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景觀介紹

在(zai)產出(chu)大量硅化(hua)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)同一(yi)套巖(yan)層(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)，還(huan)(huan)保存有豐富的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍化(hua)石。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)袁復(fu)禮教授(shou)1931年在(zai)將軍戈壁(bi)發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)10.26m、背(bei)高(gao)(gao)4.05m的(de)(de)(de)大型恐(kong)(kong)龍--奇臺天山龍，是中(zhong)(zhong)國人第一(yi)次在(zai)亞洲(zhou)發(fa)現恐(kong)(kong)龍化(hua)石。1983年以來，中(zhong)(zhong)外(wai)古生(sheng)物專家(jia)在(zai)公園區域內又先后挖掘出(chu)大量恐(kong)(kong)龍化(hua)石，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)括體長(chang)30.4米(mi)，高(gao)(gao)10余米(mi)，目前亞洲(zhou)最大的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍--中(zhong)(zhong)加馬門溪龍、新疆(jiang)侏羅紀典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)食肉型恐(kong)(kong)龍--長(chang)5.1米(mi)，背(bei)高(gao)(gao)1.7米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)江氏單嵴(ji)龍、以及(ji)蜥腳(jiao)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)蘇(su)氏巧龍和戈壁(bi)卡拉麥(mai)里龍，鳥臀目的(de)(de)(de)五彩灣(wan)工部龍，還(huan)(huan)有被稱為代表了獸腳(jiao)類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)龍重要演(yan)化(hua)環節(jie)的(de)(de)(de)董氏中(zhong)(zhong)國伶盜龍。與恐(kong)(kong)龍化(hua)石伴生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)(huan)有大量鱷類(lei)、龜類(lei)、蜥蜴以及(ji)兩棲—哺乳(ru)動(dong)物和小型原(yuan)始哺乳(ru)動(dong)物化(hua)石。

硅化木(mu)-恐龍國家地質公園景區(qu)(qu)內還是(shi)(shi)極(ji)其重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)荒漠(mo)物種保(bao)(bao)存地和生(sheng)態功能區(qu)(qu)，植被(bei)以(yi)白梭梭、沙拐棗、紅柳等灌木(mu)，以(yi)及(ji)豬(zhu)毛菜(cai)、堿蓬(peng)等草(cao)本植物為(wei)主，野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物以(yi)有蹄類最(zui)(zui)為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)。1982年國家在這里(li)建(jian)立了(le)“卡拉麥里(li)有蹄類野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)動物保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)”，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)對(dui)象主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)蒙古野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)（又名(ming)(ming)“普氏野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)”）、蒙古野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)驢、鵝喉羚(ling)、高鼻羚(ling)羊(yang)、盤羊(yang)、馬(ma)鹿、野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)山羊(yang)等及(ji)其生(sheng)存環(huan)境。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)面積達(da)1.8萬平方公里(li)，是(shi)(shi)我(wo)國最(zui)(zui)大的(de)(de)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一。有蹄尖動物以(yi)鵝喉羚(ling)最(zui)(zui)多，數量近萬只。19世紀被(bei)俄國探(tan)險家普爾(er)熱瓦(wa)爾(er)斯基發現并(bing)命(ming)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)普氏野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生(sheng)種群已(yi)不(bu)存在，1985年以(yi)來陸續從國外引進(jin)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)后裔，并(bing)在保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內建(jian)立了(le)全(quan)國唯一的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)繁殖中心，將(jiang)逐步(bu)使蒙古野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)馬(ma)重(zhong)返大自然。

特色

奇(qi)(qi)臺(tai)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)—恐(kong)龍國家地質公園(yuan)總面(mian)積(ji)492平方公里。形成于距今1.95-1.37億年前(qian)的(de)侏羅紀。奇(qi)(qi)臺(tai)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)園(yuan)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群是(shi)亞洲面(mian)積(ji)最(zui)大、數量(liang)最(zui)多、保存(cun)最(zui)完整(zheng)的(de)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)化(hua)(hua)石森林(lin)，遺存(cun)規模(mo)位居世界第(di)(di)(di)二位。2006年8月26日在奇(qi)(qi)臺(tai)恐(kong)龍溝(gou)出土的(de)蜥腳類食草恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)石神長35米(mi)，是(shi)亞洲第(di)(di)(di)一、世界第(di)(di)(di)二大恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)石。 主要景(jing)區(qu)有硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群、中生代恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)石、雅丹地貌、石錢灘等。

硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)：奇(qi)臺硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)距(ju)今(jin)1.5億年(nian)的侏羅系石樹溝群(qun)巖層中(zhong)，較為集中(zhong)的硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)遺(yi)跡(ji)有(you)四處，其中(zhong)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)景區面(mian)積(ji)11.65平方公(gong)里(li)，集中(zhong)分布(bu)在北東(dong)—南西向沖溝內，出露數量(liang)近千株(zhu)，是(shi)目(mu)前亞(ya)洲(zhou)遺(yi)存(cun)規模最大的硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)，僅(jin)次于(yu)美國亞(ya)利桑(sang)那州化(hua)(hua)石森林(lin)，位(wei)居世界第二，是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園(yuan)參(can)觀、游(you)覽和(he)研究價值最高(gao)的區域。目(mu)前為止，區內已鑒定出的主要屬種(zhong)有(you)原始云杉(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)屬、異木(mu)(mu)(mu)屬、南美杉(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)屬和(he)柏(bo)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)屬，還(huan)有(you)一些小型(xing)植物如(ru)錐葉(xie)蕨屬、似(si)木(mu)(mu)(mu)賊屬、披葉(xie)杉(shan)屬等，表明當(dang)時(shi)(shi)的植物十分地(di)(di)(di)繁盛，對研究準噶爾盆地(di)(di)(di)中(zhong)生代地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)歷(li)史時(shi)(shi)期古地(di)(di)(di)理(li)、古氣候演化(hua)(hua)有(you)著(zhu)非常重要的作用。

中生代(dai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi) ：1931年(nian)(nian)我國(guo)著名的(de)(de)(de)地(di)質學家袁復禮教授在(zai)將軍戈壁名為凱利(li)施的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方發(fa)現(xian)了(le)兩(liang)個(ge)大的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)骨骼化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，經(jing)(jing)楊鐘健修(xiu)復，為身長(chang)10.26米(mi)、背高4.05米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)大型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)骨架，定名為奇(qi)臺(tai)天山龍(long)(long)(long)屬蜥(xi)腳類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)，這是(shi)中國(guo)人第一(yi)次在(zai)自己國(guo)家發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。1983年(nian)(nian)，中國(guo)科學院北(bei)京古脊椎動物與古人類(lei)(lei)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)所組成新疆考(kao)察(cha)隊在(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)(gou)進行考(kao)察(cha)，發(fa)現(xian)了(le)多(duo)具(ju)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，原定名為“將軍廟(miao)龍(long)(long)(long)”，1993年(nian)(nian)經(jing)(jing)進一(yi)步研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)，鑒定為江氏單嵴龍(long)(long)(long)。最(zui)具(ju)影響的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)中加(jia)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)聯(lian)合(he)考(kao)察(cha)隊1986—1990年(nian)(nian)期間在(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)(gou)進行的(de)(de)(de)考(kao)察(cha)活(huo)動，他們發(fa)現(xian)許多(duo)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，包括2個(ge)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)骨骼，其中一(yi)具(ju)長(chang)30米(mi)，軀高10多(duo)米(mi)，重量達5萬千克(ke)，為蜥(xi)腳類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)－中加(jia)馬門溪龍(long)(long)(long)。2006年(nian)(nian)8月26日(ri)在(zai)奇(qi)臺(tai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)(gou)出土的(de)(de)(de)蜥(xi)腳類(lei)(lei)食(shi)草恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)神長(chang)35米(mi)，是(shi)亞洲第一(yi)、世(shi)界第二大恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，這具(ju)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)脖子(zi)（長(chang)度15米(mi)）被證(zheng)實是(shi)世(shi)界上(shang)脖子(zi)最(zui)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。還(huan)挖掘(jue)出一(yi)塊劍龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)肩刺和劍板(ban)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，這塊化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)是(shi)世(shi)界上(shang)同類(lei)(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)肩刺和劍板(ban)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)保(bao)存最(zui)完整(zheng)、最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)。

雅丹(dan)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)：“雅丹(dan)”，又名“雅爾(er)丹(dan)”，維吾爾(er)語(yu)原意(yi)為(wei)“陡(dou)壁(bi)的(de)(de)小丘”。現泛指干(gan)燥(zao)地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)一種風(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)，是河湖相土狀(zhuang)沉積物(wu)所(suo)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)面經(jing)過風(feng)化(hua)作用、間歇性流水沖刷和風(feng)力的(de)(de)長期吹蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)風(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)土墩和風(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凹地(di)(di)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)組合。在將軍(jun)戈(ge)壁(bi)，這種地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)主要發育(yu)在侏羅紀(ji)河湖相紅層中，色(se)彩(cai)更(geng)為(wei)鮮艷，園(yuan)區(qu)以魔鬼(gui)城雅丹(dan)景(jing)區(qu)和瀚海(hai)動物(wu)園(yuan)雅丹(dan)地(di)(di)貌(mao)(mao)較為(wei)集中，有的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)城堡(bao)，有的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蘑(mo)菇，有的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)殘丘，有的(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)，構(gou)成(cheng)似人、獅、虎、象(xiang)、牛、龜(gui)等奇特造型。

