黑龍江哈爾濱白漁泡(pao)國(guo)家濕(shi)地公園(yuan),水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)曾(ceng)盛產白漁,因(yin)此而(er)得名。泡(pao)內呈(cheng)現濕(shi)地地貌,常(chang)年積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui),豐水(shui)(shui)(shui)期(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)可達(da)3米,水(shui)(shui)(shui)源除夏季(ji)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)匯集外(wai),區域內有自噴式泉眼,冬季(ji)不凍,夏季(ji)氣候清新爽(shuang)朗(lang),溫(wen)度(du)適宜,漫步其中(zhong)(zhong),觀(guan)鶴(he)、賞葦(wei)、垂釣、采摘(zhai),讓游(you)(you)客真正體會到藍天碧水(shui)(shui)(shui)綠(lv)葦(wei)、魚(yu)鳥(niao)同游(you)(you)、與(yu)魚(yu)同樂的人間樂趣,是人們(men)融入自然、認識自然、回歸自然、陶冶情(qing)操、消除疲(pi)勞、愉悅心情(qing)的最佳環境和(he)場所。園(yuan)內還開辟了蘆葦(wei)蕩游(you)(you)湖、野生垂釣、觀(guan)鳥(niao)賞花、農(nong)家采摘(zhai)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)上野營、林中(zhong)(zhong)住宿(su)等游(you)(you)樂項目。
公園濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保育區(qu)(qu)包括濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)重(zhong)點保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)科(ke)研監測區(qu)(qu);濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)科(ke)學(xue)園區(qu)(qu)按主題分為濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)動(dong)物園、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)景觀觀賞、濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鳥類觀賞和(he)(he)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)知識長廊;濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)與利(li)用示范(fan)區(qu)(qu)包括濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)恢復區(qu)(qu)、鳥類棲(qi)息地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)生態種植業示范(fan)區(qu)(qu);濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)旅游開發區(qu)(qu)包括魚(yu)塘(tang)垂釣(diao)、荷塘(tang)采摘和(he)(he)水上(shang)游樂等(deng)休閑游樂區(qu)(qu)。
339路公交車(太平橋-白魚泡濕(shi)地(di)公園)
由先(xian)鋒路(lu)-哈同高速-環(huan)城(cheng)高速-五(wu)星(xing)村(cun)(cun)出口(kou)-江南中(zhong)環(huan)路(lu)-民主鄉政(zheng)府-紅星(xing)村(cun)(cun)-城(cheng)子(zi)村(cun)(cun)-松濱(bin)監獄-白魚泡濕地(di)公(gong)園
公園處于道(dao)外區(qu)(qu)松花江南岸(an)的(de)濕(shi)地(di),呈狹長(chang)分布,東靠蜚克圖河,與賓縣糖坊鎮一河之隔(ge),南與永源鎮接壤,西與民主鄉(xiang)毗鄰,北至松花江南岸(an)與呼蘭區(qu)(qu)腰堡鄉(xiang)隔(ge)江相望。
濕地公園現狀(zhuang)地勢低洼,平(ping)(ping)均海拔117m,北(bei)(bei)距松(song)(song)花江南(nan)堤3.0km,現狀(zhuang)中部(bu)為湖泡,平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)深1.0-1.5m,湖中長滿蘆(lu)葦(wei)和香蒲等水(shui)生植物(wu)。四(si)周已開辟為稻田和魚池(chi),北(bei)(bei)側(ce)有(you)一(yi)塊平(ping)(ping)地。湖泊補水(shui)主要有(you)自(zi)噴式泉眼和四(si)周降水(shui)匯(hui)集(ji)。兩處(chu)溝渠匯(hui)集(ji)四(si)周雨水(shui)至此,北(bei)(bei)側(ce)有(you)一(yi)條溝渠與松(song)(song)花江連(lian)通,起到排(pai)水(shui)作用(yong)。
濕(shi)地公園(yuan)位于(yu)中緯度歐(ou)亞大(da)(da)陸(lu)東(dong)岸(an),屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶大(da)(da)陸(lu)性氣候,四季(ji)分(fen)明。水循環(huan)不活躍,主要(yao)受大(da)(da)陸(lu)氣團控制,降水稀少(shao),氣候干(gan)旱,氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)年較(jiao)差、日較(jiao)差都大(da)(da),氣象萬千;冬季(ji)盛行(xing)偏(pian)北風(feng),寒冷(leng)干(gan)燥(zao);夏季(ji)盛行(xing)東(dong)南風(feng),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)潤(run);春溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升高(gao)快(kuai),秋溫(wen)(wen)(wen)降低亦快(kuai);年平均溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度為3.5℃,極(ji)端(duan)最高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen):36.4℃,極(ji)端(duan)*最低氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-38.1℃,全年無霜期124d,有效(xiao)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2700-2800℃,年平均降水量523.30mm,全年平均風(feng)速4.1s/m。
