查(cha)干(gan)湖(hu)自然資源十(shi)分豐富,這(zhe)里有狐、兔、獾等野生(sheng)動(dong)物20多(duo)(duo)種,有國家一級重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)的東方白(bai)(bai)鸛(guan)、黑(hei)鸛(guan)、丹頂鶴、白(bai)(bai)鶴、白(bai)(bai)頭鶴、金雕、白(bai)(bai)尾海雕、大鴇、中(zhong)華(hua)秋沙(sha)鴨等9種。國家二(er)級重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)的白(bai)(bai)天(tian)鵝、黑(hei)臉琵鷺等35種。珍(zhen)貴鳥(niao)類80多(duo)(duo)種,野生(sheng)植(zhi)物200多(duo)(duo)種,其中(zhong)藥用植(zhi)物149種。查(cha)干(gan)湖(hu)盛產鯉魚(yu)、鰱魚(yu)、鯽魚(yu)、武昌魚(yu)等15科68種魚(yu)類,年產鮮魚(yu)6000多(duo)(duo)噸。其中(zhong)“查(cha)干(gan)湖(hu)胖頭魚(yu)”經國家綠(lv)色食(shi)品認(ren)證中(zhong)心(xin)認(ren)證為2A級綠(lv)色食(shi)品、有機食(shi)品,遠(yuan)銷(xiao)省內外。
查干(gan)湖自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)生境以(yi)湖、泡、江、河以(yi)及(ji)沼澤濕(shi)地(di)為主,但還有(you)(you)林(lin)地(di)、田野、草甸、灌木叢和居(ju)民點(dian)等,因此,賴以(yi)棲息(xi)、生存(cun)的(de)鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)也較多(duo)。據考察有(you)(you)239種(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)于16目(mu)(mu)17科(ke),占吉林(lin)省鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)數(334種(zhong)(zhong))的(de)71.6%。在(zai)這239種(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)中(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)水禽(qin)類(lei)居(ju)多(duo),計101種(zhong)(zhong),占區(qu)(qu)內鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)41.3%,其中(zhong)(zhong)包括有(you)(you)鸊鷉(ti)目(mu)(mu)、鵜形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)、鸛形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)、雁形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)、鶴形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)、鷗形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)及(ji)佛法僧目(mu)(mu)翠(cui)鳥(niao)(niao)科(ke)的(de)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei);另外,雀形(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳴禽(qin)類(lei)鳥(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)也很豐富(fu),計100種(zhong)(zhong),占41.8%;再者是猛禽(qin)類(lei)23種(zhong)(zhong),占9.6%。
按鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)居留(liu)(liu)型來分析,本區鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)以(yi)旅鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)居多,計109種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)45.6%;其次是夏(xia)候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao),計97種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)40.6%;這說明本保(bao)護(hu)區是候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)繁殖(zhi)地(di)和(he)遷徙途中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)停歇(xie)地(di)。再者留(liu)(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)7.1%;冬(dong)候鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),如鵟、毛腿(tui)沙(sha)雞、白(bai)腰朱(zhu)頂雀(que)、北朱(zhu)雀(que)、鐵爪(zhua)鹀等(deng)占(zhan)3.8%;還有(you)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游蕩鳥(niao)(niao)(niao),即金雕(diao)、大斑啄(zhuo)木鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)、煤山(shan)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)及(ji)沼澤山(shan)雀(que)等(deng),僅占(zhan)2.9%。區內這些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei),除了東方白(bai)鸛(guan)等(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家I級保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),黑(hei)臉琵鷺(lu)、白(bai)琵鷺(lu)等(deng)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家II級保(bao)護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)黃腳三趾(zhi)鶉、小(xiao)沙(sha)百(bai)靈(ling)、小(xiao)嘴烏鴉、鷦鹡、領巖鷚、沙(sha)即鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)和(he)小(xiao)蝗(huang)鶯(ying)、普(pu)通鴉等(deng)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)外,均為國家要(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)“三有(you)動物(wu)”,計175種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占(zhan)73.2%。
保(bao)護區(qu)有(you)哺乳類(lei)(lei)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)25種,隸屬于(yu)5目(mu)12科。占(zhan)(zhan)吉林省(sheng)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)類(lei)(lei)總數(81種)的30.9%。在這25種獸(shou)(shou)(shou)類(lei)(lei)中食(shi)肉類(lei)(lei)動(dong)物(wu)計5種,占(zhan)(zhan)33.3%。包括狼、赤狐、貉、黃鼬(you)及(ji)艾鼬(you)。嚙齒目(mu)種類(lei)(lei)最豐(feng)富(fu),計15種。占(zhan)(zhan)區(qu)內獸(shou)(shou)(shou)類(lei)(lei)的60%。包括草(cao)原(yuan)黃鼠(shu)、三趾跳鼠(shu)、黑線倉鼠(shu)、布氏田鼠(shu)、麝鼠(shu)、草(cao)原(yuan)鼢鼠(shu)及(ji)巢(chao)鼠(shu)等。此外(wai)有(you)兔(tu)形目(mu)的草(cao)原(yuan)兔(tu),食(shi)蟲(chong)目(mu)的達烏爾(er)猬。有(you)8種為國家要保(bao)護的“三有(you)動(dong)物(wu)”,占(zhan)(zhan)區(qu)內獸(shou)(shou)(shou)類(lei)(lei)總數的53.3%。
1986年(nian)8月(yue)2日,吉(ji)林省人民政府〔吉(ji)政函(1986)131號文〕批準建立吉(ji)林省查干湖自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu),列為省級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)。設立吉(ji)林省查干湖自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管理局,由前郭縣政府領導(dao),吉(ji)林省環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)(hu)局負責業務指導(dao)。
2004年,吉林(lin)省人民政府批(pi)準(zhun)了《吉林(lin)查(cha)干湖省級(ji)自然保護(hu)區總體規劃》。
2007年(nian)4月6日,國(guo)務院(國(guo)辦發[2007]20號)正式(shi)批準查干湖自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)為(wei)國(guo)家級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)。
查干湖濕地通過(guo)(guo)蒸(zheng)發和(he)植物蒸(zheng)騰,不斷的補充大氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的水汽,對調節吉林省西部半干旱地區氣(qi)(qi)候具有重要(yao)作用。濕地大量地吸(xi)(xi)收大氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的二(er)氧化碳,減緩區域的溫(wen)室(shi)效應,凈化環境(jing)(jing),促(cu)進污染物沉積或被吸(xi)(xi)附,多樣(yang)化的厭(yan)氧環境(jing)(jing),通過(guo)(guo)多種(zhong)化學反應可去(qu)除污染物。
查干(gan)湖特殊的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理環境,大(da)面積的(de)(de)濕地(di)(di),以及周邊的(de)(de)高草(cao)叢沼(zhao)澤、沼(zhao)澤化草(cao)甸(dian)、草(cao)原,使(shi)這里的(de)(de)濕地(di)(di)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)和(he)草(cao)原鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)居多。周邊林地(di)(di)面積小(xiao),依附森林的(de)(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)較少。眾多的(de)(de)鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)維(wei)系著濕地(di)(di),濕地(di)(di)又為鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)提供豐(feng)富的(de)(de)食(shi)物(wu)和(he)棲(qi)息繁衍場(chang)所(suo)。因此,吉林查干(gan)湖國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)區具(ju)有重要的(de)(de)生態(tai)價值和(he)保護(hu)意義。