大孤山古建筑群位于遼寧省丹東市西南部歷史文化古鎮——大孤山。大孤山既是山名又是鎮名。大(da)(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為“千(qian)朵蓮花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)”,是(shi)千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)之(zhi)東南邊(bian)緣的最后(hou)一(yi)(yi)座山(shan)(shan)(shan),與千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)一(yi)(yi)起同屬長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)系。大(da)(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東臨大(da)(da)(da)洋河,南瀕黃海。由33座山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)組成,主峰(feng)(feng)海拔337.3米(mi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢雄偉(wei)、古(gu)樹蒼勁,宛(wan)如(ru)黃海之(zhi)濱一(yi)(yi)顆璀璨的明珠。因(yin)為聳立(li)(li)在濱海的平(ping)闊大(da)(da)(da)野之(zhi)上(shang),顯得(de)格外高大(da)(da)(da)險(xian)峻,從而得(de)名大(da)(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。又(you)(you)因(yin)為兩峰(feng)(feng)并(bing)立(li)(li),形(xing)如(ru)駱駝雙(shuang)峰(feng)(feng),又(you)(you)名橐駝峰(feng)(feng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)景點繁多,歷史悠久(jiu),素(su)有(you):水(shui)底洞天、怒濤(tao)海市(shi)、海島漁舟、鴿洞云(yun)深、東山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)濤(tao)、西嶺松(song)濤(tao)、孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)圣水(shui)、峭壁石人(ren)八大(da)(da)(da)景之(zhi)稱。這里青山(shan)(shan)(shan)綠水(shui)、海島濕地(di)、古(gu)樹古(gu)廟構(gou)成一(yi)(yi)幅天然美景。古(gu)人(ren)曾這樣贊美大(da)(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan):“石筍凌云(yun)插碧(bi)霄,巍巍佛寺依山(shan)(shan)(shan)椒(jiao),洋河岸曲盤古(gu)鎮,峰(feng)(feng)逼瀾回(hui)怒晚(wan)潮(chao)”。
大(da)(da)孤山古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)是與(yu)沈陽故宮并為遼寧省規模較大(da)(da)、現存保護最具完整的(de)兩大(da)(da)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)之一。根(gen)據《圣(sheng)水(shui)宮記》碑文(wen)(wen)記載:“圣(sheng)水(shui)宮,原名望海寺,傳(chuan)系(xi)唐代(dai)古(gu)(gu)剎。”到(dao)了(le)明代(dai)末年(nian),殿宇荒廢,僅存基垣(yuan)。現有的(de)廟堂都是清乾隆(long)年(nian)間以后(hou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造的(de)。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)占(zhan)地一萬多平(ping)方米,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)積達五千多平(ping)方米,分為上廟群(qun)、下廟群(qun)、古(gu)(gu)戲(xi)樓(lou)三部分,一條中軸線貫(guan)穿其中,整個布局呈繁體(ti)“壽”字形(xing)。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群(qun)集古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術之大(da)(da)成,展遼東地區人文(wen)(wen)景觀之大(da)(da)觀,是集佛、道、儒三教文(wen)(wen)化于一體(ti),堪稱東北(bei)地區一處(chu)聞名遐邇的(de)旅游勝地。
大孤山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)位于南(nan)山(shan)腰處,是遼(liao)寧現存較完整(zheng)的(de)“佛、道、儒”三(san)教合一(yi)的(de)大型古(gu)剎,相傳始建(jian)于唐代,經歷(li)代修葺(qi),已有(you)一(yi)千多年的(de)歷(li)史。現存廟宇為清代中(zhong)晚期建(jian)筑,是省級重點文(wen)物保護單位。
大孤山(shan)古建(jian)筑群(qun)是(shi)合上廟、下(xia)廟、戲(xi)樓(lou)為一(yi)體(ti)的古建(jian)筑群(qun)。由(you)天后宮以及十多個宮、殿、戲(xi)樓(lou)、石佛塔(ta)和(he)觀海亭組成(cheng)(cheng),其磚(zhuan)雕藝(yi)術遠近馳名。其樓(lou)、閣、宮、殿、亭、臺,隨(sui)山(shan)就勢成(cheng)(cheng)階(jie)層(ceng)式院(yuan)落(luo),布局緊湊,錯(cuo)落(luo)有致(zhi),造形(xing)完美、線(xian)條流暢,工藝(yi)精(jing)湛;集南(nan)、北建(jian)筑藝(yi)術之特色,是(shi)自然景觀和(he)人文景觀的結合體(ti),具有重要的藝(yi)術研(yan)究價值。其中,天后宮為中國唐代(dai)最(zui)大的媽祖殿堂。
