從(cong)天(tian)(tian)蓬(peng)山(shan)寨(zhai)的西(xi)(xi)門(men)登上銀(yin)臺(tai)山(shan)頂(ding),可望兩省四縣九十六處洞(dong)寨(zhai)。這(zhe)里位于陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省和(he)湖北省交界處,也(ye)在山(shan)陽縣、鎮安縣、柞水縣、鄖西(xi)(xi)縣四縣交匯處。古(gu)時在這(zhe)個(ge)山(shan)頂(ding)設有(you)瞭望哨,并(bing)有(you)青(qing)黑紅(hong)白(bai)四面大旗(qi)。如有(you)那個(ge)山(shan)寨(zhai)或(huo)山(shan)洞(dong)燃起(qi)狼煙,天(tian)(tian)蓬(peng)山(shan)寨(zhai)后面的山(shan)頂(ding)也(ye)會(hui)燃起(qi)狼煙,立(li)起(qi)紅(hong)旗(qi)讓(rang)(rang)其它山(shan)寨(zhai)做好防(fang)范(fan),青(qing)旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)讓(rang)(rang)周邊(bian)山(shan)寨(zhai)支援,黑旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)表示危險(xian)或(huo)有(you)山(shan)寨(zhai)被攻(gong)破,白(bai)旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)表示土匪已離(li)去,警報解除。
眾多(duo)山(shan)寨(zhai)雖在高(gao)高(gao)的(de)(de)山(shan)尖之上(shang),但每(mei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)山(shan)寨(zhai)邊(bian)都(dou)有(you)一(yi)(yi)口水井,終年不枯,這也是當地(di)人們常引以(yi)為豪的(de)(de)“山(shan)有(you)多(duo)高(gao),水有(you)多(duo)高(gao)”。清涼寨(zhai)就有(you)景門和生(sheng)門兩個(ge)門,每(mei)個(ge)門口各有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)泉眼(yan)供(gong)寨(zhai)內人飲用(yong)。寨(zhai)墻厚兩米(mi)七,全部用(yong)條石砌(qi)成,高(gao)五米(mi),按乾、坎(kan)、艮、震、巽(xun)、離、坤(kun)、兌八個(ge)方(fang)向設八個(ge)炮位(wei)。每(mei)個(ge)炮位(wei)的(de)(de)炮孔內大外(wai)小,可供(gong)三人靈(ling)活操作(zuo)一(yi)(yi)門土(tu)炮。寨(zhai)內還有(you)一(yi)(yi)條運兵通(tong)道,一(yi)(yi)圈共(gong)有(you)二(er)十八個(ge)瞭(liao)望孔。遇有(you)戰事時,四(si)面插(cha)上(shang)彩旗,備足雷石,固若金湯。節選自《天蓬山(shan)寨(zhai)紀事》。
天(tian)(tian)蓬山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)東邊(bian)的天(tian)(tian)坑梁(liang),下(xia)臨(lin)金錢河(he)與(yu)滑水河(he)兩河(he)交匯(hui)之(zhi)處,三面險山(shan),唯(wei)天(tian)(tian)蓬山(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方較為(wei)(wei)方便通(tong)行(xing),自古以(yi)來(lai)就(jiu)是易守難攻之(zhi)地,有多(duo)處屯兵建寨(zhai)(zhai)遺(yi)跡。民國二十三年(nian)(1934)12月25日,紅二十五(wu)軍進入本縣九(jiu)甲灣,收(shou)編(bian)當地以(yi)阮(ruan)(ruan)開(kai)科(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)首的“紅槍(qiang)(qiang)會”,編(bian)為(wei)(wei)鄂陜邊(bian)區第(di)(di)九(jiu)路游擊(ji)師(shi)(shi),任命阮(ruan)(ruan)開(kai)科(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)師(shi)(shi)長(chang),派紅軍干部李(li)洪章為(wei)(wei)政委(wei),發(fa)給(gei)長(chang)短槍(qiang)(qiang)52枝。九(jiu)師(shi)(shi)以(yi)唐家(jia)河(he)為(wei)(wei)中心,在(zai)陜鄂邊(bian)境山(shan)區打(da)土豪(hao),分(fen)浮財,隊伍很快擴大到(dao)千余(yu)人。還配合主(zhu)力軍在(zai)泗峪口打(da)垮艾光清保甲400余(yu)人,殲滅國民黨軍四十四師(shi)(shi)蕭之(zhi)楚(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個營,會合第(di)(di)五(wu)路游擊(ji)師(shi)(shi)打(da)垮楊虎城第(di)(di)十七路軍警備(bei)第(di)(di)二旅(lv)韓(han)子芳團。不久,阮(ruan)(ruan)開(kai)科(ke)(ke)私(si)欲(yu)萌動,家(jia)資漸(jian)豐(feng),生活自由散漫,不受軍紀約束,經常率少數(shu)親信明(ming)取暗(an)奪,假(jia)公濟私(si)。師(shi)(shi)政委(wei)李(li)洪章對其(qi)進行(xing)批評,其(qi)對李(li)遂生忿恨。后因籌(chou)措(cuo)部隊給(gei)養問題(ti)發(fa)生爭執,阮(ruan)(ruan)即(ji)產生殺李(li)惡念,于二十四年(nian)六月九(jiu)日晚派人槍(qiang)(qiang)殺李(li)洪章,并(bing)割其(qi)首級去縣請功,叛(pan)變革命。天(tian)(tian)坑梁(liang)兵寨(zhai)(zhai)多(duo)已被毀,連之(zhi)前兩個火山(shan)口的兩池清水都干了(le),從前這兩池水魚(yu)肥(fei)水美,池魚(yu)能從一(yi)(yi)(yi)個池子跳到(dao)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)個池子。
