簡介
寧(ning)遠(yuan)文廟(miao),又(you)名(ming)學宮。位(wei)于湖(hu)南省(sheng)寧(ning)遠(yuan)縣城(cheng)(cheng)西南隅,原建(jian)(jian)于漢泠道故城(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)名(ming)東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)),宋乾德三年(nian)(965年(nian))隨縣城(cheng)(cheng)遷建(jian)(jian)于此。文廟(miao)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)社會里(li)儒(ru)家文化(hua)的代(dai)表性建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),是(shi)祭祀歷史文化(hua)名(ming)人(ren)也(ye)子和唯一官(guan)司辦(ban)的學府(fu),是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)封建(jian)(jian)社會里(li)廟(miao)、學合一的教育機構。寧(ning)遠(yuan)文廟(miao)在(zai)我國(guo)(guo)現(xian)存(cun)的文廟(miao)真建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(含(han)也(ye)廟(miao)、文宣(xuan)王廟(miao)、學宮、夫子廟(miao)、先(xian)師(shi)廟(miao))中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)始建(jian)(jian)年(nian)代(dai)最早,保(bao)存(cun)最完(wan)整的兩座建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之(zhi)一,南北長170.8米(mi)(mi),東(dong)西寬60.2米(mi)(mi),占地10282平方米(mi)(mi),其規模在(zai)全國(guo)(guo)現(xian)存(cun)文廟(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屈指可數。
寧遠(yuan)文廟(miao)以精美的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)著(zhu)稱,特別是20根整體高(gao)5米的(de)(de)灰色大理石(shi)(shi)(shi)蟠龍舞鳳石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)柱采用高(gao)浮(fu)雕(diao)鏤(lou)空工藝,十(shi)分精美,為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)古建筑中所僅有的(de)(de),具有極高(gao)的(de)(de)藝術(shu)價值。被人們稱為(wei)“國(guo)寶”,廟(miao)內(nei)眾多有石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)相(xiang)互輝(hui)映,包括了石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)的(de)(de)全(quan)部工藝手法(fa),猶如一(yi)座完美的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)工藝博物館(guan)。
寧遠文廟(miao)自(zi)北(bei)宋(song)以來(lai),歷經(jing)宋(song)、元、明、清(qing)十(shi)余(yu)次維(wei)修及重修,后存建筑為清(qing)代同治十(shi)二年(1873年)至光緒八年(1882)時所重修。整座(zuo)文廟(miao)建筑規劃合理,結構(gou)科(ke)學(xue),排水迅速、房屋裝修藝術(shu)的地方風格、民族(zu)風格十(shi)分濃烈(lie)。體現了(le)古代勞(lao)動人們(men)的聰明才(cai)智和(he)創造力。1996年11月,經(jing)國務(wu)院公布為全國重點文物保(bao)護(hu)單位。
歷史
寧遠文廟歷史上曾(ceng)多次(ci)進(jin)行修(xiu)繕。明代洪武二年(nian)(nian)(1369)、永樂十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(1419)至(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)化十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1475)、嘉(jia)靖十(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1536)、嘉(jia)靖二十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(1547)數次(ci)重修(xiu);清(qing)代康熙七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(1668)至(zhi)(zhi)二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1681)、乾隆三十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(1768)兩(liang)次(ci)重修(xiu)。清(qing)同治十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(1873),縣人黃習溶(rong)因軍功被(bei)清(qing)朝遷授四品(pin)頂戴,為(wei)振興(xing)人文,捐銀(yin)倡修(xiu)文廟,籌集白銀(yin)六萬余兩(liang),歷十(shi)個冬(dong)春,于光緒八年(nian)(nian)(1882)竣工,成(cheng)為(wei)當時“湖(hu)湘(xiang)之最大”文廟。
近(jin)代,教(jiao)育的普及,文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)推動學(xue)校的教(jiao)育功(gong)能,被辟作(zuo)“民(min)眾教(jiao)育圖書館”。1926年(nian),第(di)一次國內革命戰爭時期,文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)被作(zuo)縣農(nong)運的中心,成了農(nong)會(hui)、工(gong)會(hui)的辦公地點,后(hou)(hou)又在廟(miao)(miao)內先(xian)后(hou)(hou)辦了平民(min)女(nv)子(zi)習(xi)藝工(gong)廠、縣立女(nv)子(zi)高(gao)等(deng)小學(xue)等(deng)。1937年(nian),日寇(kou)進逼長(chang)沙,省會(hui)湖南(nan)私立育群中學(xue)(長(chang)沙市八中)遷來(lai)寧遠,占用文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作(zuo)校舍,直(zhi)至1951年(nian)遷出(chu)。隨后(hou)(hou),文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)被占作(zuo)縣直(zhi)屬(shu)糧庫(ku)的糧倉(cang)。直(zhi)到1959年(nian)文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)定為省級(ji)文(wen)物保護單(dan)位,糧倉(cang)才遷出(chu)。
