大孤山古建筑群位于遼寧省丹東市西南部歷史文化古鎮——大孤山。大孤山既是山名又是鎮名。大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)“千(qian)朵蓮花(hua)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,是千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈之東(dong)南邊緣的(de)最(zui)后一(yi)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),與千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈一(yi)起同(tong)屬(shu)長白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈系(xi)。大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)臨大(da)(da)洋河,南瀕黃海(hai)(hai)。由33座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)組成(cheng)(cheng),主峰(feng)(feng)海(hai)(hai)拔337.3米,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢雄偉(wei)、古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)蒼勁,宛如黃海(hai)(hai)之濱一(yi)顆(ke)璀璨的(de)明(ming)珠。因(yin)為(wei)聳(song)立在濱海(hai)(hai)的(de)平闊大(da)(da)野(ye)之上,顯得格(ge)外高大(da)(da)險峻,從而得名大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又因(yin)為(wei)兩峰(feng)(feng)并立,形如駱駝雙(shuang)峰(feng)(feng),又名橐(tuo)駝峰(feng)(feng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上景點繁多,歷(li)史悠久,素有:水(shui)底洞(dong)天(tian)、怒(nu)濤(tao)海(hai)(hai)市、海(hai)(hai)島漁舟、鴿洞(dong)云深、東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)濤(tao)、西嶺松(song)濤(tao)、孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)圣水(shui)、峭壁石(shi)人八大(da)(da)景之稱。這里青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綠水(shui)、海(hai)(hai)島濕地、古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)古(gu)(gu)廟構成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)幅天(tian)然美(mei)景。古(gu)(gu)人曾這樣(yang)贊美(mei)大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan):“石(shi)筍(sun)凌云插碧(bi)霄,巍巍佛(fo)寺依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)椒(jiao),洋河岸曲盤(pan)古(gu)(gu)鎮,峰(feng)(feng)逼瀾回怒(nu)晚潮”。
大孤山(shan)古建筑(zhu)群是(shi)與(yu)沈(shen)陽(yang)故宮(gong)(gong)并為遼(liao)寧省規模較大、現存保護最具完整的(de)兩大古建筑(zhu)群之(zhi)一(yi)。根據《圣(sheng)水宮(gong)(gong)記》碑文(wen)記載:“圣(sheng)水宮(gong)(gong),原名望海寺,傳系唐代古剎(cha)。”到了(le)明代末年,殿宇荒廢,僅存基垣。現有(you)的(de)廟(miao)堂都是(shi)清乾隆年間以后建造的(de)。古建筑(zhu)群占地一(yi)萬多平方米(mi)(mi),建筑(zhu)面積達五千多平方米(mi)(mi),分(fen)為上(shang)廟(miao)群、下廟(miao)群、古戲(xi)樓(lou)三(san)部分(fen),一(yi)條(tiao)中(zhong)軸線貫穿其中(zhong),整個布局呈繁體“壽(shou)”字形(xing)。古建筑(zhu)群集古建筑(zhu)藝術之(zhi)大成(cheng),展(zhan)遼(liao)東地區(qu)人(ren)文(wen)景(jing)觀之(zhi)大觀,是(shi)集佛、道、儒三(san)教(jiao)文(wen)化于一(yi)體,堪稱東北地區(qu)一(yi)處聞(wen)名遐邇的(de)旅游勝地。
大孤(gu)山古(gu)建筑群位(wei)于南山腰處,是遼寧(ning)現(xian)存較完整的(de)“佛、道、儒”三教(jiao)合一(yi)的(de)大型古(gu)剎,相傳始(shi)建于唐(tang)代,經歷(li)代修(xiu)葺,已有一(yi)千多(duo)年的(de)歷(li)史。現(xian)存廟(miao)宇為(wei)清代中晚期建筑,是省級重點文物保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)。
大(da)孤(gu)山古建(jian)筑(zhu)群是(shi)合上廟、下廟、戲(xi)樓為一體的古建(jian)筑(zhu)群。由天(tian)后(hou)宮以及(ji)十(shi)多個宮、殿、戲(xi)樓、石佛(fo)塔和觀海(hai)亭組(zu)成,其(qi)磚(zhuan)雕藝術(shu)遠(yuan)近馳名。其(qi)樓、閣、宮、殿、亭、臺,隨山就勢成階(jie)層(ceng)式院落,布局緊湊,錯落有致,造形完美、線(xian)條(tiao)流暢,工藝精湛;集南、北建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術(shu)之特(te)色,是(shi)自(zi)然景(jing)觀和人文景(jing)觀的結合體,具有重要的藝術(shu)研(yan)究價值。其(qi)中,天(tian)后(hou)宮為中國唐代最大(da)的媽祖(zu)殿堂。