天蓬山(shan)(shan)寨的南(nan)邊有后蔭(yin)寨、店埡子等(deng)要寨,從(cong)楊地鎮(zhen)(zhen)沿冷(leng)安路(lu)向西不遠的后蔭(yin)寨,站在(zai)公路(lu)邊就可以看見那黑色(se)的寨墻。1935年2月上(shang)旬,中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)特(te)(te)委、鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)司(si)(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)在(zai)山(shan)(shan)陽縣店埡子成(cheng)立,郭(guo)述(shu)(shu)申任特(te)(te)委書記(ji)(ji)兼(jian)游(you)擊(ji)司(si)(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)政委,陳先瑞任司(si)(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)。3月,郭(guo)述(shu)(shu)申調回(hui)軍部(bu),由戴(dai)季英繼任特(te)(te)委書記(ji)(ji)兼(jian)政委;6月,戴(dai)季英調回(hui)軍部(bu),由鄭位三接任。中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)特(te)(te)委隸屬中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鄂豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)省委領導,下轄中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)安縣委、中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)五星縣委,主(zhu)要活動在(zai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)安、山(shan)(shan)陽、柞水、旬陽和湖(hu)北的鄖(yun)西等(deng)縣邊界地區。鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)司(si)(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)下轄鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)第3路(lu)、第4路(lu)、第5路(lu)、第6路(lu)、第7路(lu)、第9路(lu)共(gong)(gong)6路(lu)游(you)擊(ji)師和鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)司(si)(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)戰斗(dou)營。1935年9月鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)特(te)(te)委與豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)特(te)(te)委合并成(cheng)立中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)特(te)(te)委(后稱鄂豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)特(te)(te)委)。同年鄂陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)司(si)(si)令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)與豫(yu)陜(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)師合并,組(zu)成(cheng)中(zhong)國工農紅軍第七(qi)十(shi)四師。站在(zai)二里(li)灣(wan)山(shan)(shan)梁舉目遠眺(tiao),位于東龍(long)山(shan)(shan)、老寨、迎合寨之中(zhong)的白(bai)塔寨筆(bi)直矗(chu)立,頗為(wei)壯觀(guan)。
天蓬山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)邊(bian)有(you)(you)鉆天寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、孫家溝寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、東(dong)西(xi)二(er)(er)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)等,白塔(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)為(wei)明末山陽、鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)毛家和張家兩大(da)(da)戶聯合(he)當地(di)(di)民(min)眾為(wei)避(bi)白蓮教(jiao)義軍(jun)(jun)(jun)而修建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de),起(qi)(qi)初叫新寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。民(min)國(guo)初年(nian)改成(cheng)白塔(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)時規劃設(she)計十(shi)分獨特,按照座北朝南的(de)(de)(de)方位(wei),前(qian)為(wei)南門(men)套二(er)(er)層門(men),后(hou)門(men)朝北,套二(er)(er)道門(men),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)國(guo)王人(ren)行(xing)道路(lu),上部建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)108個防御炮眼(yan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)36個哨(shao)眼(yan),下部建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)28個大(da)(da)眼(yan)因地(di)(di)形限制,白塔(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)前(qian)寬后(hou)窄呈橢圓形。與其它寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)子不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)是,寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)后(hou)腳有(you)(you)堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)離石墻,并套有(you)(you)一小(xiao)間(jian)(jian)(jian),專為(wei)老弱病殘(can)及(ji)婦女坐月子所用(yong)(yong),前(qian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)設(she)3聽(ting)廳間(jian)(jian)(jian),有(you)(you)守寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)兵勇專用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)4間(jian)(jian)(jian)廳房(fang),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)5間(jian)(jian)(jian)3層的(de)(de)(de)房(fang)屋,后(hou)廳的(de)(de)(de)最低處建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)4小(xiao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)兵庫,建(jian)(jian)(jian)造規模宏(hong)大(da)(da),地(di)(di)理(li)位(wei)置險要,結構新穎獨特。