1959年3月,省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)廳撥款3000元,對鄉(xiang)賢、名宦兩(liang)祠(ci)(ci)作了簡單的裝修,縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)館及縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)藝術(shu)學(xue)校遷(qian)入文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),鄉(xiang)賢祠(ci)(ci)改(gai)作圖書(shu)(shu)室,名宦祠(ci)(ci)作為(wei)文(wen)(wen)藝學(xue)校的辦公(gong)及教師、女生(sheng)住房(fang),西廡(wu)作教室,當(dang)時大成殿的廒(ao)倉尚未(wei)來(lai)(lai)得及拆遷(qian),作藝校的男生(sheng)宿(su)舍。后(hou)來(lai)(lai)男宿(su)舍搬到二(er)中建(jian)在文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)園內(nei)的一棟平(ping)房(fang)里。文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)外(wai)園東(dong)邊(bian)圍(wei)墻(qiang)一帶,則被縣(xian)發電廠(chang)占用(yong),電廠(chang)在圍(wei)墻(qiang)上挖(wa)了兩(liang)個大洞,作為(wei)鍋(guo)爐(lu)門(men),墻(qiang)外(wai)蓋起了鍋(guo)爐(lu)房(fang),南邊(bian)照(zhao)壁(bi)下搭建(jian)了廠(chang)棚,堆(dui)放燃(ran)料(liao)(當(dang)時以木柴(chai)作燃(ran)料(liao)燒鍋(guo)爐(lu))。這期間,盡管文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)先后(hou)被各(ge)機(ji)關、學(xue)校、倉庫占用(yong),但均未(wei)開前門(men),來(lai)(lai)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)館借書(shu)(shu)的讀者(zhe),也只(zhi)能(neng)從東(dong)側(ce)騰蛟(jiao)門(men)進入,仍然是封閉狀態。
1963年10月,省撥款5萬元整修(xiu)文(wen)廟屋面,防滲治漏,保護和延長這處古建筑(zhu)的(de)使用壽命。
1966年,“文(wen)化大革命(ming)”開始后,文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)首當“破四舊”之(zhi)沖,一(yi)批造反(fan)的“紅(hong)(hong)衛兵”沖進文(wen)廟(miao)(miao),半天內砸(za)毀文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)精美石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)達(da)48處,精美的石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)受(shou)到(dao)摧殘,并(bing)準備下(xia)午來卸瓦拆(chai)房,后來,據說是為首的紅(hong)(hong)衛兵“頭頭”回(hui)家后肚疼不止,又遭其母責罵(ma),才沒有率隊再來,避免(mian)了(le)一(yi)場滅頂之(zhi)災。
1967年,縣(xian)文化系統“造反(fan)派”為(wei)(wei)緊跟“大好形(xing)(xing)勢”,表現自己(ji)是革命(ming)群眾(zhong)組織(zhi),將兩(liang)側廂房辟作展廳,用膠合板封上(shang)大成門的浮釘,寫上(shang)毛(mao)主(zhu)席手(shou)體詩詞,在照壁上(shang)開了(le)(le)可供汽車進出的大門,園內立滿了(le)(le)水泥預制板語錄牌,拆(chai)除(chu)大成殿的孔子神龕、皇帝題匾。以毛(mao)澤東歷(li)史照片為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要內容,把文廟命(ming)名為(wei)(wei)“毛(mao)澤東同(tong)志光學(xue)形(xing)(xing)象(xiang)敬仰館”。
1973年(nian)(nian)(nian),國務院(yuan)再次行文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),要(yao)求各地保護(hu)歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)重(zhong)(zhong)新立起(qi)了(le)“湖南(nan)省(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)單位”的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)牌。1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)夏,省(sheng)撥(bo)款3萬(wan)元(yuan),翻(fan)修(xiu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)。1976年(nian)(nian)(nian),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)、圖書館(guan)恢(hui)復建(jian)(jian)制,兩(liang)單位分(fen)別以文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作(zuo)辦公(gong)用房和住房,1979年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)局從文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教(jiao)科中(zhong)分(fen)出(chu)建(jian)(jian)制,借住文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)西廂房辦公(gong)。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)撥(bo)款4.2萬(wan)元(yuan)維修(xiu)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)及崇圣祠。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府重(zhong)(zhong)新頌文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)省(sheng)級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)單位,縣(xian)財(cai)政(zheng)撥(bo)款1.4萬(wan)元(yuan)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)、大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)門、鄉(xiang)賢(xian)名宦兩(liang)祠重(zhong)(zhong)施油漆(qi)。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian),修(xiu)復“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)革”中(zhong)被封閉(bi)的(de)(de)步賢(xian)坊,封閉(bi)了(le)開(kai)(kai)在(zai)(zai)照壁(bi)上的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)門。