從天(tian)(tian)蓬山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)西門登上銀臺山頂,可望兩省(sheng)(sheng)四縣九十六處(chu)洞(dong)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。這里位(wei)于陜(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)和湖(hu)北省(sheng)(sheng)交界處(chu),也(ye)在山陽縣、鎮安縣、柞水縣、鄖西縣四縣交匯(hui)處(chu)。古時在這個山頂設有(you)(you)(you)瞭望哨,并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)青(qing)黑(hei)紅(hong)白(bai)四面大旗(qi)。如有(you)(you)(you)那(nei)個山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)或山洞(dong)燃起(qi)(qi)狼煙,天(tian)(tian)蓬山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)后面的(de)山頂也(ye)會(hui)燃起(qi)(qi)狼煙,立(li)起(qi)(qi)紅(hong)旗(qi)讓(rang)其它山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)做好防范(fan),青(qing)旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)(qi)讓(rang)周邊山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)支援,黑(hei)旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)(qi)表示(shi)危險或有(you)(you)(you)山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)被攻破,白(bai)旗(qi)立(li)起(qi)(qi)表示(shi)土匪已(yi)離去,警(jing)報解除。
眾(zhong)多山(shan)寨(zhai)雖在(zai)高高的山(shan)尖之上(shang),但每一(yi)(yi)個(ge)山(shan)寨(zhai)邊都有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)口(kou)水井,終年不枯(ku),這也是當地(di)人(ren)們(men)常引以為豪的“山(shan)有(you)(you)多高,水有(you)(you)多高”。清涼寨(zhai)就有(you)(you)景門和生門兩(liang)個(ge)門,每個(ge)門口(kou)各有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)泉(quan)眼(yan)供(gong)寨(zhai)內人(ren)飲用(yong)。寨(zhai)墻厚兩(liang)米七(qi),全部用(yong)條石砌成,高五米,按乾、坎、艮、震、巽、離、坤、兌八個(ge)方向設八個(ge)炮(pao)位。每個(ge)炮(pao)位的炮(pao)孔(kong)內大外小,可(ke)供(gong)三人(ren)靈活操作一(yi)(yi)門土炮(pao)。寨(zhai)內還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)條運(yun)兵通道,一(yi)(yi)圈共有(you)(you)二十八個(ge)瞭望孔(kong)。遇有(you)(you)戰事時,四(si)面插(cha)上(shang)彩旗,備(bei)足雷石,固(gu)若金湯(tang)。節選自《天蓬山(shan)寨(zhai)紀事》。
天蓬(peng)山(shan)寨東邊的天坑梁,下臨金錢河(he)與滑水(shui)河(he)兩(liang)河(he)交匯之(zhi)處,三(san)面險山(shan),唯天蓬(peng)山(shan)寨一方較為(wei)(wei)方便(bian)通(tong)行(xing),自(zi)古以來就是易(yi)守難攻之(zhi)地,有多處屯兵建(jian)寨遺跡(ji)。民(min)國二十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(1934)12月(yue)25日,紅(hong)二十(shi)(shi)五軍(jun)進入本縣九(jiu)甲灣,收編當地以阮(ruan)(ruan)開科為(wei)(wei)首的“紅(hong)槍會”,編為(wei)(wei)鄂陜邊區第(di)九(jiu)路游擊(ji)師,任命阮(ruan)(ruan)開科為(wei)(wei)師長,派(pai)紅(hong)軍(jun)干部李(li)(li)洪(hong)章為(wei)(wei)政委,發(fa)給長短(duan)槍52枝(zhi)。九(jiu)師以唐家(jia)河(he)為(wei)(wei)中心,在陜鄂邊境山(shan)區打土豪,分浮財(cai),隊伍很(hen)快(kuai)擴(kuo)大到千余(yu)人(ren)。還(huan)配合(he)主力軍(jun)在泗峪口(kou)打垮艾光清(qing)保甲400余(yu)人(ren),殲滅國民(min)黨(dang)軍(jun)四(si)十(shi)(shi)四(si)師蕭之(zhi)楚一個營,會合(he)第(di)五路游擊(ji)師打垮楊(yang)虎城第(di)十(shi)(shi)七路軍(jun)警備第(di)二旅韓子(zi)(zi)芳團。不久,阮(ruan)(ruan)開科私(si)欲萌動,家(jia)資漸豐,生(sheng)活自(zi)由散(san)漫,不受軍(jun)紀約束,經常率少數親(qin)信(xin)明取暗奪,假公濟(ji)私(si)。師政委李(li)(li)洪(hong)章對其(qi)進行(xing)批(pi)評,其(qi)對李(li)(li)遂生(sheng)忿恨。后因籌(chou)措部隊給養問(wen)題發(fa)生(sheng)爭(zheng)執,阮(ruan)(ruan)即產生(sheng)殺李(li)(li)惡念,于二十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)六月(yue)九(jiu)日晚派(pai)人(ren)槍殺李(li)(li)洪(hong)章,并割(ge)其(qi)首級去縣請功,叛(pan)變革命。天坑梁兵寨多已被毀,連之(zhi)前兩(liang)個火山(shan)口(kou)的兩(liang)池清(qing)水(shui)都(dou)干了,從前這兩(liang)池水(shui)魚(yu)肥水(shui)美(mei),池魚(yu)能從一個池子(zi)(zi)跳到另一個池子(zi)(zi)。