古建(jian)筑(zhu)群整體建(jian)筑(zhu),組成一(yi)個巨大的繁體“壽”字。登觀海(hai)亭(ting)遠(yuan)眺(tiao),古鎮(zhen)風光盡收(shou)眼底。海(hai)上波濤起伏(fu),風帆出沒,蔚為壯觀,獐(zhang)、鹿二(er)島(dao),歷歷在目。時有海(hai)霧煙波,山水蒼茫,如入畫中,別饒情趣。詩(shi)人有曰:“曲水帶之歸海(hai)去,亂(luan)花(hua)隨(sui)雨落(luo)巖來。”
大(da)孤(gu)山《紅樓(lou)夢(meng)》誕生的(de)(de)(de)地方,上廟便是(shi)《紅樓(lou)夢(meng)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)櫳翠庵,你從古(gu)韻向上望(wang)去真(zhen)是(shi)大(da)孤(gu)山的(de)(de)(de)一扇窗戶(hu),曹(cao)雪(xue)芹比(bi)喻的(de)(de)(de)十分恰當。還有屋脊崖(無(wu)稽(ji)崖)里的(de)(de)(de)曹(cao)家堡(bao),曹(cao)雪(xue)芹在《紅樓(lou)夢(meng)》中(zhong)名之蘆雪(xue)廠,更是(shi)一絲不差。曹(cao)家堡(bao)曹(cao)大(da)漢真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)曹(cao)雪(xue)芹的(de)(de)(de)親宗,曹(cao)操(cao)后裔。曹(cao)雪(xue)芹是(shi)曹(cao)操(cao)六十四代孫,曹(cao)大(da)漢是(shi)曹(cao)操(cao)六十三代孫,今天不但有《紅樓(lou)夢(meng)》歷(li)史文獻證明,更有曹(cao)操(cao)DNA證明。
大孤山山上(shang)(shang)古木(mu)參(can)天,巨柞(zuo)銀杏,夾道成(cheng)蔭,生長著(zhu)松、柏、槐、楊、柞(zuo)、楓、柳、榆、皂(zao)角(jiao)、連翹、鵝兒(er)櫪(li)、法桐(tong)、臘(la)樹等(deng)上(shang)(shang)百種(zhong)樹木(mu)。丁香、玫瑰、杜鵑、櫻花等(deng)灌木(mu)種(zhong)類繁多,到處可(ke)見。300年(nian)以上(shang)(shang)的古樹有2000多株,構成(cheng)了層次分明(ming)的森林景觀,被(bei)列為國家(jia)級森林公園。其(qi)中上(shang)(shang)廟的兩(liang)棵古銀杏樹系唐代僧人修建(jian)“望海寺”時所植,距(ju)今1200余年(nian),樹高(gao)20多米,胸徑(jing)1.5米,至今仍(reng)枝繁葉茂。山上(shang)(shang)的圣水宮峭壁涌泉,即使是炎夏盛暑,泉水仍(reng)清涼宜人。
小(xiao)島(dao)景區又稱小(xiao)島(dao)子,距(ju)孤山鎮約15公里,東(dong)西長3.5公里,南北寬(kuan)1.5公里,是(shi)孤山的(de)延伸(shen)部分。由大小(xiao)14個島(dao)嶼和半島(dao)組成。其(qi)中六個較大的(de)島(dao)嶼已由10條海堤(di)聯成一體,并有(you)公路相通。小(xiao)島(dao)南側的(de)前陽海灘是(shi)一處天(tian)然的(de)海水浴場(chang)。小(xiao)島(dao)周圍(wei)海域物產豐富,尤以對蝦養殖著名。
大鹿島
大鹿(lu)(lu)島(dao)是遼寧省大孤山(shan)風(feng)景名勝(sheng)區(qu)的(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分,位于東(dong)港市孤山(shan)鎮(zhen)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)19.3海(hai)里(li)(li)的(de)黃海(hai)海(hai)面(mian)上(shang),四面(mian)環海(hai),西海(hai)域與莊(zhuang)河、大連相連,東(dong)海(hai)域與大東(dong)港、丹東(dong)鴨綠江融匯,與南(nan)(nan)北朝(chao)鮮(xian)相望(wang)。大鹿(lu)(lu)島(dao)與孤山(shan)鎮(zhen)和小島(dao)間有水路相通(tong)。東(dong)西長(chang)約4公里(li)(li),南(nan)(nan)北寬約1.5公里(li)(li),景區(qu)面(mian)積約30平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),陸域面(mian)積約6.6平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)(li),大鹿(lu)(lu)島(dao)附近有當年(nian)“中日(ri)甲(jia)午海(hai)戰”遺址。
大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)(dao)氣候適(shi)宜,冬無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑。島(dao)(dao)前有360萬平方米的(de)天(tian)然(ran)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)濱(bin)浴(yu)場,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國黃海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)最大(da)的(de)天(tian)然(ran)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)濱(bin)浴(yu)場。大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)(dao)是(shi)鴨綠江口國家級濕地自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區的(de)重要組(zu)成部(bu)分。