自1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi),開(kai)(kai)始在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)售票(piao)參觀,每票(piao)人民幣兩(liang)分(fen),后改為(wei)(wei)五分(fen),并在(zai)(zai)步賢(xian)坊收(shou)票(piao),收(shou)入主要(yao)用于(yu)解決文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)內衛生(sheng)維護(hu)支出(chu)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)政(zheng)府限期拆遷了(le)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)革”中(zhong)建(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)步賢(xian)坊門口的(de)(de)水果(guo)店(dian)。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)3月,縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物管理(li)所(suo)正式(shi)(shi)成(cheng)立,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)群(qun)眾游(you)覽的(de)(de)場所(suo),正式(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)放。9月,中(zhong)央美(mei)術學(xue)院(yuan)教(jiao)授周令釗先生(sheng)帶領九(jiu)(jiu)名學(xue)生(sheng)來寧遠(yuan)采風(feng)(feng),對文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)高(gao)浮雕鏤(lou)孔石雕,作(zuo)出(chu)了(le)可與故(gu)宮(gong)太和殿(dian)丹墀比(bi)美(mei)的(de)(de)評價。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian),九(jiu)(jiu)疑山(shan)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)名勝區正式(shi)(shi)經省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府公(gong)布(bu),我們印刷了(le)膠印彩色(se)門票(piao),并標(biao)(biao)上了(le)九(jiu)(jiu)疑山(shan)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)名勝區游(you)覽紀念,將寧遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)九(jiu)(jiu)疑山(shan)風(feng)(feng)景(jing)名勝區的(de)(de)旅(lv)游(you)景(jing)點(dian),對外宣傳和對外開(kai)(kai)放。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物局撥(bo)款2萬(wan)元(yuan),我們修(xiu)復了(le)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)木(mu)質(zhi)頁子(zi)門,縣(xian)財(cai)政(zheng)撥(bo)款1萬(wan)元(yuan),在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)重(zhong)(zhong)塑(su)了(le)孔子(zi)座像。
自1987年(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)圖書館開始遷出(chu)(chu)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)起,占用(yong)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)的(de)(de)老年(nian)(nian)人體協活動中心、縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)化局陸續外遷,至1989年(nian)(nian)冬已(yi)全部遷出(chu)(chu)。為了(le)加強安全保(bao)衛與售票參觀,占用(yong)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)后園的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)化館也另辟大門出(chu)(chu)入,不(bu)再由文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)進出(chu)(chu),文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)開始向專供游覽(lan)的(de)(de)景(jing)點(dian)過渡。
1995年(nian)8月6日(ri),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)建(jian)設部和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)的(de)古(gu)建(jian)專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)鄭(zheng)孝燮、羅哲(zhe)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先生來寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)考察,被寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)精(jing)美(mei)壯觀的(de)石雕龍鳳柱群所(suo)吸(xi)引,留(liu)連(lian)忘返,贊不(bu)絕(jue)口(kou)稱其為(wei)(wei)“不(bu)愧國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)寶”。1996年(nian)11月21日(ri),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院正(zheng)式行文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公布(bu)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)第四批全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位,同年(nian),《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)報(bao)》刊登(deng)了(le)我的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章(zhang)《中(zhong)南(nan)最大(da)(da)的(de)孔廟(miao)(miao)——寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)》,寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)正(zheng)式通過國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)級媒體走向(xiang)海內外(wai)(wai)。嗣后,臺灣喜義市崇圣(sheng)博(bo)物(wu)館又發行了(le)明(ming)信片《寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)大(da)(da)成殿(dian)》的(de)照(zhao)片。1997年(nian),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)建(jian)設部、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局(ju)聯合編撰的(de)大(da)(da)型文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻性圖(tu)書(shu)《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風(feng)景名勝大(da)(da)觀》(古(gu)跡券(quan))收入(ru)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)照(zhao)片。