云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)因(yin)黃帝之(zhi)子(zi)少昊(hao)云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氏始(shi)封于此(ci)(ci)而(er)得名(ming),又是第八代神(shen)農(nong)(nong)炎帝的封地。中華(hua)民(min)族的始(shi)祖(zu)炎帝神(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏在(zai)云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)興農(nong)(nong)事(shi)、種(zhong)五(wu)谷、采(cai)茶茗、嘗百草,開(kai)啟了(le)(le)農(nong)(nong)耕文化(hua),開(kai)創(chuang)了(le)(le)中華(hua)醫藥之(zhi)先(xian)(xian)河,至(zhi)今留下(xia)了(le)(le)祈豐(feng)臺、洗(xi)藥池、曬藥坪(ping)、碾(nian)藥槽、煉丹(dan)灶等靈跡。云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)是道佛圣地,早在(zai)南北朝時期,云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)就有(you)(you)宗教活動。唐初,云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)曾(ceng)封為南岳,素(su)有(you)(you)“古南岳”之(zhi)稱。1500多年(nian)(nian)來,云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)先(xian)(xian)后建有(you)(you)云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)仙(xian)、赤松仙(xian)、紫云(yun)仙(xian)。優(you)越的地理環境和興盛(sheng)的道、佛文化(hua),使得云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)常年(nian)(nian)祥云(yun)繞(rao)繞(rao),鐘聲(sheng)悠(you)悠(you),香火綿綿。特別是每年(nian)(nian)的農(nong)(nong)歷(li)六、七月,南岳圣帝在(zai)云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)仙(xian)避暑辦公,也(ye)因(yin)此(ci)(ci)在(zai)民(min)間(jian)形成了(le)(le)“六月七月朝云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),八月朝衡山(shan)(shan)”的習俗。云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)生態環境優(you)美,風光秀麗,空氣清新,大氣、地表水等環境質量(liang)均達一級標準(zhun)。各類林(lin)木(mu)構成一道道清翠蔥蘢的森林(lin)景(jing)觀,負氧離子(zi)含量(liang)高達4.6萬(wan)個(ge)/立方(fang)厘米,是頤養天年(nian)(nian)、修身養性(xing)的理想之(zhi)地。
紫(zi)微(wei)峰西側半山腰突起的(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)峰名(ming)叫老(lao)(lao)君(jun)巖(yan)。這里奇巖(yan)怪石(shi)林立,千姿百態(tai),不(bu)一(yi)而足(zu)。其中兩(liang)塊(kuai)挺(ting)拔高大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)巨石(shi),遠(yuan)看象是一(yi)坐一(yi)立的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)個人在親切交談。大(da)(da)者(zhe)如端(duan)坐的(de)(de)(de)老(lao)(lao)道(dao)(dao)人,稍小(xiao)者(zhe)如全神貫注(zhu)聆聽(ting)教誨(hui)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)童。像(xiang)端(duan)坐的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)人那塊(kuai)巨石(shi)名(ming)為(wei)“老(lao)(lao)君(jun)石(shi)”,像(xiang)聆聽(ting)教誨(hui)的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)童那塊(kuai)名(ming)叫“秦(qin)人石(shi)”老(lao)(lao)君(jun)石(shi)和(he)秦(qin)人石(shi)旁(pang)邊有(you)一(yi)石(shi)窟,名(ming)為(wei)“老(lao)(lao)君(jun)石(shi)屋”,民間(jian)叫它“老(lao)(lao)君(jun)巖(yan)”。
