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地理位置與氣候

重(zhong)慶藥(yao)用植物(wu)(wu)園隸屬于重(zhong)慶市藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)植研(yan)究所，原四川省中(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)研(yan)究院藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)植研(yan)究所。地(di)(di)處(chu)重(zhong)慶市南川區(qu)金(jin)佛山(shan)腳下(xia)，距縣(xian)城15公里。位(wei)于東(dong)經107°21′。北緯(wei)28°95′。海拔(ba)630米。屬四川盆(pen)地(di)(di)亞熱帶濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫和(he)、雨量充沛、冬無(wu)(wu)嚴寒、夏無(wu)(wu)酷暑、霜雪稀少、無(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)長，具有明顯的季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)點。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫16.3℃。1月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫5.8℃，極端(duan)最低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫-3℃，7月(yue)份平(ping)均(jun)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫26.2℃，極端(duan)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫34.6℃。年(nian)降(jiang)水量1250.2毫(hao)米。

發展歷程及資源介紹

重慶藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物園創建于1947年，是(shi)我國最(zui)早建立(li)的(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物標本園。當時附設在藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物研(yan)究(jiu)所前身(shen)中央林業實驗所常山(shan)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)試驗場的(de)(de)苗圃內，占地(di)約0.7公頃(qing)。到(dao)1949年底，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物292種(zhong)(zhong)。解(jie)放后(hou)，隨著黨對中醫中藥(yao)事業的(de)(de)重視和(he)藥(yao)物栽培科(ke)研(yan)的(de)(de)發燕(yan)尾(wei)服，現已擁有藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物2300余種(zhong)(zhong)（不包括品種(zhong)(zhong)），成為藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研(yan)究(jiu)的(de)(de)重要科(ke)研(yan)基地(di)，也是(shi)我國藥(yao)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)質資源(yuan)保存的(de)(de)主要集中地(di)之(zhi)一。

全(quan)園(yuan)現有土地面積(ji)約9.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，其中標(biao)本種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)占地1.9公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。試驗區(qu)約0.7公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，繁(fan)殖示范(fan)區(qu)5.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，溫(wen)室(shi)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子室(shi)、科研樓、生活區(qu)及四周綠(lv)化(hua)占地1.3公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。根(gen)據藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植物(wu)特(te)殊的生態(tai)和環境，已建成種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植小區(qu)12個(ge)(ge)。園(yuan)內主要(yao)科研設施有實(shi)驗繁(fan)殖溫(wen)室(shi)380平(ping)方米，氣象觀(guan)測(ce)站一(yi)個(ge)(ge)，實(shi)驗室(shi)8間(jian)(jian)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子室(shi)2間(jian)(jian)，收(shou)集保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子約800種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。原生藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)樣品室(shi)2間(jian)(jian)，收(shou)集保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)樣品1200多(duo)個(ge)(ge)。臘葉標(biao)本室(shi)7間(jian)(jian)，貯存(cun)臘葉標(biao)本7000多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，近150000份，是我(wo)國保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植物(wu)臘葉標(biao)本最(zui)多(duo)的單(dan)位(wei)之一(yi)。有職(zhi)工20人，其中科技人員(yuan)9人（縣中級職(zhi)稱以(yi)上的有4人）。

交流與合作

在建園(yuan)和科研(yan)的同時，還開展(zhan)大量的科普工作。該所以標本園(yuan)為基(ji)地(di)，先后舉了60多期(qi)全國、省、地(di)縣中草藥材采、種(zhong)、制訓(xun)練班或學習班。每年(nian)接(jie)待(dai)參觀、實習達3000人次以上；接(jie)待(dai)愛好(hao)者近(jin)1萬(wan)(wan)人次。向外提供近(jin)1000種(zhong)中草藥種(zhong)子、種(zhong)苗、數(shu)萬(wan)(wan)份臘葉標本及(ji)數(shu)百(bai)種(zhong)原生(sheng)藥樣品。

