從(cong)天蓬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)的西門登上銀臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding),可望兩省(sheng)四縣(xian)九十六處洞寨(zhai)。這里位于陜(shan)西省(sheng)和湖北省(sheng)交界處,也(ye)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)陽縣(xian)、鎮安縣(xian)、柞水縣(xian)、鄖西縣(xian)四縣(xian)交匯處。古時在這個山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)設有瞭(liao)望哨,并有青黑(hei)紅白(bai)四面大旗(qi)。如有那個山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)或山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)洞燃(ran)起(qi)(qi)狼煙(yan),天蓬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)后面的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)(ding)也(ye)會燃(ran)起(qi)(qi)狼煙(yan),立(li)起(qi)(qi)紅旗(qi)讓其它山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)做好防范(fan),青旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)(qi)讓周邊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)支援(yuan),黑(hei)旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)(qi)表(biao)示(shi)危險(xian)或有山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)被攻破,白(bai)旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)(qi)表(biao)示(shi)土匪已離去,警報解除。
眾多山寨(zhai)(zhai)雖在高(gao)高(gao)的(de)山尖之上,但每一(yi)個(ge)山寨(zhai)(zhai)邊都有(you)(you)一(yi)口(kou)水(shui)井,終年不枯,這也是當地人(ren)們常(chang)引以(yi)為豪的(de)“山有(you)(you)多高(gao),水(shui)有(you)(you)多高(gao)”。清涼寨(zhai)(zhai)就有(you)(you)景門(men)(men)和生門(men)(men)兩個(ge)門(men)(men),每個(ge)門(men)(men)口(kou)各有(you)(you)一(yi)個(ge)泉眼供寨(zhai)(zhai)內人(ren)飲(yin)用。寨(zhai)(zhai)墻(qiang)厚(hou)兩米七,全部用條(tiao)石砌(qi)成,高(gao)五米,按乾、坎、艮(gen)、震、巽、離、坤、兌八(ba)個(ge)方向設八(ba)個(ge)炮(pao)(pao)位(wei)(wei)。每個(ge)炮(pao)(pao)位(wei)(wei)的(de)炮(pao)(pao)孔內大外小,可供三人(ren)靈(ling)活操作一(yi)門(men)(men)土(tu)炮(pao)(pao)。寨(zhai)(zhai)內還有(you)(you)一(yi)條(tiao)運兵通道(dao),一(yi)圈共有(you)(you)二十八(ba)個(ge)瞭望孔。遇(yu)有(you)(you)戰事(shi)時,四面(mian)插上彩(cai)旗,備足雷石,固若金湯(tang)。節選自(zi)《天蓬山寨(zhai)(zhai)紀事(shi)》。
天蓬山(shan)(shan)寨東邊的(de)天坑(keng)(keng)梁,下(xia)臨金(jin)錢河與滑水(shui)河兩(liang)河交匯(hui)之處,三面(mian)險山(shan)(shan),唯天蓬山(shan)(shan)寨一(yi)(yi)方(fang)較為(wei)(wei)方(fang)便通行,自古以(yi)來就(jiu)是易守難(nan)攻之地,有多處屯兵(bing)建寨遺跡。民國(guo)二(er)十(shi)三年(nian)(1934)12月(yue)25日,紅二(er)十(shi)五(wu)軍(jun)進入本縣(xian)九甲灣(wan),收編當地以(yi)阮開科為(wei)(wei)首的(de)“紅槍會”,編為(wei)(wei)鄂陜邊區第(di)九路游擊(ji)師,任命(ming)阮開科為(wei)(wei)師長,派紅軍(jun)干部李(li)洪(hong)章(zhang)為(wei)(wei)政委,發給長短槍52枝(zhi)。九師以(yi)唐家河為(wei)(wei)中心,在陜鄂邊境山(shan)(shan)區打(da)土豪,分(fen)浮財,隊伍(wu)很快擴大到千余人。還配合主力軍(jun)在泗峪口打(da)垮艾光清保甲400余人,殲滅國(guo)民黨軍(jun)四(si)十(shi)四(si)師蕭之楚一(yi)(yi)個營,會合第(di)五(wu)路游擊(ji)師打(da)垮楊虎城第(di)十(shi)七路軍(jun)警備第(di)二(er)旅韓子芳團(tuan)。不(bu)久,阮開科私(si)欲萌動,家資(zi)漸(jian)豐,生(sheng)活自由散漫,不(bu)受軍(jun)紀約束(shu),經常率少數親信明取(qu)暗奪,假公濟私(si)。師政委李(li)洪(hong)章(zhang)對其進行批評,其對李(li)遂生(sheng)忿恨。后(hou)因籌(chou)措部隊給養問題(ti)發生(sheng)爭執,阮即產生(sheng)殺李(li)惡念,于二(er)十(shi)四(si)年(nian)六月(yue)九日晚(wan)派人槍殺李(li)洪(hong)章(zhang),并(bing)割其首級去縣(xian)請功,叛(pan)變革(ge)命(ming)。天坑(keng)(keng)梁兵(bing)寨多已(yi)被毀,連(lian)之前兩(liang)個火山(shan)(shan)口的(de)兩(liang)池(chi)清水(shui)都干了,從前這兩(liang)池(chi)水(shui)魚肥水(shui)美,池(chi)魚能從一(yi)(yi)個池(chi)子跳到另一(yi)(yi)個池(chi)子。