位于赤松山南側的峰峽(xia),因一(yi)(yi)肖似烏(wu)龜的巨巖(yan)(yan)而(er)得(de)名。這里(li),峽(xia)谷(gu)兩側懸崖夾峙,巉(chan)巖(yan)(yan)坷磊林(lin)立,以千姿百(bai)態的造型,為(wei)游(you)人拓展想(xiang)象的空間。更加奇特的是,在(zai)陡峭(qiao)的崖壁上(shang)挺立著一(yi)(yi)排排柏(bo)樹(shu)。這柏(bo)樹(shu)長(chang)不高,狀似蠟燭,當地人叫它“蠟燭柏(bo)”,又稱之為(wei)“壽(shou)燭柏(bo)”。峽(xia)谷(gu)西端正中,一(yi)(yi)股瀑布劈(pi)巖(yan)(yan)擊石,飛瀉而(er)下,瀉落澗谷(gu)。因崖壁有個“神龜”巖(yan)(yan)而(er)得(de)名。神龜澗主要景點有“神龜”巖(yan)(yan)、壽(shou)泉(quan)瀑布、觀瀑橋(qiao)和“神農采藥”巖(yan)(yan)等。
紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)寺座落在(zai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)東(dong)北(bei)麓(lu)的(de)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)微谷(gu)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)谷(gu)朝東(dong)北(bei)開口,近(jin)鄰洣水(shui)。紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是(shi)從北(bei)麓(lu)進山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)第(di)一座山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰。東(dong)側是(shi)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)紅巖(yan)(yan)石構成的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒,屬(shu)丹霞地(di)(di)(di)貌。而(er)西南山(shan)(shan)(shan)體出露巖(yan)(yan)石是(shi)青灰色的(de)板(ban)頁巖(yan)(yan)。兩種(zhong)(zhong)絕然不同地(di)(di)(di)質結(jie)構的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)體連為(wei)一體,很(hen)是(shi)奇特。古人(ren)對(dui)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)質現(xian)象(xiang)不理解,產生了很(hen)多遐想。有(you)(you)的(de)認(ren)為(wei)這(zhe)里(li)承接了南岳(yue)衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)靈氣,如清(qing)代張璿的(de)《紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)》詩稱紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)應(ying)是(shi)衡(heng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)第(di)幾峰清(qing)詩人(ren)陳有(you)(you)為(wei)在(zai)《紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)》詩中稱贊紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)“秀出群巒別作峰。”人(ren)們(men)把(ba)這(zhe)里(li)視為(wei)“風水(shui)寶(bao)地(di)(di)(di)”,清(qing)代茶(cha)陵籍狀元(yuan)蕭錦忠死后,兒孫們(men)按照(zhao)他(ta)的(de)遺囑,把(ba)他(ta)安(an)葬在(zai)這(zhe)塊地(di)(di)(di)盤。佛(fo)、道兩家更是(shi)把(ba)這(zhe)里(li)看作修道悟禪的(de)“洞天福(fu)地(di)(di)(di)”。歷代在(zai)這(zhe)里(li)建有(you)(you)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)仙、真(zhen)武殿、觀音庵(an)、紫(zi)(zi)(zi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)寺。
五(wu)福巖(yan)(yan)是一處高穹、深邃的(de)巖(yan)(yan)窟,位于(yu)紫(zi)云(yun)寺西北(bei)側的(de)紫(zi)云(yun)峰(feng)峽中。從云(yun)陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)北(bei)麓上(shang)山(shan)(shan),紫(zi)云(yun)峰(feng)是云(yun)陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)的(de)第一座山(shan)(shan)峰(feng),紫(zi)云(yun)谷是云(yun)陽(yang)山(shan)(shan)的(de)第一道(dao)“山(shan)(shan)門(men)”,所以人們又把五(wu)福巖(yan)(yan)稱為“五(wu)福臨(lin)門(men)巖(yan)(yan)”。