古建(jian)筑群整體(ti)建(jian)筑,組成(cheng)一個巨大的繁體(ti)“壽”字。登觀海(hai)亭(ting)遠眺,古鎮(zhen)風光盡收眼底。海(hai)上波(bo)濤起伏(fu),風帆出沒,蔚為壯觀,獐、鹿二島,歷(li)歷(li)在(zai)目。時有海(hai)霧煙(yan)波(bo),山水蒼茫(mang),如(ru)入(ru)畫中,別饒情趣。詩人有曰:“曲水帶之歸海(hai)去,亂花隨(sui)雨落巖來(lai)。”
大(da)孤山(shan)《紅樓(lou)(lou)夢(meng)》誕生(sheng)的(de)(de)地方,上(shang)廟便是(shi)《紅樓(lou)(lou)夢(meng)》中的(de)(de)櫳翠庵,你從古韻(yun)向(xiang)上(shang)望(wang)去真是(shi)大(da)孤山(shan)的(de)(de)一(yi)扇窗戶(hu),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)比喻的(de)(de)十(shi)分(fen)恰(qia)當。還有(you)屋脊崖(ya)(無稽崖(ya))里(li)的(de)(de)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)堡,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)在《紅樓(lou)(lou)夢(meng)》中名(ming)之(zhi)蘆雪(xue)廠,更是(shi)一(yi)絲不(bu)差(cha)。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)家(jia)堡曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)大(da)漢(han)真的(de)(de)是(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)的(de)(de)親宗,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)后裔。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)是(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)六十(shi)四代(dai)孫,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)大(da)漢(han)是(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)六十(shi)三(san)代(dai)孫,今(jin)天不(bu)但有(you)《紅樓(lou)(lou)夢(meng)》歷史文(wen)獻證(zheng)明(ming)(ming),更有(you)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)DNA證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)。
大孤山山上古(gu)木參天,巨柞(zuo)銀杏,夾道成(cheng)蔭,生(sheng)長(chang)著松、柏、槐、楊、柞(zuo)、楓、柳(liu)、榆、皂角、連翹、鵝(e)兒櫪、法桐、臘樹等上百種樹木。丁香、玫瑰(gui)、杜鵑、櫻花等灌木種類繁(fan)多(duo),到(dao)處可(ke)見。300年以上的(de)古(gu)樹有2000多(duo)株,構成(cheng)了層次分明的(de)森(sen)林景觀,被列(lie)為國家(jia)級森(sen)林公園。其中(zhong)上廟的(de)兩棵古(gu)銀杏樹系(xi)唐代僧人(ren)修建“望海寺”時所植(zhi),距今1200余(yu)年,樹高20多(duo)米,胸(xiong)徑1.5米,至今仍(reng)枝繁(fan)葉(xie)茂。山上的(de)圣水宮(gong)峭壁涌(yong)泉(quan),即(ji)使是炎夏盛暑(shu),泉(quan)水仍(reng)清涼宜人(ren)。
小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)景區(qu)又(you)稱小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)子,距孤山鎮(zhen)約15公里(li),東西長3.5公里(li),南(nan)北寬1.5公里(li),是孤山的(de)延伸部(bu)分。由(you)大小(xiao)14個島(dao)(dao)嶼(yu)和半島(dao)(dao)組成。其(qi)中六個較大的(de)島(dao)(dao)嶼(yu)已由(you)10條海(hai)(hai)堤聯成一體(ti),并有(you)公路相(xiang)通。小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)南(nan)側的(de)前(qian)陽海(hai)(hai)灘是一處天(tian)然(ran)的(de)海(hai)(hai)水浴場。小(xiao)島(dao)(dao)周圍海(hai)(hai)域物產(chan)豐富,尤以對(dui)蝦養殖著名。
大鹿島
大(da)(da)鹿島是遼(liao)寧省大(da)(da)孤山風景名(ming)勝區的重(zhong)要組成部分,位于(yu)東(dong)港市孤山鎮東(dong)南19.3海里的黃海海面(mian)上,四面(mian)環海,西海域與(yu)莊河、大(da)(da)連相(xiang)(xiang)連,東(dong)海域與(yu)大(da)(da)東(dong)港、丹東(dong)鴨(ya)綠(lv)江融匯,與(yu)南北(bei)朝鮮相(xiang)(xiang)望。大(da)(da)鹿島與(yu)孤山鎮和小島間有水路相(xiang)(xiang)通。東(dong)西長約4公里,南北(bei)寬約1.5公里,景區面(mian)積約30平(ping)方公里,陸域面(mian)積約6.6平(ping)方公里,大(da)(da)鹿島附近(jin)有當年“中日甲(jia)午(wu)海戰”遺址。