震(zhen)驚中(zhong)(zhong)外的(de)甲午黃海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)戰(zhan)就爆(bao)發在大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面(mian),民族英(ying)(ying)雄“鄧世昌(chang)”及700名將士和(he)“致遠號”艦(jian)等4艘戰(zhan)艦(jian)分別犧牲(sheng)和(he)沉(chen)沒在大(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面(mian)。島(dao)(dao)上有鄧世昌(chang)墓和(he)塑像、明代戍邊將領毛文龍(long)碑亭(ting)、二郎石、嘎巴棗樹、滴水(shui)壺、老虎洞、駱駝峰、英(ying)(ying)式導航(hang)燈塔、丹麥教堂遺址(zhi)等多處自(zi)(zi)然(ran)和(he)人文景(jing)觀。
大(da)鹿島(dao)盛產對蝦(xia)、梭子(zi)蟹、雜(za)色蛤、文蛤、海螺(luo)以及魚類等百(bai)余種(zhong)海鮮,被譽為(wei)“海鮮的王國”。每年(nian)農(nong)歷四月十八日(ri),大(da)鹿島(dao)上會舉辦大(da)孤山廟(miao)會。屆時可觀覽當地民(min)風民(min)俗。
獐島
獐(zhang)島(dao)是(shi)遼寧(ning)省大孤山風景名勝區重要組成部分,位于丹東東港市北井子鎮7海(hai)里的南黃海(hai)海(hai)面之中(zhong),景區面積15平(ping)方(fang)公里,陸(lu)域面積2平(ping)方(fang)公里,是(shi)中(zhong)國萬里海(hai)疆的第一(yi)座島(dao)嶼(yu)。
獐(zhang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)由一(yi)陵六(liu)石(shi)宅、四礁(jiao)組(zu)成,陵石(shi)橫東(dong)西,蹲(dun)臥(wo)兩翼,礁(jiao)居(ju)(ju)其間(jian),陸(lu)域面積2平(ping)方公里,居(ju)(ju)民100多戶,500多人。海島(dao)(dao)(dao)保留了(le)古老的漁(yu)村。島(dao)(dao)(dao)上有(you)金灘(tan)海水浴場(chang)。獐(zhang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)山(shan)石(shi)犬牙交錯,有(you)老雕(diao)窩、鷹嘴石(shi)、老豬礁(jiao)、烏龜(gui)砣子(zi),形態逼真,灌木(mu)碧野(ye)。登島(dao)(dao)(dao)主峰遠眺可見大孤山(shan)。獐(zhang)島(dao)(dao)(dao)水產(chan)(chan)養殖十分發(fa)達,萬(wan)畝(mu)環島(dao)(dao)(dao)灘(tan)涂是水產(chan)(chan)養殖的理想(xiang)場(chang)所(suo),盛產(chan)(chan)牡蠣、蜆子(zi)、螃蟹、海蜇等海鮮。
大孤山風(feng)景名(ming)勝區(qu)有八(ba)大奇(qi)觀(guan),分別是“紫液圣泉”,“半覆(fu)神殿”,“祖孫銀杏”,“無字古(gu)碑(bei)”,“梨園孤樓(lou)”,“第(di)一神宮”,“無雙(shuang)磚雕(diao)”,“三教(jiao)共和”這八(ba)大奇(qi)觀(guan)異彩紛呈,堪稱大孤山風(feng)景名(ming)勝區(qu)的“八(ba)絕”。
古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun),坐(zuo)北朝南,地(di)勢(shi)由南向北,逐(zhu)漸升高(gao),由此,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)隨山(shan)(shan)勢(shi)構筑(zhu)成(cheng)階層式(shi)院落。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)布局緊湊(cou),疏密(mi)得宜,鱗(lin)次(ci)櫛(zhi)比。殿院都有(you)(you)(you)正殿和(he)(he)(he)配殿作(zuo)對稱式(shi),組成(cheng)三(san)進、五(wu)進院落,每進院落都有(you)(you)(you)懸山(shan)(shan)式(shi)門(men)(men)樓(lou)、三(san)滴水(shui)牌(pai)樓(lou)、月(yue)亮門(men)(men)、垂(chui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)門(men)(men)和(he)(he)(he)圓(yuan)門(men)(men)等(deng)(deng)(deng)連(lian)貫穿通,頗(po)有(you)(you)(you)南方(fang)蘇(su)杭式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)。每個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)都座落在高(gao)低不(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)石臺(tai)基上(shang)(shang),并有(you)(you)(you)石臺(tai)階。皆為(wei)(wei)青磚灰瓦(wa)木架結(jie)構,多為(wei)(wei)硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)七(qi)凜小式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)六(liu)架小式(shi)木構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),也有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)(shan)屋(wu)頂(ding),單(dan)檐歇山(shan)(shan)屋(wu)頂(ding),單(dan)檐方(fang)形、六(liu)角攢(zan)尖(jian)屋(wu)頂(ding)的(de)(de)小式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),卷棚(peng)硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)大式(shi)和(he)(he)(he)單(dan)檐歇山(shan)(shan)大式(shi)木結(jie)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。