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簡介

青(qing)龍山恐(kong)龍蛋化石群國家級自然保護區(qu)位(wei)于湖(hu)北省鄖縣境內(nei)，地(di)處漢江中(zhong)上游秦巴山區(qu)，史有“鄂(e)之(zhi)屏(ping)障，陜之(zhi)咽(yan)喉，蜀之(zhi)外局”之(zhi)稱，其(qi)(qi)東枕道(dao)教圣地(di)武(wu)當山，西傍長(chang)江最(zui)(zui)大(da)的支流漢江。地(di)理坐標(biao)東經110°42′50″－110°48′42″，北緯(wei)32°47′30″－32°49′40″，總面積(ji)約(yue)45平(ping)方千(qian)米(mi)。209國道(dao)、襄渝鐵路(lu)及在建的銀(yin)（銀(yin)川(chuan)）武(wu)（武(wu)漢）高速(su)公(gong)路(lu)穿梭其(qi)(qi)間，交(jiao)通便利，區(qu)位(wei)優越。氣(qi)候(hou)屬北亞(ya)熱帶溫(wen)濕氣(qi)候(hou)，四季(ji)分明；年降雨量300－915毫米(mi)，其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)7、8、9三個月(yue)雨量最(zui)(zui)多；年最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)溫(wen)40℃，最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)－10℃，年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)15℃－16℃，年無霜期240天。

青龍(long)山保護區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于秦(qin)嶺褶(zhe)皺帶東端，從晉寧(ning)運(yun)動開始(shi)，境(jing)內(nei)地(di)層受到多次構造作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)和(he)熱變質(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)影(ying)響，形(xing)成了一(yi)(yi)些復(fu)雜的構造變形(xing)變質(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)產物，留(liu)下了許多險崖陡壁，峽谷峭峰(feng)，境(jing)內(nei)溪流、瀑布、奇花異草、自然洞天(tian)眾多。由于長期風化剝蝕，區(qu)(qu)內(nei)為低山丘陵地(di)貌，平均(jun)海拔(ba)220m左(zuo)右，相對高(gao)差(cha)50m左(zuo)右。這里保留(liu)有18億(yi)多年滄海桑田變遷(qian)的紀(ji)錄，留(liu)下了許多內(nei)涵(han)豐(feng)富、罕見奇特(te)、典型多樣(yang)的地(di)質(zhi)遺跡。這里群(qun)峰(feng)競秀、物華天(tian)寶、人杰地(di)靈，被(bei)譽為華夏民(min)族(zu)的發祥地(di)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，漢文化的搖籃，是久負(fu)盛名的“恐龍(long)之(zhi)鄉”。

青龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)群由臥龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)、紅寨子、青龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)、土(tu)廟嶺、磨石(shi)(shi)(shi)溝(gou)、莊(zhuang)溝(gou)等(deng)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)群組成(cheng)，賦(fu)存在晚白(bai)堊(e)紀(ji)地層的粉紅色砂礫巖中(zhong)，距今約(yue)6500—13500萬年(nian)。在保護(hu)區紅寨子北坡、土(tu)廟嶺區可見到6個產蛋(dan)層，除在個別層位只見到恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)殼化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)碎片外，絕大部(bu)分(fen)層位的恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)均保持(chi)較原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)的成(cheng)窩(wo)(wo)狀(zhuang)態。化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的主要形(xing)態有卵球形(xing)、球形(xing)、扁球形(xing)等(deng)，蛋(dan)殼顏(yan)色有褐、暗褐、灰白(bai)色三(san)種，分(fen)別屬于五個恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)科(ke)：樹枝蛋(dan)科(ke)、網狀(zhuang)蛋(dan)科(ke)、蜂窩(wo)(wo)蛋(dan)科(ke)、棱齒龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)科(ke)、圓(yuan)形(xing)蛋(dan)科(ke)，其中(zhong)樹枝蛋(dan)科(ke)分(fen)布最(zui)(zui)廣(guang)、數量最(zui)(zui)多，約(yue)占70%。青龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)群具有數量和種類多，分(fen)布集中(zhong)、埋藏淺、原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)狀(zhuang)態保存較好(hao)的特點，發現最(zui)(zui)多的一窩(wo)(wo)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)多達61枚，舉世罕見。