天蓬山(shan)寨(zhai)的(de)(de)南(nan)邊(bian)有后(hou)蔭寨(zhai)、店埡子等(deng)要寨(zhai),從楊地鎮沿冷安(an)(an)路(lu)(lu)向西(xi)不遠(yuan)的(de)(de)后(hou)蔭寨(zhai),站(zhan)在(zai)公路(lu)(lu)邊(bian)就(jiu)可以看見(jian)那黑色的(de)(de)寨(zhai)墻。1935年2月上旬,中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鄂陜(shan)(shan)特委(wei)、鄂陜(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)(ji)司令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)在(zai)山(shan)陽縣(xian)店埡子成立(li)(li),郭述申(shen)任(ren)特委(wei)書(shu)記兼游(you)擊(ji)(ji)司令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)政(zheng)委(wei),陳先瑞任(ren)司令(ling)(ling)(ling)。3月,郭述申(shen)調回軍(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu),由戴季英繼(ji)任(ren)特委(wei)書(shu)記兼政(zheng)委(wei);6月,戴季英調回軍(jun)(jun)部(bu)(bu),由鄭(zheng)位三(san)接任(ren)。中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鄂陜(shan)(shan)特委(wei)隸屬中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鄂豫陜(shan)(shan)省委(wei)領導(dao),下轄中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)鎮安(an)(an)縣(xian)委(wei)、中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)五星縣(xian)委(wei),主要活(huo)動在(zai)鎮安(an)(an)、山(shan)陽、柞(zuo)水(shui)、旬陽和(he)湖(hu)北的(de)(de)鄖西(xi)等(deng)縣(xian)邊(bian)界地區。鄂陜(shan)(shan)司令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)下轄鄂陜(shan)(shan)第3路(lu)(lu)、第4路(lu)(lu)、第5路(lu)(lu)、第6路(lu)(lu)、第7路(lu)(lu)、第9路(lu)(lu)共(gong)(gong)6路(lu)(lu)游(you)擊(ji)(ji)師和(he)鄂陜(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)(ji)司令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)戰斗營(ying)。1935年9月鄂陜(shan)(shan)特委(wei)與(yu)豫陜(shan)(shan)特委(wei)合并(bing)成立(li)(li)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)陜(shan)(shan)南(nan)特委(wei)(后(hou)稱鄂豫陜(shan)(shan)特委(wei))。同年鄂陜(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)(ji)司令(ling)(ling)(ling)部(bu)(bu)與(yu)豫陜(shan)(shan)游(you)擊(ji)(ji)師合并(bing),組(zu)成中(zhong)國工(gong)農紅軍(jun)(jun)第七十(shi)四師。站(zhan)在(zai)二里灣山(shan)梁(liang)舉目遠(yuan)眺,位于東(dong)龍山(shan)、老寨(zhai)、迎合寨(zhai)之中(zhong)的(de)(de)白塔寨(zhai)筆(bi)直矗立(li)(li),頗為壯(zhuang)觀(guan)。
天蓬山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西邊有(you)(you)(you)(you)鉆天寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、孫家溝寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、東(dong)西二(er)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)等,白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)為明(ming)末山陽、鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)毛家和張家兩大(da)(da)戶聯合當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)民眾為避白(bai)蓮教義軍(jun)而(er)修(xiu)建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),起初(chu)叫(jiao)新(xin)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。民國初(chu)年改(gai)成(cheng)白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。建(jian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)時(shi)規劃設計十(shi)分(fen)獨(du)特,按照座北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)位,前(qian)(qian)為南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)套二(er)層(ceng)門(men)(men)(men),后(hou)(hou)門(men)(men)(men)朝(chao)北(bei),套二(er)道門(men)(men)(men),中(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)國王人(ren)行道路,上(shang)(shang)部建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)108個防御(yu)炮眼,中(zhong)(zhong)部建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)36個哨眼,下部建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)28個大(da)(da)眼因地(di)(di)(di)形限制,白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)前(qian)(qian)寬后(hou)(hou)窄呈橢圓形。