特別是(shi)戲樓(lou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),采取了前臉歇山(shan)(shan)與(yu)后身硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)結(jie)合的(de)(de)處理手法,汲取了我(wo)國湖南地(di)方(fang)戲臺(tai)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式(shi)進行營(ying)造。平(ping)板(ban)枋和(he)(he)(he)額枋上(shang)(shang)下的(de)(de)雀替和(he)(he)(he)形式(shi)多樣的(de)(de)雕墩為(wei)(wei)透(tou)雕人物,游龍、飛鳳、禽鳥、走獸、花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)刻(ke)飾,頗(po)具(ju)匠心(xin)。每門(men)(men)均為(wei)(wei)各(ge)種(zhong)欞(ling)子的(de)(de)格(ge)扇門(men)(men)。屋(wu)頂(ding)瓦(wa)作(zuo)多為(wei)(wei)合瓦(wa)頂(ding),也有(you)(you)(you)筒、板(ban)瓦(wa)頂(ding),有(you)(you)(you)蓮花(hua)(hua)(hua)、獸面三(san)角形式(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)勾(gou)頭滴水(shui)。正脊(ji)為(wei)(wei)透(tou)雕花(hua)(hua)(hua)紋式(shi)脊(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng),有(you)(you)(you)小石壘花(hua)(hua)(hua)、陶塑龍鳳、疊小瓦(wa)脊(ji),配殿多為(wei)(wei)清水(shui)脊(ji)。脊(ji)頂(ding)端(duan)塑有(you)(you)(you)大象、寶(bao)瓶、寶(bao)葫(hu)蘆和(he)(he)(he)仙人等(deng)(deng)(deng),兩(liang)端(duan)裝飾龍吻,垂(chui)脊(ji)和(he)(he)(he)戧脊(ji)端(duan)有(you)(you)(you)形態各(ge)異、神(shen)姿生(sheng)(sheng)動的(de)(de)垂(chui)獸和(he)(he)(he)跑獸,與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物協調一(yi)致,莊(zhuang)重(zhong)美(mei)觀。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)磚雕刻(ke),更是(shi)獨具(ju)風(feng)格(ge),到處皆是(shi)。磚刻(ke)常(chang)置于牌(pai)樓(lou)、門(men)(men)樓(lou)、門(men)(men)頭、照壁、山(shan)(shan)墻、搏(bo)風(feng)、墀頭、廊心(xin)墻等(deng)(deng)(deng),內容豐富多彩(cai)。有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)活起(qi)居、人物故事,仙靈(ling)鳥獸、山(shan)(shan)水(shui)花(hua)(hua)(hua)卉(hui)、幾(ji)何圖案、吉祥文字等(deng)(deng)(deng)。一(yi)般采取用浮雕,形神(shen)兼(jian)備,雕工精(jing)致,頗(po)有(you)(you)(you)巧奪天工之感。
大孤山建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群是清(qing)(qing)(qing)代中晚(wan)期的(de)(de)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑遺存(cun),也(ye)是我省現存(cun)下來規(gui)模較大、較完整的(de)(de)三(san)教(佛、道、儒教)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群之一。據清(qing)(qing)(qing)碑和(he)舊縣志記載,始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐代,遼代建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有佛廟,由(you)于兵災破壞和(he)風化侵(qin)蝕,至(zhi)明代末期“殿(dian)(dian)宇(yu)荒廢,僅存(cun)基垣(yuan)”。清(qing)(qing)(qing)乾(qian)隆十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1746年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),山東嶗山金山派(pai)道人倪(ni)理(li)休,云游此(ci)地,見有古剎遺址,便(bian)發(fa)愿重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟宇(yu)。