在(zai)開發工作方面，主要依靠(kao)藥(yao)用(yong)植物科(ke)(ke)研實力和豐富的種(zhong)質資源，結合(he)科(ke)(ke)研成果(guo)的推(tui)廣(guang)，繁(fan)殖和銷售(shou)藥(yao)用(yong)、觀(guan)賞及其他經(jing)濟植物苗木。代辦(ban)科(ke)(ke)研、教學需用(yong)的臘(la)葉標本(ben)和生藥(yao)樣(yang)品等(deng)業務，開展以藥(yao)物種(zhong)植、資源和花卉栽培(pei)技(ji)術咨詢。承包園(yuan)林綠化(hua)工程的規劃(hua)和施工管理等(deng)。

成果及未來建設

該(gai)園科研(yan)工(gong)作的(de)總方向是進行藥用(yong)植物的(de)收集、栽(zai)培(pei)、馴化和種(zhong)質資(zi)源(yuan)的(de)研(yan)究。從西(xi)南、華(hua)東、華(hua)中等地區發掘野生藥物資(zi)源(yuan)，為中藥材的(de)科研(yan)、生產服務。

43年來，園(yuan)(yuan)內對上千種(zhong)常用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)進(jin)行了(le)(le)野(ye)生變家種(zhong)、良種(zhong)選育及繁(fan)殖(zhi)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、收獲加工方法等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)初步研(yan)(yan)究。對入園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)絕大(da)多數種(zhong)進(jin)行了(le)(le)生態、生境及物(wu)(wu)候期、生物(wu)(wu)學(xue)特性的(de)(de)(de)觀察。并結合(he)采種(zhong)、引種(zhong)，分別對四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)、貴州、云南、湖(hu)北(bei)等(deng)(deng)省藥(yao)用植物(wu)(wu)豐富的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)體及地區(qu)，進(jin)行過(guo)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)考察。從而積累了(le)(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)資(zi)料，為(wei)編(bian)寫《全(quan)國中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材生產技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)用植物(wu)(wu)栽(zai)培(pei)學(xue)》、《四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)栽(zai)培(pei)》、《四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)藥(yao)用植物(wu)(wu)栽(zai)培(pei)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》、《四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材栽(zai)培(pei)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》、《常用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)手冊》等(deng)(deng)書籍提供(gong)了(le)(le)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)原始資(zi)料。也為(wei)黃常山(shan)、益母(mu)草(cao)、天(tian)麻(ma)、半夏等(deng)(deng)野(ye)生藥(yao)材的(de)(de)(de)家種(zhong)成(cheng)功(gong)，云木香、懷山(shan)藥(yao)、穿(chuan)心蓮等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)引種(zhong)成(cheng)功(gong)，薏苡仁、烏頭(tou)等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)選種(zhong)成(cheng)功(gong)和烏頭(tou)白絹病、湖(hu)北(bei)貝母(mu)鱗莖腐爛病、吳(wu)茱萸褐天(tian)牛等(deng)(deng)病防治成(cheng)功(gong)，提供(gong)了(le)(le)許多有益的(de)(de)(de)基礎資(zi)料。同時該(gai)園(yuan)(yuan)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)人(ren)員主研(yan)(yan)或(huo)參(can)研(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)“酉(you)陽(yang)青蒿(hao)資(zi)源(yuan)調查”、“四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)普查”、“金佛山(shan)經濟動植物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)調查”等(deng)(deng)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)項(xiang)目，共獲各級科(ke)技成(cheng)果(guo)獎14項(xiang)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國家級1項(xiang)，省級9項(xiang)。累計發表學(xue)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)論文(wen)近100篇(pian)（包括合(he)作撰寫）。參(can)加編(bian)寫《四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)植物(wu)(wu)志》、《四(si)(si)(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)志》和《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國珍稀瀕(bin)危植物(wu)(wu)紅(hong)皮(pi)書》等(deng)(deng)著作9部。

著(zhu)重藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物建(jian)園，突(tu)出為(wei)藥物種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)科研(yan)服務，全力保存我國傳統地(di)道藥材的(de)種(zhong)質資源(yuan)，集(ji)中體(ti)現四(si)川東部(bu)豐富的(de)藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)類(lei)，是該園的(de)建(jian)園方針。