天蓬山寨的(de)(de)南邊(bian)有(you)后(hou)(hou)蔭寨、店(dian)埡子(zi)(zi)等(deng)要寨,從楊(yang)地鎮沿冷安路(lu)向西不(bu)遠的(de)(de)后(hou)(hou)蔭寨,站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)公路(lu)邊(bian)就可以(yi)看見(jian)那黑(hei)色的(de)(de)寨墻。1935年(nian)2月上旬(xun),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)特委(wei)(wei)(wei)、鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)游擊(ji)司令(ling)部(bu)在(zai)(zai)山陽(yang)縣店(dian)埡子(zi)(zi)成立,郭述(shu)申(shen)任(ren)(ren)特委(wei)(wei)(wei)書(shu)記兼游擊(ji)司令(ling)部(bu)政委(wei)(wei)(wei),陳(chen)先(xian)瑞任(ren)(ren)司令(ling)。3月,郭述(shu)申(shen)調回軍部(bu),由戴(dai)季英繼任(ren)(ren)特委(wei)(wei)(wei)書(shu)記兼政委(wei)(wei)(wei);6月,戴(dai)季英調回軍部(bu),由鄭位三接任(ren)(ren)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)特委(wei)(wei)(wei)隸屬中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)鄂(e)(e)(e)豫(yu)陜(shan)省委(wei)(wei)(wei)領(ling)導,下轄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)鎮安縣委(wei)(wei)(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)五(wu)星縣委(wei)(wei)(wei),主要活(huo)動在(zai)(zai)鎮安、山陽(yang)、柞水、旬(xun)陽(yang)和(he)湖(hu)北的(de)(de)鄖西等(deng)縣邊(bian)界地區。鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)司令(ling)部(bu)下轄鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)第(di)(di)3路(lu)、第(di)(di)4路(lu)、第(di)(di)5路(lu)、第(di)(di)6路(lu)、第(di)(di)7路(lu)、第(di)(di)9路(lu)共(gong)(gong)(gong)6路(lu)游擊(ji)師(shi)(shi)和(he)鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)游擊(ji)司令(ling)部(bu)戰斗營。1935年(nian)9月鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)特委(wei)(wei)(wei)與豫(yu)陜(shan)特委(wei)(wei)(wei)合并成立中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)陜(shan)南特委(wei)(wei)(wei)(后(hou)(hou)稱鄂(e)(e)(e)豫(yu)陜(shan)特委(wei)(wei)(wei))。同年(nian)鄂(e)(e)(e)陜(shan)游擊(ji)司令(ling)部(bu)與豫(yu)陜(shan)游擊(ji)師(shi)(shi)合并,組成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國工(gong)農(nong)紅軍第(di)(di)七十(shi)四師(shi)(shi)。站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)二里灣山梁舉目遠眺(tiao),位于(yu)東龍山、老寨、迎合寨之中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)白(bai)塔寨筆直矗立,頗為壯觀。
天(tian)蓬山寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)邊有(you)(you)(you)鉆天(tian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、孫家溝(gou)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)、東西(xi)二(er)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)等,白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)為明末(mo)山陽、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安毛家和張家兩大(da)(da)戶聯合當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)民(min)眾(zhong)為避白(bai)(bai)蓮教義軍而修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de),起(qi)初(chu)叫(jiao)新寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。民(min)國初(chu)年(nian)改成白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)時規(gui)劃設(she)計(ji)十(shi)(shi)分(fen)獨(du)特(te),按照座北(bei)朝(chao)南的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)位,前為南門(men)(men)(men)套二(er)層門(men)(men)(men),后(hou)(hou)門(men)(men)(men)朝(chao)北(bei),套二(er)道(dao)(dao)門(men)(men)(men),中間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)國王人(ren)(ren)行道(dao)(dao)路,上部(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)108個防御(yu)炮(pao)(pao)眼(yan),中部(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)36個哨眼(yan),下(xia)部(bu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)28個大(da)(da)眼(yan)因地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)限(xian)制,白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)前寬后(hou)(hou)窄呈橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)。與其(qi)它寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)子(zi)不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)是,寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)后(hou)(hou)腳有(you)(you)(you)堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隔離石墻,并套有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)小間(jian),專為老弱病殘及(ji)婦女坐月(yue)(yue)子(zi)所用(yong),前寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)設(she)3聽廳間(jian),有(you)(you)(you)守(shou)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)兵勇(yong)專用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4間(jian)廳房(fang)(fang),中寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)5間(jian)3層的(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)屋,后(hou)(hou)廳的(de)(de)(de)(de)最低處建(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)4小間(jian)兵庫,建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)規(gui)模宏(hong)大(da)(da),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)位置(zhi)險(xian)要,結構新穎獨(du)特(te)。