發展歷史
設施建設
千陽縣上先后投(tou)資(zi)數千萬元,在濕(shi)地公(gong)園內建起了濕(shi)地水生植物(wu)園、門戶(hu)區(qu)、鳥類(lei)觀賞區(qu)、秦風民俗園和紙坊灣風景區(qu)等旅游景點(dian),年接待游客10多萬人次,被游客譽為“濕(shi)地典范、人文樂(le)園、養(yang)生天(tian)堂”。2011年,千湖(hu)被國(guo)(guo)家(jia)林業局命名為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園,成(cheng)為陜西省第一(yi)個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公(gong)園。
建設內容(rong)包括新(xin)建濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園管理處(chu)(chu)1個,保護(hu)管理站(生態旅游服務部)2處(chu)(chu),珍稀動物(wu)救(jiu)護(hu)繁育中(zhong)心1處(chu)(chu),濕(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園展(zhan)覽中(zhong)心1處(chu)(chu),濕(shi)地(di)科普觀鳥小(xiao)區1處(chu)(chu),濕(shi)地(di)文化及(ji)資(zi)源展(zhan)示小(xiao)區1處(chu)(chu),恢(hui)(hui)復和重建挺水植(zhi)物(wu)50公(gong)(gong)頃,恢(hui)(hui)復和重建濕(shi)生植(zhi)物(wu)70公(gong)(gong)頃,購(gou)置保護(hu)、宣(xuan)教、防火(huo)、旅游等交(jiao)通(tong)車輛8輛,購(gou)置宣(xuan)傳、科研監測、醫(yi)療救(jiu)護(hu)、辦公(gong)(gong)設施設備(bei)各1套;設立(li)固(gu)(gu)定樣地(di)60個;項目固(gu)(gu)定樣線80條,建設城市濕(shi)地(di)休閑(xian)(xian)小(xiao)區、段(duan)坊濕(shi)地(di)人家小(xiao)區和新(xin)興(xing)商務濕(shi)地(di)休閑(xian)(xian)小(xiao)區共3處(chu)(chu)。
景區規劃
千湖(hu)國家濕地(di)公園設(she)(she)有管(guan)理(li)區(qu)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)育區(qu)、科研區(qu)、休(xiu)閑區(qu)、新(xin)家園區(qu)五個功能(neng)區(qu)。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)期限為7年,即2009~2015年,工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)規劃建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)總(zong)投資8854.45萬元。前期建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)為2009-2011年,重(zhong)點建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)內容是濕地(di)環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)與安(an)全工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)濕地(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、自(zi)然環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)、綠(lv)化美化等(deng)(deng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),生(sheng)態旅游工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)城關(guan)景區(qu)、新(xin)興商(shang)務(wu)休(xiu)閑景區(qu)等(deng)(deng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),管(guan)理(li)處、站等(deng)(deng)基礎服務(wu)設(she)(she)施項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she);后期建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)為2012-2015年,主要建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)內容是濕地(di)環(huan)境保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)與安(an)全工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)濕地(di)生(sheng)物資源保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、科研與監測工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、宣傳教育與解說系統(tong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、社區(qu)共管(guan)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、生(sheng)態旅游工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的段坊(fang)景區(qu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)等(deng)(deng)。
地理位置
陜(shan)西(xi)千(qian)湖國家(jia)濕地(di)公(gong)(gong)園位于渭(wei)河(he)一(yi)級(ji)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)千(qian)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)千(qian)陽縣境中部,地(di)跨千(qian)陽縣寇(kou)家(jia)河(he)鄉(xiang)、城(cheng)關鎮、柿溝(gou)鄉(xiang)3個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮。公(gong)(gong)園西(xi)起寇(kou)家(jia)河(he)鄉(xiang)新興村和柿溝(gou)鄉(xiang)柿溝(gou)村,東(dong)至城(cheng)關鎮千(qian)陽中學(陜(shan)西(xi)千(qian)湖濕地(di)省級(ji)自(zi)然保護區西(xi)端)。南北寬約7.7公(gong)(gong)里,東(dong)西(xi)長約6.3公(gong)(gong)里。