此(ci)書(shu)由(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化出版(ban)公司(si)出版(ban),并向(xiang)各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)駐華使館贈送和(he)向(xiang)海外(wai)(wai)發行。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)著名名勝古(gu)跡,由(you)(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)主(zhu)管部門和(he)出版(ban)機構推向(xiang)世界(jie)。每年(nian)接待游客逐年(nian)遞(di)增。英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、加拿(na)大(da)(da)、日(ri)本等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)一些學者訪問了(le)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)。
建筑
寧(ning)遠文廟(miao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布局十分(fen)規范(fan),建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)采用前(qian)園(yuan)后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)中(zhong)軸線(xian)對稱(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)排(pai)列。主次(ci)分(fen)明(ming)(ming),中(zhong)思線(xian)上(shang)自南至(zhi)北(bei)有(you)(you)泮(pan)池(chi)、極星(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿、啟圣殿,左右兩(liang)側分(fen)別(bie)有(you)(you)登(deng)圣坊(fang)、步賢坊(fang)、騰(teng)(teng)蛟(jiao)門(men)(men)(men)、起鳳門(men)(men)(men)、名宦祠、鄉(xiang)賢祠、明(ming)(ming)倫堂(tang)(今(jin)教室(shi)(shi))、尊(zun)經(jing)閣(圖書室(shi)(shi))等(deng)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)恢宏典(dian)雅(ya),園(yuan)中(zhong)風荷滿池(chi),游魚可數(shu),綠(lv)(lv)樹掩映,鳥語花香,院(yuan)內廊坊(fang)相連(lian),曲回環繞,清靜幽雅(ya)。[1] 寧(ning)遠文廟(miao)座北(bei)朝南,東西(xi)(xi)寬60.2米(mi),南北(bei)長170.8米(mi)。占(zhan)地10282平方米(mi)。建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)采用中(zhong)軸線(xian)對稱(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)布局,中(zhong)軸線(xian)上(shang)自南至(zhi)北(bei)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)別(bie)為照壁(bi)、泮(pan)池(chi)、欞星(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿、崇(chong)圣祠;兩(liang)側對稱(cheng)(cheng)式(shi)排(pai)列著登(deng)圣坊(fang)、步賢坊(fang)、騰(teng)(teng)蛟(jiao)門(men)(men)(men)、起鳳門(men)(men)(men)、鄉(xiang)賢祠、名宦祠、東西(xi)(xi)廡、尊(zun)經(jing)閣、明(ming)(ming)倫堂(tang)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)及鄉(xiang)賢、名宦兩(liang)祠建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相連(lian)形成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)道東西(xi)(xi)屏障,將(jiang)文廟(miao)分(fen)隔(ge)成(cheng)(cheng)前(qian)園(yuan)與(yu)后(hou)(hou)院(yuan)兩(liang)進院(yuan)落,園(yuan)中(zhong)池(chi)映風荷,綠(lv)(lv)樹扶蔭,欞星(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)石(shi)(shi)坊(fang)峙立(li),一(yi)派(pai)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)園(yuan)林景色;院(yuan)內建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),曲廊環回將(jiang)東西(xi)(xi)廡、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿、尊(zun)經(jing)閣、明(ming)(ming)倫堂(tang)、崇(chong)圣祠連(lian)接(jie)在一(yi)起,為典(dian)型的(de)(de)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)四合院(yuan)式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)是寧(ning)遠文廟(miao)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝飾的(de)(de)特色,它不(bu)僅擁(yong)有(you)(you)全國(guo)(guo)古建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)唯一(yi)的(de)(de)龍鳳石(shi)(shi)柱群石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao),還有(you)(you)月臺圍欄石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)、丹陛石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)、欞星(xing)(xing)門(men)(men)(men)石(shi)(shi)坊(fang)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao),及三對立(li)獅石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao),這些石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)手法囊括了高浮雕(diao)(diao)、鏤孔(kong)、淺(qian)浮雕(diao)(diao)、線(xian)刻等(deng),工(gong)藝(yi)精湛,造型生(sheng)動,線(xian)條(tiao)柔和。壯觀(guan)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)與(yu)朱(zhu)梁(liang)黃瓦的(de)(de)宮殿式(shi)建筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相映生(sheng)輝。