫蘆頂。1988年(nian)(nian)(nian),通道侗族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)人民(min)政(zheng)府行文公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)縣(xian)(xian)級文物(wu)保(bao)護單位,1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)公(gong)布法定(ding)保(bao)護范圍和(he)建(jian)設(she)控制地帶。現在(zai)主要(yao)功能(neng)為(wei)(wei)新寨(zhai)與外界(jie)聯系的紐帶和(he)村民(min)休閑娛樂場所。
重陽樓始建(jian)于清光緒年間,此樓高6米(mi),北京搬家公司,占地30平(ping)方米(mi),共兩層,底層呈正方形,頂部為二重檐,四角歇山(shan)式,造型為廳堂式,是侗族群(qun)眾為老(lao)(lao)年人(ren)修(xiu)建(jian)的(de)休息、聊天、娛樂的(de)場所(suo),體現(xian)了(le)侗族人(ren)民尊老(lao)(lao)敬老(lao)(lao)的(de)傳(chuan)統美(mei)德。
皇都侗(dong)寨僅有一個涼亭(ting),與盤寨寨門(men)相連,為(wei)一層木結構坡屋頂,中(zhong)間設有火(huo)塘,是盤寨村(cun)民日(ri)常生活中(zhong)休息(xi)、聊(liao)天的(de)場所。
自駕從(cong)包茂高速雙江出口(kou)→S221→雙江鎮→X083→黃土(tu)鄉(xiang)
侗(dong)族的(de)風(feng)味食品品種(zhong)很多,頗具特色,主要有(you)油茶(cha)、苦酒、侗(dong)粑。侗(dong)族“嗜酸(suan)成癖”,有(you)“三(san)日(ri)不吃酸(suan),走路打倒竄”的(de)說法(fa)。侗(dong)家四季都腌酸(suan),別有(you)風(feng)味的(de)酸(suan)草魚,一腌就是三(san)五年,甚(shen)至一二十年,是招待上賓或是遇到(dao)紅白喜事才可嘗(chang)到(dao)的(de)美味。
侗族(zu)的(de)穿著絢麗(li)多姿,衣(yi)料(liao)大多是自(zi)(zi)種棉花,自(zi)(zi)紡,自(zi)(zi)織(zhi),自(zi)(zi)染的(de)侗衣(yi),細衣(yi)和(he)侗緞僅(jin)作為(wei)盛裝(zhuang)和(he)配(pei)飾(shi)用。侗族(zu)婦女喜愛(ai)的(de)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)品,大都(dou)為(wei)銀(yin)質,每(mei)逢喜慶佳節,年輕姑娘佩戴的(de)項鏈(lian)、項圈(quan)多達數層,手圈(quan)五(wu)、六對全副重量達十余斤。
民族刺(ci)繡以侗(dong)綿最負(fu)盛名。侗(dong)家姑娘(niang)幾乎人人會織綿,編織侗(dong)綿只能按布紋(wen)紗路的走向(xiang)穿針引線(xian),故圖案的條(tiao)紋(wen)大多是直線(xian),成幾何圖形。侗(dong)綿的色(se)(se)彩著重原色(se)(se)和重色(se)(se),對比鮮明。
侗(dong)(dong)鄉(xiang)一向被譽為“歌(ge)(ge)(ge)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。有(you)(you)(you)“飯(fan)養身子(zi)歌(ge)(ge)(ge)養心”的諺語,可見其對歌(ge)(ge)(ge)非常重視。侗(dong)(dong)族(zu)大歌(ge)(ge)(ge),曾(ceng)以其獨特的多聲部合韻震撼法國巴(ba)黎,名(ming)揚世界(jie)。侗(dong)(dong)族(zu)的民間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)有(you)(you)(you)蘆笙(sheng)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)、哆耶舞(wu)(wu)(wu)、春牛舞(wu)(wu)(wu)、花扁擔(dan)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng),其中(zhong)具有(you)(you)(you)顯著(zhu)民族(zu)特色和濃(nong)郁地方色彩的蘆笙(sheng)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)和哆耶舞(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)侗(dong)(dong)族(zu)藝苑中(zhong)的兩朵奇葩。侗(dong)(dong)族(zu)蘆笙(sheng)、侗(dong)(dong)族(zu)琵琶歌(ge)(ge)(ge)、侗(dong)(dong)錦、侗(dong)(dong)帕(pa)、大戍(shu)梁歌(ge)(ge)(ge)會被公布為湖(hu)南(nan)省非物質遺(yi)產。侗(dong)(dong)鄉(xiang)被譽稱“民族(zu)體(ti)育(yu)之(zhi)鄉(xiang)”,人民喜(xi)愛的體(ti)育(yu)項(xiang)目有(you)(you)(you):搶(qiang)花炮、哆毽、耍春牛、踩(cai)高(gao)腳(jiao)馬(ma)、踩(cai)蘆笙(sheng)、侗(dong)(dong)棋、斗鳥等(deng)。這(zhe)些活(huo)動具有(you)(you)(you)廣(guang)泛的群眾性(xing),并(bing)與文化(hua)娛(yu)樂活(huo)動結合起(qi)(qi)來,與音樂、舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈(dao)、體(ti)等(deng)融會在一起(qi)(qi),給(gei)人以美的享受(shou),有(you)(you)(you)益于身心健康。現傳統的搶(qiang)花炮、射駑、高(gao)腳(jiao)馬(ma)等(deng)已被列為國家比賽(sai)項(xiang)目。