地(di)理坐標位于東(dong)經107°3′55″~107°8′13″和北緯34°37′54″~34°41′59″之(zhi)間,總面積(ji)(ji)573.2公(gong)(gong)頃。千(qian)湖谷地(di)海拔710~800米,一(yi)般(ban)寬12公(gong)(gong)里,沖積(ji)(ji)層比較深厚,地(di)勢平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦。項(xiang)目(mu)所在區域(yu)屬暖(nuan)溫帶(dai)半濕潤大(da)陸性(xing)季風(feng)氣候區,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫10.8℃,≥10℃活動積(ji)(ji)溫3477.9℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數2092.7小時,多(duo)(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)無霜期197天(tian)(最長223天(tian),最短156天(tian)),夏(xia)季炎(yan)熱,常有暴雨(yu),秋季多(duo)(duo)有連陰雨(yu)。極端最高氣溫40.5℃,極端最低(di)氣溫-19.9℃。多(duo)(duo)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)653毫米,項(xiang)目(mu)區土(tu)壤以褐土(tu)為(wei)主,兼有少量(liang)白土(tu)分布,耕(geng)作土(tu)壤為(wei)壚(lu)土(tu)。
保護區東側有(you)一大型水(shui)庫,是(shi)西(xi)北地(di)(di)(di)區最大的(de)馮家(jia)山(shan)水(shui)庫,庫容4.02億(yi)立方米。千湖國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園是(shi)依托陜西(xi)境內(nei)最大的(de)馮家(jia)山(shan)水(shui)庫上游的(de)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)優勢而(er)建成。千湖國家(jia)濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公園是(shi)以河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)特征(zheng)為(wei)主,集河(he)流濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、庫塘濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)特征(zheng)于一體,是(shi)我國西(xi)北地(di)(di)(di)區典型的(de)黃(huang)土高原濕(shi)地(di)(di)(di)。
動物資源
公園有(you)(you)陸生(sheng)脊(ji)椎動物(wu)5綱27目(mu)(mu)47科(ke)(ke)(ke)174種,其中濕地鳥類(lei)14目(mu)(mu)24科(ke)(ke)(ke)81種,水(shui)禽41種,國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)護鳥類(lei)如大(da)天鵝、灰(hui)鶴(he)等(deng),有(you)(you)省重點保(bao)護并列入《中日候鳥保(bao)護協定》名錄中的(de)白鷺、豆雁、針尾鴨、綠翅鴨、花臉(lian)鴨、赤膀鴨、赤麻鴨等(deng),雁鴨類(lei)種類(lei)數量約30萬只左右,數量較大(da)。哺(bu)乳類(lei)5目(mu)(mu)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)24種,兩棲(qi)(qi)爬行類(lei)3目(mu)(mu)8科(ke)(ke)(ke)21種。其次還(huan)有(you)(you)豐富的(de)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)資源如有(you)(you)秦(qin)嶺細鱗鮭、馬口魚(yu)(yu)、寬鰭鱲、拉氏魚(yu)(yu)歲、中華鰟鮍、鯉、鯽等(deng)共(gong)5目(mu)(mu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)48種,水(shui)生(sheng)生(sheng)物(wu)十分豐富。良(liang)好的(de)自然資源為(wei)水(shui)禽棲(qi)(qi)息(xi)提供了豐富的(de)食物(wu)資源,每年冬季(ji)在此棲(qi)(qi)息(xi)的(de)有(you)(you)雁、鴨、鷺等(deng)多種鳥類(lei)。
濕地植物
千湖國家濕(shi)地公園區內(nei)植(zhi)(zhi)被主要為暖(nuan)溫帶落葉闊(kuo)葉林(lin)。植(zhi)(zhi)被中喬(qiao)木以栽培樹(shu)(shu)種為主,如泡桐、刺槐、香(xiang)(xiang)椿、榆(yu)、楊、柳(liu)等(deng)。經(jing)濟(ji)樹(shu)(shu)種有蘋果(guo)、桃(tao)、李、杏(xing)、柿等(deng)。灌木有黃薔(qiang)薇、酸棗、胡枝子等(deng)。草本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)有蘆葦、香(xiang)(xiang)蔳、水蔥、堿蒿、白茅草等(deng)。農作物(wu)有小麥、油菜、玉米等(deng)。初步(bu)調查顯示項目區內(nei)有濕(shi)地植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(苔(tai)蘚(xian)、蕨類、裸子、被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu))34科61屬101種。
區內生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)資源豐富(fu),良好(hao)的自(zi)然資源為水禽棲(qi)(qi)息(xi)提供了豐富(fu)的食物(wu)資源,每年冬季有(you)雁、鴨、鷺(lu)等多(duo)種鳥類在(zai)此(ci)棲(qi)(qi)息(xi)。同時(shi)濕(shi)地(di)(di)公園具有(you)顯著或特殊生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、文(wen)化、美(mei)學和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性價值的濕(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan),生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)特征顯著。以(yi)濕(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)為主體,融合濕(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)觀(guan)和人(ren)文(wen)景(jing)觀(guan)并具有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)、科(ke)學、教育(yu)、休閑、其它自(zi)然景(jing)觀(guan)和歷史文(wen)化價值。