大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)氣候適宜(yi),冬無(wu)嚴寒(han),夏無(wu)酷暑。島(dao)前有360萬平(ping)方米的天然海(hai)濱浴(yu)場,是(shi)中國黃海(hai)最大(da)(da)(da)的天然海(hai)濱浴(yu)場。大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)是(shi)鴨(ya)綠江口國家級濕(shi)地自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)的重要組(zu)成部(bu)分。震(zhen)驚中外的甲午黃海(hai)大(da)(da)(da)戰(zhan)就爆發在大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海(hai)面(mian),民族(zu)英(ying)雄“鄧世(shi)昌(chang)”及(ji)700名(ming)將士和(he)“致遠號(hao)”艦(jian)等(deng)4艘(sou)戰(zhan)艦(jian)分別犧牲(sheng)和(he)沉(chen)沒在大(da)(da)(da)鹿(lu)島(dao)海(hai)面(mian)。島(dao)上有鄧世(shi)昌(chang)墓和(he)塑(su)像、明代戍邊(bian)將領毛文龍碑亭、二(er)郎(lang)石(shi)、嘎巴棗樹、滴水(shui)壺(hu)、老虎洞、駱駝峰、英(ying)式導航燈塔(ta)、丹麥(mai)教堂遺(yi)址等(deng)多處自(zi)然和(he)人文景觀。
大(da)鹿(lu)島盛(sheng)產對(dui)蝦、梭子蟹(xie)、雜(za)色(se)蛤、文蛤、海(hai)螺以及魚(yu)類等百余種海(hai)鮮,被譽為“海(hai)鮮的王國”。每年農(nong)歷四月(yue)十(shi)八日(ri),大(da)鹿(lu)島上會舉辦大(da)孤(gu)山廟會。屆(jie)時(shi)可觀(guan)覽當(dang)地民(min)風民(min)俗。
獐島
獐島是(shi)遼(liao)寧省大(da)孤山風景名勝(sheng)區重要組成部(bu)分,位于丹(dan)東東港(gang)市(shi)北井子鎮7海(hai)里(li)的(de)南(nan)黃(huang)海(hai)海(hai)面(mian)之中,景區面(mian)積15平方公(gong)里(li),陸域面(mian)積2平方公(gong)里(li),是(shi)中國萬里(li)海(hai)疆的(de)第一座島嶼(yu)。
獐島(dao)由一陵六(liu)石宅、四(si)礁(jiao)組成(cheng),陵石橫東(dong)西,蹲(dun)臥兩翼,礁(jiao)居其(qi)間,陸域面積(ji)2平方(fang)公里,居民100多戶,500多人。海島(dao)保留(liu)了古老(lao)的漁村(cun)。島(dao)上有金(jin)灘(tan)海水浴場(chang)。獐島(dao)山石犬牙交錯,有老(lao)雕窩、鷹嘴石、老(lao)豬礁(jiao)、烏龜砣子(zi),形態(tai)逼真,灌木碧野。登島(dao)主峰遠眺可(ke)見(jian)大孤山。獐島(dao)水產(chan)養殖十分發(fa)達,萬(wan)畝環島(dao)灘(tan)涂是水產(chan)養殖的理(li)想場(chang)所,盛產(chan)牡蠣、蜆子(zi)、螃蟹、海蜇等海鮮。
大(da)孤(gu)山風景(jing)(jing)名勝(sheng)區有八大(da)奇觀,分別是(shi)“紫液圣(sheng)泉”,“半(ban)覆神殿”,“祖(zu)孫銀杏”,“無字古碑”,“梨園孤(gu)樓”,“第一神宮”,“無雙磚雕”,“三教(jiao)共(gong)和”這(zhe)八大(da)奇觀異彩(cai)紛(fen)呈,堪稱大(da)孤(gu)山風景(jing)(jing)名勝(sheng)區的“八絕”。
古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群,坐北(bei)朝南(nan),地(di)勢(shi)由(you)南(nan)向北(bei),逐漸(jian)升高,由(you)此,建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)隨(sui)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)構筑(zhu)成階層式(shi)院落(luo)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)布(bu)局緊湊,疏密得宜,鱗次櫛(zhi)比。殿院都(dou)有(you)正殿和(he)(he)配殿作對(dui)稱式(shi),組(zu)成三進(jin)、五進(jin)院落(luo),每(mei)進(jin)院落(luo)都(dou)有(you)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)門樓(lou)、三滴(di)水(shui)牌(pai)(pai)樓(lou)、月(yue)亮門、垂(chui)(chui)花(hua)(hua)門和(he)(he)圓門等連貫穿通(tong),頗(po)有(you)南(nan)方(fang)蘇杭式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)風格(ge)。每(mei)個建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)都(dou)座落(luo)在高低(di)不等的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)臺(tai)基上,并(bing)有(you)石(shi)(shi)臺(tai)階。皆(jie)為(wei)(wei)青磚(zhuan)灰瓦(wa)木(mu)架結構,多(duo)為(wei)(wei)硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)七凜小(xiao)式(shi)和(he)(he)六(liu)架小(xiao)式(shi)木(mu)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),也有(you)重檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屋(wu)頂(ding),單檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屋(wu)頂(ding),單檐(yan)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、六(liu)角(jiao)攢尖(jian)屋(wu)頂(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)式(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),卷(juan)棚硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大式(shi)和(he)(he)單檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大式(shi)木(mu)結構建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。