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地理位置與氣候

重慶(qing)(qing)藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)園隸屬(shu)于重慶(qing)(qing)市藥物(wu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)研究所，原四川省中醫藥研究院藥物(wu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)研究所。地處(chu)重慶(qing)(qing)市南川區金佛山腳(jiao)下，距縣城15公里。位于東經(jing)107°21′。北緯28°95′。海拔630米。屬(shu)四川盆地亞熱帶濕潤季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和、雨(yu)量充(chong)沛、冬無嚴寒、夏無酷暑、霜雪稀少、無霜期長，具有明(ming)顯(xian)的季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)特點。年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)16.3℃。1月(yue)(yue)份平均最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)5.8℃，極(ji)端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-3℃，7月(yue)(yue)份平均最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)26.2℃，極(ji)端最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)34.6℃。年(nian)降水量1250.2毫米。

發展歷程及資源介紹

重慶藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)園創(chuang)建于(yu)1947年，是我國最(zui)早建立的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)標本園。當時附設在藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)所前身(shen)中(zhong)央林業(ye)實驗所常山種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)試驗場的(de)(de)苗圃內，占地(di)約0.7公(gong)頃(qing)。到1949年底(di)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)292種(zhong)(zhong)。解放(fang)后，隨著黨對中(zhong)醫中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)事業(ye)的(de)(de)重視和藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)栽培(pei)科(ke)研(yan)的(de)(de)發(fa)燕尾服，現已擁有藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)2300余種(zhong)(zhong)（不包括品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)），成為藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)重要科(ke)研(yan)基地(di)，也是我國藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源保存的(de)(de)主(zhu)要集中(zhong)地(di)之一(yi)。

全園現有(you)土(tu)地(di)面(mian)積約9.5公頃，其(qi)中(zhong)標本(ben)(ben)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)區(qu)(qu)占地(di)1.9公頃。試驗區(qu)(qu)約0.7公頃，繁殖示范(fan)區(qu)(qu)5.5公頃，溫室(shi)(shi)、種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)室(shi)(shi)、科(ke)(ke)研樓、生(sheng)活區(qu)(qu)及四周綠(lv)化占地(di)1.3公頃。根據藥(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)特殊的生(sheng)態和環境，已(yi)建(jian)成(cheng)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)小區(qu)(qu)12個。園內主(zhu)要科(ke)(ke)研設施有(you)實驗繁殖溫室(shi)(shi)380平方米，氣象觀(guan)測(ce)站一個，實驗室(shi)(shi)8間(jian)(jian)。種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)室(shi)(shi)2間(jian)(jian)，收集保(bao)(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)約800種(zhong)(zhong)。原生(sheng)藥(yao)材樣品室(shi)(shi)2間(jian)(jian)，收集保(bao)(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)材樣品1200多個。臘葉標本(ben)(ben)室(shi)(shi)7間(jian)(jian)，貯存(cun)臘葉標本(ben)(ben)7000多種(zhong)(zhong)，近150000份，是我(wo)國(guo)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)用植(zhi)物(wu)臘葉標本(ben)(ben)最多的單(dan)位之一。有(you)職(zhi)工(gong)20人，其(qi)中(zhong)科(ke)(ke)技人員9人（縣中(zhong)級職(zhi)稱以上的有(you)4人）。

交流與合作

在建(jian)園(yuan)和科(ke)研(yan)的(de)同時(shi)，還開展大(da)量的(de)科(ke)普(pu)工作。該所以標本(ben)園(yuan)為基地，先后(hou)舉了(le)60多期全國、省、地縣(xian)中草(cao)藥材采、種(zhong)、制訓(xun)練班或學(xue)習班。每年接(jie)待(dai)(dai)參觀、實習達3000人次以上；接(jie)待(dai)(dai)愛好者近1萬人次。向(xiang)外提供近1000種(zhong)中草(cao)藥種(zhong)子、種(zhong)苗、數萬份臘葉(xie)標本(ben)及數百種(zhong)原生藥樣品。