1935年(nian)1月4日,程(cheng)子華、徐海東(dong)、陳先瑞(rui)率領的(de)(de)(de)紅二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻戰(zhan)鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)城后(hou),立(li)即派(pai)紅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)作(zuo)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)白塔(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)宣(xuan)布(bu)成(cheng)立(li)鄂豫陜革命(ming)(ming)根據(ju)地(di)(di),次(ci)年(nian)2月又宣(xuan)布(bu)成(cheng)立(li)鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)蘇(su)維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)政府(fu),派(pai)出6支紅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)工(gong)作(zuo)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)二(er)(er)里灣(wan)(wan)、滑(hua)水(shui)河、柿園子、白塔(ta)灣(wan)(wan)組(zu)(zu)織發(fa)動(dong)窮(qiong)(qiong)苦大(da)(da)眾,掀(xian)起(qi)(qi)轟(hong)轟(hong)烈(lie)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de);‘打土(tu)豪’、分田地(di)(di)農民(min)運(yun)動(dong)。2月14日,陳先瑞(rui)司(si)令員(yuan)在(zai)滑(hua)水(shui)河召開千人(ren)大(da)(da)會(hui),莊(zhuang)嚴宣(xuan)布(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)委、鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)蘇(su)維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)成(cheng)立(li),沒收地(di)(di)主(zhu)老財的(de)(de)(de)420畝土(tu)地(di)(di)和57間(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)屋分給了當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)(qiong)克人(ren)民(min),取得(de)了鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)第一次(ci)土(tu)地(di)(di)革命(ming)(ming)運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)勝利(li),受到了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央領導的(de)(de)(de)高度贊揚。1935年(nian)5月8日,國(guo)名黨四(si)十(shi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)龐部隊(dui)乘天旱白塔(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)缺水(shui)之機(ji),突然圍攻白他站(zhan)蘇(su)維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)政府(fu)根據(ju)地(di)(di),機(ji)智(zhi)勇敢的(de)(de)(de)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)上310多名游擊(ji)隊(dui)員(yuan),采取快速(su)突圍撤出的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)戰(zhan)方案(an)。窮(qiong)(qiong)兇極惡的(de)(de)(de)龐部利(li)用(yong)(yong)店呀(ya)子的(de)(de)(de)制高點,用(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)炮紅紙白塔(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai),張永(yong)勝、朱(zhu)啟有(you)(you)等6名游擊(ji)隊(dui)員(yuan)犧(xi)牲在(zai)西(xi)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)門(men),游擊(ji)隊(dui)員(yuan)馬德普被捉下寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)強殺于二(er)(er)里灣(wan)(wan)。其后(hou),在(zai)二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)北上抗日后(hou),白塔(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)周圍的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方游擊(ji)師(shi)隊(dui)員(yuan)繼續組(zu)(zu)織擴大(da)(da)地(di)(di)方武(wu)裝力量,開展(zhan)革命(ming)(ming)活動(dong)。
天蓬山(shan)寨(zhai)的(de)(de)北面有雙(shuang)環寨(zhai)、清涼寨(zhai)等(deng)。位于宋川的(de)(de)雙(shuang)環寨(zhai),兩(liang)寨(zhai)相距僅幾百米,可以(yi)及時(shi)相互支援,是這些山(shan)寨(zhai)群中的(de)(de)精品。
這些山寨,在很多(duo)人心中,已是世界級的文化遺產。