特別是(shi)戲(xi)樓(lou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),采取了(le)前臉(lian)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與(yu)后身硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處(chu)理手法(fa),汲取了(le)我國湖南(nan)地(di)方(fang)戲(xi)臺(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)進(jin)行營造。平板枋和(he)(he)額枋上下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雀(que)替(ti)和(he)(he)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)多(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)墩(dun)為(wei)(wei)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)人(ren)物(wu)(wu),游龍(long)(long)、飛(fei)鳳(feng)、禽鳥(niao)、走獸(shou)、花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)等刻(ke)飾(shi),頗(po)具匠心(xin)(xin)。每(mei)門均(jun)為(wei)(wei)各種(zhong)欞子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)格(ge)扇門。屋(wu)頂(ding)瓦(wa)作多(duo)為(wei)(wei)合(he)(he)瓦(wa)頂(ding),也有(you)筒、板瓦(wa)頂(ding),有(you)蓮花(hua)(hua)、獸(shou)面三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)等勾(gou)頭滴(di)水(shui)。正脊(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)花(hua)(hua)紋(wen)式(shi)脊(ji)(ji)等,有(you)小(xiao)石(shi)(shi)壘花(hua)(hua)、陶塑(su)龍(long)(long)鳳(feng)、疊(die)小(xiao)瓦(wa)脊(ji)(ji),配殿多(duo)為(wei)(wei)清(qing)水(shui)脊(ji)(ji)。脊(ji)(ji)頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)塑(su)有(you)大象(xiang)、寶瓶(ping)、寶葫(hu)蘆(lu)和(he)(he)仙(xian)人(ren)等,兩(liang)端(duan)(duan)裝飾(shi)龍(long)(long)吻,垂(chui)(chui)脊(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)戧脊(ji)(ji)端(duan)(duan)有(you)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)態各異、神姿生動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)(chui)獸(shou)和(he)(he)跑獸(shou),與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)協調一(yi)致,莊重美(mei)觀。建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke),更(geng)是(shi)獨(du)具風格(ge),到處(chu)皆(jie)是(shi)。磚(zhuan)刻(ke)常置于牌(pai)(pai)樓(lou)、門樓(lou)、門頭、照壁、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)墻、搏風、墀頭、廊心(xin)(xin)墻等,內容豐富多(duo)彩。有(you)生活起居、人(ren)物(wu)(wu)故(gu)事,仙(xian)靈鳥(niao)獸(shou)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)、幾何圖案(an)、吉祥文字等。一(yi)般采取用浮(fu)雕(diao)(diao),形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)神兼備,雕(diao)(diao)工精致,頗(po)有(you)巧奪天(tian)工之感。
大孤山(shan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)是(shi)清代(dai)中晚(wan)期(qi)的(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑遺(yi)存,也是(shi)我(wo)省現存下來規模較(jiao)大、較(jiao)完(wan)整的(de)(de)三教(jiao)(佛(fo)、道(dao)、儒教(jiao))古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)之一。據(ju)清碑和(he)舊縣志記載,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)唐代(dai),遼代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有佛(fo)廟,由于(yu)兵災(zai)破壞和(he)風(feng)化侵(qin)蝕,至明代(dai)末期(qi)“殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇荒廢,僅存基垣”。