歷史沿革

青龍山恐(kong)龍蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)1995年(nian)發現后，當年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)，鄖(yun)縣(xian)人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)批(pi)準在“柳(liu)(liu)陂(po)鎮青龍山、紅寨子恐(kong)龍蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化石(shi)產(chan)出(chu)地(di)(di)(di)設立縣(xian)級地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡保護區(qu)(qu)”。1996年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)，十(shi)堰市(shi)(shi)人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)將鄖(yun)縣(xian)柳(liu)(liu)陂(po)鎮青龍山恐(kong)龍蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)列為市(shi)(shi)級地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡保護區(qu)(qu)。1997年(nian)1月(yue)(yue)，湖北(bei)省(sheng)人民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)批(pi)準在鄖(yun)縣(xian)青龍山恐(kong)龍蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)建立省(sheng)級地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡保護區(qu)(qu)，歸口省(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)礦廳管理(li)。2001年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)，國務院批(pi)準設立“湖北(bei)青龍山恐(kong)龍蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)(qu)”。2005年(nian)8月(yue)(yue)，以青龍山恐(kong)龍蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)景(jing)觀為主，整合鄖(yun)縣(xian)其它(ta)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺跡資源(yuan)的鄖(yun)縣(xian)國家地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公園(yuan)通過國土資源(yuan)部評審。

地質地貌

青(qing)龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石群(qun)自然(ran)保護(hu)區青(qing)龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石群(qun)自然(ran)保護(hu)區位于鄖縣盆(pen)地(di)西緣，海拔約220米，相對高差50米。區內出露地(di)層(ceng)主要(yao)為(wei)中元古(gu)武(wu)當群(qun)、白堊系(xi)(xi)上統、第四系(xi)(xi)。其(qi)(qi)中白堊系(xi)(xi)上統角砂(sha)巖、含角礫的(de)粉砂(sha)巖和細砂(sha)巖為(wei)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石產蛋(dan)地(di)層(ceng)，其(qi)(qi)可分(fen)為(wei)上、中、下三個部分(fen)：

1.下部巖(yan)性(xing)，自(zi)下而上主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)角礫巖(yan)、含角礫粉砂巖(yan)，該層厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)2－15米。在含角礫的粉砂巖(yan)和(he)細砂巖(yan)中，產豐富的恐龍(long)化石和(he)蛋殼化石碎(sui)片；

2.中(zhong)部巖(yan)性，主要為(wei)礫(li)巖(yan)、砂(sha)(sha)質礫(li)巖(yan)、泥質礫(li)巖(yan)、含礫(li)砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)、含礫(li)粉砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)及含礫(li)泥巖(yan)，且在垂(chui)向(xiang)上呈頻繁交(jiao)互出現，該層厚度可達74米；

3.上(shang)部(bu)巖(yan)性，底部(bu)為一巨厚層(ceng)灰(hui)質(zhi)礫巖(yan)，其上(shang)為中細粒(li)石英砂巖(yan)、粉砂巖(yan)。三部(bu)分巖(yan)性組(zu)合的變(bian)化反(fan)映了白(bai)堊系上(shang)統自下而上(shang)粒(li)度總體(ti)由粗變(bian)細的規律。