1935年(nian)1月(yue)(yue)4日(ri),程子(zi)華、徐海東、陳(chen)先瑞(rui)率領的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)二(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)軍攻戰鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安縣城(cheng)后(hou)(hou),立即派紅(hong)(hong)軍工作(zuo)組在(zai)白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)宣(xuan)布成立鄂豫陜革(ge)(ge)命根據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),次(ci)年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)又宣(xuan)布成立鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安蘇維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)政(zheng)府,派出6支紅(hong)(hong)軍工作(zuo)組在(zai)二(er)里(li)灣(wan)、滑水(shui)河(he)、柿園子(zi)、白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)灣(wan)組織發(fa)動窮(qiong)苦大(da)(da)眾(zhong),掀起(qi)轟轟烈烈的(de)(de)(de)(de);‘打(da)土(tu)豪(hao)’、分(fen)田(tian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)農民(min)運動。2月(yue)(yue)14日(ri),陳(chen)先瑞(rui)司令員(yuan)在(zai)滑水(shui)河(he)召(zhao)開(kai)千(qian)人(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)會,莊嚴宣(xuan)布中共鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安縣委、鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安縣蘇維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府成立,沒(mei)收地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)主老財的(de)(de)(de)(de)420畝土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和57間(jian)房(fang)(fang)屋分(fen)給了當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)窮(qiong)克人(ren)(ren)民(min),取(qu)得了鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)安第一(yi)次(ci)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)革(ge)(ge)命運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)勝利,受(shou)到了中央(yang)領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)度贊揚。1935年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)8日(ri),國名黨四十(shi)(shi)軍龐部(bu)隊乘(cheng)天(tian)旱白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)缺水(shui)之(zhi)機,突然圍攻白(bai)(bai)他(ta)站蘇維(wei)(wei)埃(ai)政(zheng)府根據地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),機智勇(yong)敢的(de)(de)(de)(de)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)上310多名游(you)擊(ji)隊員(yuan),采取(qu)快速突圍撤出的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)戰方(fang)案。窮(qiong)兇極(ji)惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)龐部(bu)利用(yong)店呀子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制高(gao)(gao)點(dian),用(yong)大(da)(da)炮(pao)(pao)紅(hong)(hong)紙白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai),張永勝、朱啟有(you)(you)(you)等6名游(you)擊(ji)隊員(yuan)犧牲在(zai)西(xi)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)門(men)(men)(men),游(you)擊(ji)隊員(yuan)馬德普被捉下(xia)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)強(qiang)殺于二(er)里(li)灣(wan)。其(qi)后(hou)(hou),在(zai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)軍北(bei)上抗日(ri)后(hou)(hou),白(bai)(bai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)寨(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)游(you)擊(ji)師隊員(yuan)繼續(xu)組織擴大(da)(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)武裝力量,開(kai)展(zhan)革(ge)(ge)命活動。
天蓬山寨(zhai)的北面(mian)有雙環寨(zhai)、清涼(liang)寨(zhai)等。位于宋川的雙環寨(zhai),兩寨(zhai)相距(ju)僅幾(ji)百米,可以及時相互(hu)支(zhi)援,是這些山寨(zhai)群(qun)中的精(jing)品。
這些山寨,在很多(duo)人心中,已是世界級(ji)的(de)文化遺產。