五雷池是一泓神奇的清泉。這里,石(shi)巖(yan)飛壘(lei),巖(yan)壁縱裂,巖(yan)縫中水(shui)鳴如雷(lei)(lei),涓(juan)涓(juan)泉水(shui)匯入石(shi)窩泉池(chi)。一(yi)年(nian)四季(ji)無論旱澇(lao)(lao),“不盈不竭”,下雨(yu),泉水(shui)也沒(mei)有(you)絲毫(hao)渾濁。奇怪的(de)是(shi)(shi)泉池(chi)中有(you)一(yi)只大(da)(da)青(qing)蛙,平(ping)時(shi)(shi)隱身水(shui)底(di)巖(yan)縫中,如果(guo)從水(shui)底(di)巖(yan)縫中顯露身子,天(tian)(tian)就(jiu)會下雨(yu)。傳說有(you)一(yi)年(nian)天(tian)(tian)大(da)(da)旱,神農命赤(chi)(chi)松(song)(song)子祈天(tian)(tian)求雨(yu)。赤(chi)(chi)松(song)(song)子從東海龍(long)(long)(long)王那里調來青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)興(xing)云(yun)(yun)播雨(yu)。青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)是(shi)(shi)條懶龍(long)(long)(long),它興(xing)云(yun)(yun)播雨(yu)后(hou),只顧(gu)睡懶覺,忘(wang)記收回云(yun)(yun)雨(yu),釀成洪澇(lao)(lao)災害。赤(chi)(chi)松(song)(song)子大(da)(da)怒,用五雷(lei)(lei)法(fa)將青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)幽禁在巖(yan)石(shi)中,派(pai)金蟾(chan)(chan)(chan)將軍(jun)看守(shou),命青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)吐龍(long)(long)(long)涎(xian)化為清泉,將功贖(shu)罪。泉巖(yan)中的(de)金色青(qing)蛙就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)金蟾(chan)(chan)(chan)將軍(jun)的(de)化身。據說,泉池(chi)里要(yao)是(shi)(shi)沒(mei)水(shui)了,金蟾(chan)(chan)(chan)將軍(jun)就(jiu)會押著青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)興(xing)云(yun)(yun)播雨(yu)。后(hou)來,一(yi)遇天(tian)(tian)旱,人們舀干五雷(lei)(lei)池(chi)的(de)水(shui),天(tian)(tian)就(jiu)會下雨(yu),很靈驗。這個習(xi)俗一(yi)直延(yan)續到(dao)民國(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)。
祈豐臺(tai)史載(zai)云陽山是“神農故(gu)封”,由此派生出炎帝(di)和赤(chi)松(song)子在紫(zi)微峰祀(si)天祈豐的(de)傳說和“遺跡”,并形成獨(du)特的(de)祭祀(si)文化。
從株洲中心汽(qi)車(che)站出發,乘坐(zuo)汽(qi)車(che)到達茶(cha)陵,路程為163公里,車(che)程3個小時左(zuo)右,票價35元左(zuo)右,每天有10余班車(che)次。
1、衡(heng)炎高速—茶陵收費站—茶陵大(da)(da)道—犀城大(da)(da)道—赤松路(lu)—云(yun)(yun)陽山東大(da)(da)門牌坊—云(yun)(yun)陽山東大(da)(da)門。
2、106國道(dao)—云陽街—犀城(cheng)大(da)(da)道(dao)—赤松(song)路(lu)—云陽山東(dong)大(da)(da)門牌坊—云陽山東(dong)大(da)(da)門。
湖南云(yun)陽國家(jia)森林公園(yuan)位于湖南省茶陵縣近郊,地理位置介于東經113°30′37.88″~113°27′28.43″,北緯26°48′3.10″~26°43′26.39″之間,總面積(ji)8688.70公頃(qing)。
湖南云陽國家森林公園地(di)(di)處湘贛交界的羅霄山(shan)脈(mo)武(wu)功山(shan)系,屬中山(shan)地(di)(di)貌,最高峰天堂山(shan)海拔(ba)(ba)1130米(mi),最低(di)海拔(ba)(ba)110米(mi)。
湖南(nan)云陽國家森林公園屬中亞(ya)熱帶(dai)濕潤氣(qi)候區(qu),夏無酷暑,冬無嚴寒,陽光充足,雨量充沛。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫14.5℃,無霜期183天左(zuo)右(you),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量1658毫米。
據(ju)2007年論文(wen)資(zi)料顯示(shi),湖南云(yun)陽國家森林(lin)公園內植物資(zi)源物種(zhong)多達,130科464種(zhong),其中列(lie)為國家、省級保護的珍稀品(pin)種(zhong)有銀杏、杜仲、沉水樟、檫木(mu)(mu)、銀木(mu)(mu)荷等。
據2007年論文資料顯(xian)示,湖南云陽國家森林公(gong)園內動物有鹿、黑鹿、穿山甲、貍(li)貓、水獺、大鯢(ni)、獨角(jiao)青(qing)牛、金(jin)環蛇、銀環蛇、兩頭蛇、猴面鷹、鸚鵡等52種。