乾(qian)隆十(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1749年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(即(ji)三(san)霄娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)(dian))工程中,地下掘(jue)出十(shi)六尊遼代時(shi)期鐵鑄羅漢,因(yin)此(ci)又增(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)羅漢殿(dian)(dian)。乾(qian)隆二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1763年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天后宮(即(ji)海神娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)(dian)),由(you)于光(guang)緒六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1880年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))發(fa)生(sheng)火(huo)災,將正殿(dian)(dian)及兩(liang)廂全(quan)部(bu)燒毀,于光(guang)緒八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。嘉慶七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大雄寶殿(dian)(dian),嘉慶二(er)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1816年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地藏(zang)庵(an),民國后期,將地藏(zang)庵(an)改名為(wei)地藏(zang)寺。道光(guang)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始先后修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戲樓、財神殿(dian)(dian)、龍(long)王(wang)殿(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)、鐘樓、文昌閣、呂祖(zu)亭。歷經清(qing)(qing)(qing)代的(de)(de)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、增(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)維修,逐漸形成如(ru)今(jin)之規(gui)模。
每年(nian)(nian)的(de)農歷(li)四月十八是大孤山(shan)(shan)鎮一年(nian)(nian)一度(du)的(de)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui),說到孤山(shan)(shan)的(de)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui),據(ju)孤山(shan)(shan)鎮志(zhi)記載:“早在(zai)宋(song)代就有廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)之(zhi)舉(ju)(ju),廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)集會(hui)(hui)地址在(zai)下廟(miao)(miao)(miao)戲樓廣場,規模(mo)鼎盛時(shi)(shi)期(qi)是在(zai)清代的(de)乾隆年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian),當時(shi)(shi)重(zhong)修海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)時(shi)(shi),興起(qi)了海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)和藥王廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui),每年(nian)(nian)的(de)四月十八天后(hou)宮舉(ju)(ju)辦民間(jian)(jian)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui),隨(sui)著時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)遷移,海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)日漸興隆,特別是道光(guang)年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(jian)建成戲樓后(hou),廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)盛況日常(chang)空前,廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)內容也日益豐富多彩,燒香拜佛(fo),祈福(fu)還(huan)愿(yuan)等(deng),摻和著文(wen)藝節目、戲曲、雜耍、旱船表演,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)還(huan)有商品交易,解放初期(qi)和文(wen)革(ge)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)中斷(duan)”。