恐龍蛋化石群

位于(yu)湖北(bei)省(sheng)十堰(yan)市(shi)和鄖縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)之間的柳陂鎮(zhen)青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)，面(mian)積約(yue)4平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)，距今六千萬(wan)年——八千萬(wan)年左右。該(gai)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)群(qun)東距縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)約(yue)12公(gong)(gong)里(li)，南距十堰(yan)市(shi)區(qu)(qu)18公(gong)(gong)里(li)。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)地(di)質(zhi)大(da)學（武漢）有關課題組96年2月(yue)提交的《湖北(bei)省(sheng)鄖縣(xian)(xian)青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)白堊紀地(di)層(ceng)、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)及其(qi)地(di)質(zhi)遺跡(ji)保護(hu)初步研究報(bao)告》和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古生物學會秘(mi)書長李風麟教(jiao)授等(deng)專家考察研究，青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)具有以下基本(ben)特(te)點： 數(shu)(shu)(shu)量大(da)。地(di)表可見(jian)的恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)或(huo)蛋(dan)坑(keng)有2000個(ge)。在分(fen)布(bu)(bu)最集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的腹(fu)地(di)青(qing)(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)約(yue)6萬(wan)平方米(mi)范圍內(nei)，地(di)下貯(zhu)存的恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)更多(duo)(duo)。 埋藏(zang)淺。產(chan)蛋(dan)地(di)層(ceng)大(da)多(duo)(duo)已露(lu)(lu)出接近(jin)地(di)表，稍加揭露(lu)(lu)即可見(jian)到在窩(wo)(wo)成片完(wan)(wan)整的恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，對研究、開(kai)發均有利。 種類多(duo)(duo)。目前國(guo)際報(bao)導(dao)發現的8個(ge)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)科(ke)(ke)，國(guo)內(nei)報(bao)導(dao)發現的7個(ge)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)科(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在該(gai)區(qu)(qu)發現有5個(ge)科(ke)(ke)，且本(ben)區(qu)(qu)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和科(ke)(ke)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的屬種為首次所見(jian)。 分(fen)布(bu)(bu)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)密集程度高(gao)，在地(di)層(ceng)剖面(mian)上(shang)產(chan)蛋(dan)層(ceng)位一(yi)般為2-6層(ceng)，且層(ceng)位比(bi)較(jiao)穩(wen)定，僅土廟(miao)嶺分(fen)布(bu)(bu)有5層(ceng)，同一(yi)層(ceng)位蛋(dan)窩(wo)(wo)間距一(yi)般為3-5米(mi)，最密處不足3米(mi)，每窩(wo)(wo)蛋(dan)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)量一(yi)般為10個(ge)左右，最多(duo)(duo)可見(jian)25個(ge)。 保存完(wan)(wan)好。化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)及區(qu)(qu)內(nei)地(di)貌保存較(jiao)完(wan)(wan)整，基本(ben)保存了原始(shi)成窩(wo)(wo)狀態，地(di)質(zhi)信息相當(dang)豐富。

保護價值

鄖縣青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)群(qun)是繼河(he)南(nan)西峽恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)之后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)又一重(zhong)大發現，海外報(bao)刊驚嘆(tan)青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)“全球(qiu)(qiu)最完整(zheng)、規模超(chao)西峽”。地(di)質(zhi)專家聲稱：“這一罕見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)質(zhi)遺跡是地(di)球(qiu)(qiu)漫長地(di)質(zhi)歷(li)史時(shi)期，由(you)于(yu)各種內外動力地(di)質(zhi)作用，形成、發展并遺留下來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、不可(ke)再(zai)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)質(zhi)自然遺產(chan)”。 鄖縣青(qing)(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)以其獨特之處為國內外研究恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)生活習性、繁殖方式及當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生態(tai)環境提供了十分珍貴(gui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實物證據，對(dui)(dui)研究古地(di)理、古氣候(hou)、地(di)球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)變(bian)、生物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進化，對(dui)(dui)探(tan)討恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統分類與(yu)演(yan)化、對(dui)(dui)探(tan)索(suo)地(di)球(qiu)(qiu)上恐(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)大批死亡、滅絕原因具有(you)十分重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)科學價值。

管理現狀

青龍山保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)成立(li)以來(lai)，各級政府和主(zhu)管部門高度重視保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與開發工(gong)作，通(tong)(tong)過爭取地質(zhi)遺跡保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)經(jing)費和自籌、招商引資等方(fang)式，目前已修(xiu)建(jian)高2.7米(mi)、總長(chang)(chang)629米(mi)的(de)封閉式圍墻，將核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)24555平方(fang)米(mi)范圍內的(de)恐(kong)龍蛋化石(shi)實施封閉保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)；架起(qi)了一(yi)長(chang)(chang)100米(mi)、寬(kuan)6米(mi)的(de)太陽板防(fang)風化棚(peng)，防(fang)止核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)已裸露(lu)的(de)恐(kong)龍蛋化石(shi)風化；開通(tong)(tong)了排水溝和人(ren)(ren)行通(tong)(tong)道(dao)；建(jian)起(qi)了地質(zhi)遺跡防(fang)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)欄；樹立(li)了保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)界碑。2007年6月，裝飾一(yi)新的(de)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)綜合樓竣工(gong)并交付使用；保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)員得到(dao)(dao)了落實，辦公、交通(tong)(tong)、通(tong)(tong)訊設施也(ye)得到(dao)(dao)了較大改善(shan)(shan)。另外(wai)，修(xiu)建(jian)了從209國道(dao)通(tong)(tong)往保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)5千(qian)米(mi)水泥公路；在(zai)核(he)心(xin)區(qu)(qu)建(jian)立(li)了崗哨和化石(shi)陳列室；制(zhi)作了恐(kong)龍模(mo)型。保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)管理的(de)人(ren)(ren)、財、物(wu)基本得到(dao)(dao)落實，保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內自然環境得到(dao)(dao)了改善(shan)(shan)，地質(zhi)遺跡保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)職(zhi)能充分發揮。