與其(qi)它寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)子不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是,寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)后(hou)(hou)腳有(you)(you)(you)(you)堅固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隔(ge)離石墻(qiang),并套有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)小間(jian)(jian),專為老弱病殘及婦女坐(zuo)月(yue)(yue)子所用(yong),前(qian)(qian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)設3聽廳間(jian)(jian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)守寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)兵勇專用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4間(jian)(jian)廳房(fang),中(zhong)(zhong)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)5間(jian)(jian)3層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)屋,后(hou)(hou)廳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)低處建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)4小間(jian)(jian)兵庫,建(jian)造規模宏大(da)(da),地(di)(di)(di)理(li)位置險要,結構(gou)新(xin)穎(ying)獨(du)特。1935年1月(yue)(yue)4日(ri),程子華、徐海東(dong)、陳先(xian)瑞率領的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅二(er)十(shi)五軍(jun)攻(gong)戰鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)縣城(cheng)后(hou)(hou),立(li)即派紅軍(jun)工作組(zu)在白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)宣(xuan)(xuan)布成(cheng)立(li)鄂豫(yu)陜革(ge)命(ming)根據(ju)地(di)(di)(di),次年2月(yue)(yue)又(you)宣(xuan)(xuan)布成(cheng)立(li)鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)蘇(su)維(wei)埃(ai)政府,派出(chu)6支紅軍(jun)工作組(zu)在二(er)里(li)灣(wan)、滑水河、柿園子、白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)灣(wan)組(zu)織發動窮(qiong)苦大(da)(da)眾,掀起轟轟烈烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);‘打土豪’、分(fen)田地(di)(di)(di)農民運動。2月(yue)(yue)14日(ri),陳先(xian)瑞司令員在滑水河召開千人(ren)大(da)(da)會(hui),莊嚴宣(xuan)(xuan)布中(zhong)(zhong)共鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)縣委、鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)縣蘇(su)維(wei)埃(ai)人(ren)民政府成(cheng)立(li),沒收地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)老財的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)420畝土地(di)(di)(di)和57間(jian)(jian)房(fang)屋分(fen)給了(le)當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)克人(ren)民,取(qu)得了(le)鎮(zhen)安(an)(an)(an)第一(yi)次土地(di)(di)(di)革(ge)命(ming)運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利,受到(dao)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)央領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)度(du)贊揚。1935年5月(yue)(yue)8日(ri),國名黨(dang)四(si)十(shi)軍(jun)龐部隊(dui)乘天旱白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)缺水之機,突然圍(wei)攻(gong)白(bai)他站蘇(su)維(wei)埃(ai)政府根據(ju)地(di)(di)(di),機智勇敢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)上(shang)(shang)310多名游擊隊(dui)員,采取(qu)快(kuai)速突圍(wei)撤(che)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作戰方(fang)案。窮(qiong)兇極惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龐部利用(yong)店呀子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制高(gao)點(dian),用(yong)大(da)(da)炮紅紙白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai),張永勝、朱啟有(you)(you)(you)(you)等6名游擊隊(dui)員犧牲(sheng)在西寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)門(men)(men)(men),游擊隊(dui)員馬(ma)德普被(bei)捉下寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)強殺(sha)于二(er)里(li)灣(wan)。其(qi)后(hou)(hou),在二(er)十(shi)五軍(jun)北(bei)上(shang)(shang)抗日(ri)后(hou)(hou),白(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)周(zhou)圍(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)游擊師隊(dui)員繼續(xu)組(zu)織擴大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)武裝力量,開展革(ge)命(ming)活動。
天蓬山寨(zhai)的(de)北面有雙環(huan)寨(zhai)、清涼寨(zhai)等(deng)。位于宋川的(de)雙環(huan)寨(zhai),兩(liang)寨(zhai)相(xiang)距僅幾百(bai)米(mi),可以及時相(xiang)互(hu)支援,是這些山寨(zhai)群中的(de)精品。
這些(xie)山寨(zhai),在很多人心中,已是世界級的文化遺產。