另(ling)據(ju)(ju)丹東作家張濤先生所著的(de)(de)(de)(de)《孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)獨(du)白》一(yi)(yi)書稱(cheng):“娘娘廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui),是(shi)(shi)舊歷四(si)月十八(ba),據(ju)(ju)記,這一(yi)(yi)天是(shi)(shi)天仙(xian)圣(sheng)母的(de)(de)(de)(de)生日,僧侶(lv)和信徒為慶祝圣(sheng)誕而(er)興辦廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui),天仙(xian)圣(sheng)母不(bu)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個人,而(er)是(shi)(shi)趙公(gong)元帥的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)位女兒——云霄(xiao)、碧霄(xiao)、瓊霄(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合稱(cheng),謂之三(san)霄(xiao)娘娘,故廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)又(you)稱(cheng)為娘娘廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)。”據(ju)(ju)歷史記載(zai),孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)古(gu)建筑(zhu)群開山(shan)始祖倪理休于(yu)清(qing)乾隆(long)八(ba)年(nian)(公(gong)元1744年(nian))來到大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)托缽(bo)募化(hua)三(san)載(zai)所建,如(ru)此算來,大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史可(ke)以(yi)追(zhui)溯到二百五十年(nian)以(yi)前了(le)。時至(zhi)今日,我們可(ke)以(yi)推想當年(nian),當時,陸路交通并(bing)不(bu)發達,過往(wang)(wang)于(yu)鴨綠江的(de)(de)(de)(de)來往(wang)(wang)船(chuan)只,遙望(wang)一(yi)(yi)巍(wei)峨高山(shan)矗立于(yu)黃(huang)海岸邊(bian)(bian),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)停船(chuan)靠岸,上岸交易,盛況何其(qi)空前。特別是(shi)(shi)四(si)月十八(ba),正逢草(cao)長鶯飛(fei)時節(jie),長白山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)貨(huo)獸皮要運往(wang)(wang)關(guan)內,江南的(de)(de)(de)(de)絲竹瓷(ci)器(qi)又(you)從山(shan)東威海源(yuan)源(yuan)而(er)來,孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)就成了(le)南北(bei)貨(huo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)中轉(zhuan)站,南來北(bei)往(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)商賈,周邊(bian)(bian)出海打漁的(de)(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)家,齊聚古(gu)鎮,貿(mao)易商談,會(hui)(hui)親(qin)訪(fang)友,為大(da)(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)增(zeng)添豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵。
古(gu)(gu)戲(xi)樓,建于清道光六年,有二百多(duo)年的歷史。它(ta)不僅是大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)古(gu)(gu)建筑群的標(biao)志(zhi)性(xing)建筑,也是大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)鎮繁榮的見證。過大(da)年、正月(yue)十(shi)五、端午節、中秋節,每(mei)年四月(yue)十(shi)八廟會這里便成(cheng)了旅(lv)游與交(jiao)易場所,繼續(xu)抒寫著昔日(ri)的繁榮。古(gu)(gu)戲(xi)樓最具(ju)匠心的是它(ta)的屋頂。歇山(shan)式和硬山(shan)式兩種屋頂完美結合的建筑形(xing)式極為罕見,成(cheng)為大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)古(gu)(gu)建筑群三大(da)奇(qi)觀之(zhi)首。
觀音(yin)閣(ge),因其(qi)坐(zuo)(zuo)南(nan)面(mian)北,當地人(ren)(ren)成為“倒(dao)坐(zuo)(zuo)廟(miao)”。相傳,觀音(yin)菩(pu)薩圣像曾面(mian)北背南(nan),從海上飛來,使當地瘟疫消(xiao)遁,人(ren)(ren)心(xin)向善,于是(shi)觀音(yin)閣(ge)由此(ci)而建。觀音(yin)閣(ge)的(de)古聯(lian)也很有意(yi)味(wei)。上聯(lian)是(shi)“問士大夫(fu)為何(he)倒(dao)坐(zuo)(zuo)”,下聯(lian)是(shi)“嘆世(shi)人(ren)(ren)不肯回頭”上下聯(lian)以世(shi)人(ren)(ren)和(he)觀音(yin)的(de)口吻一(yi)(yi)問一(yi)(yi)答,充(chong)滿意(yi)趣和(he)智慧。
無角(jiao)草龍(long),關帝(di)殿(dian)三重檐門樓(lou)中部兩條(tiao)無角(jiao)草龍(long),也早就了關帝(di)殿(dian)的(de)(de)一大奇(qi),和古(gu)戲樓(lou)的(de)(de)屋頂、倒(dao)坐的(de)(de)觀(guan)音閣(ge),構成大孤(gu)山古(gu)建筑(zhu)群的(de)(de)三大奇(qi)觀(guan)。