青龍(long)(long)山(shan)保護區重視科(ke)研(yan)(yan)工作，開(kai)展了(le)1:10000地(di)質(zhi)與生(sheng)態環(huan)境調(diao)查(cha)、1:500地(di)質(zhi)景(jing)觀詳細調(diao)查(cha)、產蛋地(di)層(ceng)調(diao)查(cha)、恐龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石(shi)(shi)類型鑒定等基礎性地(di)質(zhi)工作，提交了(le)《湖北鄖縣青龍(long)(long)山(shan)一帶晚(wan)白堊世地(di)層(ceng)及(ji)恐龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石(shi)(shi)初步研(yan)(yan)究》、《湖北鄖縣青龍(long)(long)山(shan)一帶的晚(wan)白堊世恐龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石(shi)(shi)》等科(ke)研(yan)(yan)論(lun)文。

2005年(nian)，以青(qing)龍(long)山恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)群(qun)為(wei)主的(de)鄖(yun)(yun)縣國家地(di)質(zhi)公園獲得國土資源部(bu)批準(zhun)，它擁有舉世(shi)罕見的(de)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)群(qun)奇(qi)觀，同時這里還(huan)出土了單棘龍(long)、巴克龍(long)骨(gu)骼化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，“鄖(yun)(yun)縣人”頭骨(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)、梅鋪猿人牙(ya)齒(chi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，每(mei)一次新的(de)發(fa)現都讓世(shi)界為(wei)之一震，這讓鄖(yun)(yun)縣成為(wei)古(gu)(gu)生物與古(gu)(gu)脊椎動物研究的(de)理想地(di)。

現在(zai)，保護區(qu)搶抓鄖(yun)(yun)縣國家(jia)地質公(gong)園建設的(de)機遇，加強保護區(qu)管護能力，制作了(le)《鄖(yun)(yun)縣國家(jia)地質公(gong)園總體規劃》、《鄖(yun)(yun)縣國家(jia)地質公(gong)園青(qing)(qing)龍(long)山(shan)主題景區(qu)控制性詳細規劃》，這兩個(ge)規劃正在(zai)逐步(bu)實(shi)施之中，相信通過努(nu)力，青(qing)(qing)龍(long)山(shan)恐龍(long)蛋化石群國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)的(de)明天(tian)會(hui)更好。

開發前景

青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)群(qun)自然(ran)保護區開發前景十分誘人(ren)，以青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)群(qun)為(wei)主題涵蓋(gai)柳陂農(nong)業觀(guan)光(guang)園(yuan)、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)湖金砂(sha)(sha)灣水上(shang)樂園(yuan)的(de)(de)鄖陽地質公園(yuan)己初具規模。其(qi)一(yi)(yi)，該區是中國唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)個地質遺(yi)(yi)跡類國家級自然(ran)保護區，為(wei)青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)群(qun)的(de)(de)開發利用(yong)創(chuang)造了(le)(le)條(tiao)件(jian)。其(qi)二，配套設施日趨完善。二級公路改造、核心區封閉(bi)圍墻、環形(xing)參觀(guan)路線、地質剖(pou)面(mian)揭露、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋化石(shi)剝離等工程先后完工，接待室(shi)、影像室(shi)、陳列室(shi)相繼開門迎賓，梅鋪(pu)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)骼(ge)化石(shi)落戶(hu)青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)，為(wei)青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)又增加了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)道亮麗風景線。形(xing)成了(le)(le)以青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)湖、鄖陽大成殿、南方(fang)猿人(ren)遺(yi)(yi)址等觀(guan)光(guang)旅(lv)游(you)區；特別(bie)是恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)湖上(shang)的(de)(de)明珠——金砂(sha)(sha)灣水上(shang)樂園(yuan)開業后，吸引了(le)(le)八(ba)方(fang)賓朋(peng)。其(qi)三，區位優越(yue)。該區交通便利，東(dong)靠鄖縣漢江斜拉(la)橋8公里，南鄰十堰市區23公里，距青曲“南方(fang)古猿”、“梅鋪(pu)猿人(ren)”遺(yi)(yi)址和恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)骼(ge)化石(shi)產地僅40—70公里，已形(xing)成了(le)(le)集“科研—科普—旅(lv)游(you)觀(guan)光(guang)”三位—體(ti)的(de)(de)格(ge)局。