在開發工作方面，主要依靠(kao)藥(yao)用(yong)植物科研(yan)實力和(he)豐富的(de)種(zhong)質資(zi)源(yuan)，結(jie)合科研(yan)成果的(de)推廣，繁殖和(he)銷售藥(yao)用(yong)、觀賞及其他經濟植物苗木。代辦科研(yan)、教學(xue)需用(yong)的(de)臘(la)葉標本和(he)生(sheng)藥(yao)樣品等業(ye)務，開展以(yi)藥(yao)物種(zhong)植、資(zi)源(yuan)和(he)花(hua)卉栽培(pei)技術咨詢。承(cheng)包園林(lin)綠化工程(cheng)的(de)規劃(hua)和(he)施工管理(li)等。

成果及未來建設

該園科研(yan)工(gong)作(zuo)的總方向(xiang)是進行藥用植物的收集(ji)、栽培(pei)、馴化和(he)種質(zhi)資(zi)源的研(yan)究。從西南(nan)、華東、華中(zhong)等地區發掘野生藥物資(zi)源，為(wei)中(zhong)藥材(cai)的科研(yan)、生產服務(wu)。

43年來，園(yuan)內對(dui)上千種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)行了(le)(le)野生(sheng)(sheng)變家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)及(ji)(ji)繁殖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)、收獲加工方法等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)初步研(yan)(yan)究。對(dui)入園(yuan)的(de)絕(jue)大(da)多數種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進(jin)行了(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)態、生(sheng)(sheng)境及(ji)(ji)物候期、生(sheng)(sheng)物學特性的(de)觀(guan)察。并結合(he)采種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，分別對(dui)四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)、貴州、云南、湖北等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)省藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植物豐富(fu)的(de)山(shan)體及(ji)(ji)地區(qu)，進(jin)行過(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)考(kao)察。從而(er)積(ji)累了(le)(le)豐富(fu)的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)，為編寫(xie)《全國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植物栽培學》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)栽培》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植物栽培技(ji)(ji)術(shu)》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)栽培技(ji)(ji)術(shu)》、《常用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)手冊》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)書籍提供(gong)了(le)(le)大(da)量的(de)原始資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)。也為黃常山(shan)、益母(mu)(mu)草(cao)、天麻、半(ban)夏等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)野生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)的(de)家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功，云木香、懷(huai)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、穿心蓮等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功，薏苡仁、烏(wu)頭(tou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功和(he)烏(wu)頭(tou)白絹病、湖北貝母(mu)(mu)鱗莖(jing)腐(fu)爛病、吳茱萸褐天牛(niu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)病防治成(cheng)功，提供(gong)了(le)(le)許多有(you)益的(de)基礎資(zi)(zi)(zi)料(liao)。同時該園(yuan)科研(yan)(yan)人員主研(yan)(yan)或參研(yan)(yan)的(de)“酉陽青蒿(hao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)調(diao)查”、“四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)普查”、“金佛山(shan)經濟動(dong)植物資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)調(diao)查”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)科研(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目，共獲各級(ji)科技(ji)(ji)成(cheng)果獎14項(xiang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)1項(xiang)，省級(ji)9項(xiang)。累計發表學術(shu)論文近100篇（包括(kuo)合(he)作(zuo)撰寫(xie)）。參加編寫(xie)《四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)植物志(zhi)》、《四(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)志(zhi)》和(he)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)珍稀瀕危植物紅皮(pi)書》等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)著作(zuo)9部。

著重藥用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)建(jian)園(yuan)，突出為藥物(wu)種植(zhi)科(ke)研服務，全力保存(cun)我國(guo)傳統地道(dao)藥材(cai)的種質資源(yuan)，集中體現四(si)川東(dong)部豐(feng)富的藥用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)種類，是該(gai)園(yuan)的建(jian)園(yuan)方(fang)針(zhen)。