清乾隆十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1746年(nian)(nian)(nian)),山(shan)東嶗山(shan)金山(shan)派道(dao)人倪理(li)休,云游此地(di),見有古(gu)剎遺(yi)址,便發(fa)(fa)愿重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟宇。乾隆十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1749年(nian)(nian)(nian)),重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(即(ji)三霄娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))工程中,地(di)下掘(jue)出十六尊遼代(dai)時期(qi)鐵鑄羅(luo)漢,因(yin)此又增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)羅(luo)漢殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。乾隆二十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1763年(nian)(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天后(hou)宮(即(ji)海神娘(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)),由于(yu)光緒六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1880年(nian)(nian)(nian))發(fa)(fa)生火災(zai),將(jiang)正殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及兩廂全部燒毀(hui),于(yu)光緒八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian))重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。嘉慶(qing)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian)(nian))重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),嘉慶(qing)二十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1816年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)藏(zang)庵,民國后(hou)期(qi),將(jiang)地(di)藏(zang)庵改名為地(di)藏(zang)寺(si)。道(dao)光四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)先(xian)后(hou)修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戲(xi)樓(lou)、財神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、龍王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、玉皇(huang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、鐘(zhong)樓(lou)、文昌閣、呂(lv)祖亭。歷經清代(dai)的(de)(de)重建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、增建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)維修(xiu),逐漸形成如(ru)今之規模。
每(mei)(mei)年的(de)(de)農歷四月十八(ba)是(shi)大孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)鎮(zhen)一年一度的(de)(de)廟(miao)會(hui),說到孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)的(de)(de)廟(miao)會(hui),據(ju)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)鎮(zhen)志(zhi)記載(zai):“早在宋代就有(you)(you)廟(miao)會(hui)之(zhi)舉,廟(miao)會(hui)集會(hui)地(di)址(zhi)在下(xia)廟(miao)戲樓廣場,規模鼎盛(sheng)時(shi)期是(shi)在清(qing)代的(de)(de)乾隆年間,當時(shi)重修(xiu)海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)時(shi),興(xing)(xing)起了海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)和藥(yao)王(wang)廟(miao)會(hui),每(mei)(mei)年的(de)(de)四月十八(ba)天后宮(gong)舉辦民間娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui),隨(sui)著時(shi)間的(de)(de)遷移,海神娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)日(ri)漸興(xing)(xing)隆,特別(bie)是(shi)道(dao)光年間建成戲樓后,廟(miao)會(hui)盛(sheng)況日(ri)常(chang)空前,廟(miao)會(hui)內容也日(ri)益(yi)豐(feng)富多彩,燒(shao)香拜佛,祈福還(huan)愿等,摻和著文(wen)藝(yi)節目、戲曲、雜耍、旱船表演,同時(shi)還(huan)有(you)(you)商品交(jiao)易(yi),解放初期和文(wen)革期間中斷”。