濕地(di)公園(yuan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型有白漿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、暗(an)棕(zong)壤、黑土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、泥(ni)炭(tan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等,具有濕地(di)地(di)域特色。草甸(dian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)主(zhu)要(yao)分部于江(jiang)河兩岸的沖積平原,沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)泥(ni)炭(tan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)主(zhu)要(yao)公布在(zai)低洼地(di)、地(di)下水位(wei)高、地(di)表長(chang)期(qi)積水的地(di)段,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤富含豐富養分,是天然的有機肥(fei)料。
鳥類
濕(shi)地公園共(gong)調(diao)查共(gong)記錄15目(mu)(mu)35科122種(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)。其中(zhong),非雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)計14目(mu)(mu)17科58種(zhong)(zhong),占全區鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)48%;雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)18科64種(zhong)(zhong)占52%。在(zai)非雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)中(zhong),雁形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)、隼形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)有34種(zhong)(zhong),占雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)的(de)63%。雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)的(de)主(zhu)要以山雀(que)(que)科和雀(que)(que)科為(wei)主(zhu),共(gong)計45種(zhong)(zhong),占雀(que)(que)形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)總數的(de)68%。在(zai)調(diao)查的(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)中(zhong),以綠頭(tou)鴨、赤嘴潛(qian)鴨、針尾沙錐(zhui)、江鷗、白(bai)額燕(yan)鷗、戴勝、去雀(que)(que)、金腰(yao)燕(yan)、鳳頭(tou)麥(mai)雞量(liang)最多(duo),為(wei)優勢種(zhong)(zhong)。
哺乳類野生動物
白魚泡濕(shi)地(di)公園共分(fen)布4目(mu)9科20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)獸(shou)類。公園距離居民(min)區較近,人類活動頻繁,再(zai)加上原來偷獵(lie)現象(xiang)嚴重,因此區內除了(le)能見到(dao)大(da)量(liang)的(de)嚙齒(chi)目(mu)和少(shao)量(liang)的(de)小型(xing)哺(bu)乳(ru)類動物外,已基本上見不到(dao)其它大(da)型(xing)哺(bu)乳(ru)動物。嚙齒(chi)目(mu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類占全部哺(bu)乳(ru)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類的(de)61%,從數量(liang)上看,以麝(she)鼠(shu)(shu)、黑線(xian)姬鼠(shu)(shu)、褐家鼠(shu)(shu)、小家鼠(shu)(shu)為(wei)優(you)勢種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
兩爬類動物
濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園兩爬類動物有2目(mu)3科5種(zhong)。主要生(sheng)活在(zai)沼澤(ze)、草甸和水域中,其中,極北鯢、黑龍江林蛙(wa)、蝮蛇為濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公園的(de)優(you)勢種(zhong),具有重要的(de)經濟(ji)和生(sheng)態價值;中華大(da)蟾(chan)(chan)蜍(chu)、花北蟾(chan)(chan)蜍(chu)、東北雨蛙(wa)、黑斑蛙(wa)、白條錦(jin)蛇為廣布種(zhong)。
魚類
濕地公園中(zhong)部為湖泡,平均水(shui)深1.0-1.5m,湖底(di)平坦,基本無障(zhang)礙物(wu)(wu)。湖周(zhou)圍為農田、草甸(dian),植被較差(cha)。但由(you)于(yu)土質良(liang)好,沿岸帶(dai)及淺(qian)水(shui)區生長有(you)(you)大量次陸(lu)生植物(wu)(wu)和水(shui)生維(wei)管束植物(wu)(wu)。湖中(zhong)魚(yu)類經標本鑒定共有(you)(you)4目8科28種,其中(zhong)以鯉魚(yu)類最多,有(you)(you)20余(yu)種,占(zhan)魚(yu)類種類的64.5%。人工(gong)放養種類和隨人工(gong)放養帶(dai)入(ru)的種類有(you)(you)鰱、草、青魚(yu)等,占(zhan)魚(yu)類總數(shu)的16.13%。
白漁泡(pao)濕地天然(ran)水陸(lu)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種類(lei)(lei)繁多(duo),隸屬(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)界蕨類(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)門(men)與被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)門(men)2個(ge)門(men)、3個(ge)綱(gang)、16個(ge)目、29個(ge)科(ke)還(huan)有1個(ge)獨立科(ke)。
乘船(chuan)游覽(lan)于蘆葦蕩中,坐享(xiang)沙(sha)鷗翔集、錦鱗(lin)游泳(yong)之境(jing);坐在草廊(lang)種品杯香茗,待夕(xi)陽西下(xia),落霞(xia)與孤鶩齊(qi)飛,秋水共(gong)長(chang)天一(yi)色之境(jing)盡(jin)收眼底。
享受悠閑垂釣,觀看漁民(min)表演(yan)“下掛子”、“迷魂網陣”、“撒網”、“下地(di)籠”等(deng)捕魚方式,感(gan)受觀魚、喂魚的樂趣。