另據丹東(dong)作家(jia)張濤先生所著的(de)(de)(de)《孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)獨白》一(yi)書稱:“娘(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)會,是舊歷四月十八,據記(ji),這一(yi)天是天仙圣(sheng)母(mu)的(de)(de)(de)生日,僧侶和(he)信徒為(wei)慶祝(zhu)圣(sheng)誕(dan)而(er)興辦廟(miao)(miao)會,天仙圣(sheng)母(mu)不(bu)是一(yi)個人,而(er)是趙公元(yuan)帥的(de)(de)(de)三位女(nv)兒——云霄(xiao)、碧霄(xiao)、瓊霄(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)稱,謂之(zhi)三霄(xiao)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang),故廟(miao)(miao)會又(you)稱為(wei)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)會。”據歷史記(ji)載,孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古建筑群開(kai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)始(shi)祖倪理休于(yu)清乾隆八年(nian)(公元(yuan)1744年(nian))來(lai)到(dao)大(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)托缽募化三載所建,如此算來(lai),大(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會的(de)(de)(de)歷史可以(yi)追溯到(dao)二百五十年(nian)以(yi)前(qian)了。時至今日,我們可以(yi)推想當年(nian),當時,陸路交通并不(bu)發(fa)達,過往(wang)于(yu)鴨綠江(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)往(wang)船(chuan)(chuan)只(zhi),遙(yao)望一(yi)巍峨高山(shan)(shan)(shan)矗立于(yu)黃海岸(an)邊,于(yu)是停船(chuan)(chuan)靠岸(an),上(shang)岸(an)交易(yi)(yi),盛況何其空前(qian)。特別(bie)是四月十八,正逢(feng)草(cao)長鶯(ying)飛時節(jie),長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)貨獸皮要運(yun)往(wang)關(guan)內,江(jiang)南的(de)(de)(de)絲(si)竹瓷器又(you)從(cong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)威海源(yuan)源(yuan)而(er)來(lai),孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)就成(cheng)了南北(bei)貨物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)轉站,南來(lai)北(bei)往(wang)的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)賈,周邊出海打漁的(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)(chuan)家(jia),齊聚古鎮,貿易(yi)(yi)商(shang)談(tan),會親訪友,為(wei)大(da)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)(miao)會增添豐富的(de)(de)(de)內涵。
古(gu)(gu)戲樓,建(jian)于清道光六(liu)年,有二百多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史。它不(bu)僅是大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)標志性建(jian)筑,也是大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮繁(fan)榮(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)見(jian)證(zheng)。過大(da)年、正月十(shi)五、端午節、中(zhong)秋節,每(mei)年四月十(shi)八廟會(hui)這里便(bian)成(cheng)了旅游與交易(yi)場所,繼續抒寫著昔日的(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)榮(rong)。古(gu)(gu)戲樓最具(ju)匠心的(de)(de)(de)(de)是它的(de)(de)(de)(de)屋頂。歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)和(he)硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)兩種屋頂完美結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑形式(shi)(shi)極為罕見(jian),成(cheng)為大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)(qun)三大(da)奇觀之首。
觀音(yin)閣,因(yin)其坐(zuo)南面北,當地人(ren)成為“倒坐(zuo)廟”。相傳,觀音(yin)菩薩圣(sheng)像曾面北背南,從海上飛(fei)來,使(shi)當地瘟疫消遁(dun),人(ren)心向善,于是觀音(yin)閣由(you)此(ci)而建(jian)。觀音(yin)閣的古聯(lian)也很有意(yi)味。上聯(lian)是“問士大夫為何(he)倒坐(zuo)”,下(xia)聯(lian)是“嘆世人(ren)不肯回頭”上下(xia)聯(lian)以世人(ren)和(he)觀音(yin)的口吻一問一答,充滿意(yi)趣和(he)智慧。
無角(jiao)草(cao)龍(long),關帝殿三重檐門(men)樓(lou)中部兩條無角(jiao)草(cao)龍(long),也(ye)早就(jiu)了關帝殿的(de)一(yi)大奇,和古戲樓(lou)的(de)屋頂、倒坐的(de)觀音閣,構成大孤山古建(jian)筑群的(de)三大奇觀。