石(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)：位于將(jiang)軍廟以東(dong)，距北山(shan)煤窯以北10千米處的洼(wa)地(di)內，發現(xian)許多海相(xiang)生物化石(shi)，其中(zhong)海百(bai)合莖的化石(shi)碎(sui)片，形似一枚枚錢(qian)幣，散落地(di)表(biao)，故將(jiang)分布于東(dong)準噶爾(er)將(jiang)軍廟一帶的這一套海相(xiang)碎(sui)屑巖夾灰巖定為“石(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)建造”，后被演化為“石(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)組”，該處也因此得名“石(shi)錢(qian)灘(tan)”。

公園遺跡

新疆奇臺硅(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)—恐(kong)龍(long)國家地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位于(yu)古絲綢之路新北(bei)道上的(de)奇臺縣(xian)境內 （東(dong)經(jing)89°40′—90°37′，北(bei)緯(wei)44°25′—44°58′），西(xi)南距烏魯木(mu)(mu)齊市(shi)350km，總(zong)面積492km2，是以古生物(wu)化(hua)石(shi)類、地(di)貌類地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)為主(zhu)的(de)國家級(ji)地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。內含(han)硅(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)景(jing)區(qu)(qu)、恐(kong)龍(long)溝景(jing)區(qu)(qu)、魔鬼城雅(ya)丹景(jing)區(qu)(qu)和(he)石(shi)錢(qian)灘景(jing)區(qu)(qu)，是中(zhong)國西(xi)北(bei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)唯一以典型、稀有、珍貴的(de)硅(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)群、恐(kong)龍(long)化(hua)石(shi)為主(zhu)體的(de)國家地(di)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)。

地質發現平(ping)原區，而是湖泊邊緣，環(huan)境與氣候(hou)與現在大(da)不相同。侏羅紀早期(qi)(qi)一(yi)中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)，這里河(he)流縱橫，沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地發育(yu)，氣候(hou)溫暖潮濕(shi)，生長著(zhu)茂(mao)密的(de)(de)(de)裸(luo)子(zi)植物，如(ru)松柏類(lei)，另外還(huan)有(you)(you)蕨(jue)類(lei)，為典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)聚煤環(huan)境，沉(chen)(chen)積河(he)沼(zhao)(zhao)相和河(he)湖相的(de)(de)(de)灰(hui)色(se)砂(sha)巖、泥巖和厚(hou)度較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)水平(ping)煤層。侏羅紀晚期(qi)(qi)，氣候(hou)開始向干旱、干熱轉變(bian)并伴有(you)(you)季(ji)節性(xing)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)，沼(zhao)(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地不再(zai)發育(yu)，植物生長環(huan)境較前期(qi)(qi)差一(yi)些，沉(chen)(chen)積形成了河(he)湖相的(de)(de)(de)紫紅(hong)色(se)含(han)礫砂(sha)巖、砂(sha)巖夾灰(hui)黃(huang)色(se)砂(sha)巖的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)層，被(bei)埋藏的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)木變(bian)成硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)木而被(bei)保存(cun)下來(lai)。奇臺硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)木形成于(yu)侏羅紀紅(hong)色(se)砂(sha)泥巖中(zhong)。現在，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)埋于(yu)地下厚(hou)約(yue)10米左右，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)裸(luo)露地表，分布范圍約(yue)為10多(duo)平(ping)方公(gong)里，露于(yu)地表多(duo)達千余棵，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)直立，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)橫臥，還(huan)可見(jian)樹(shu)樁，深(shen)深(shen)插入(ru)巖層的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)根(gen)。地表到處是風化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)了的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)木碎片。從外形上來(lai)看，硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)木保持樹(shu)干的(de)(de)(de)原形，木紋及年(nian)輪清晰可辨(bian)，亦有(you)(you)著(zhu)敦(dun)實的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)木質感。但(dan)若用手一(yi)摸(mo)，卻又冷硬似(si)鐵(tie)(tie)石(shi)一(yi)般。再(zai)撿起(qi)碎塊敲一(yi)敲，叮當悅耳，猶(you)如(ru)金石(shi)聲(sheng)，可謂是“硬如(ru)鐵(tie)(tie)，聲(sheng)如(ru)磬(qing)”，令人(ren)嘖嘖稱(cheng)奇。硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)木俗稱(cheng)“石(shi)樹(shu)”，是化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)類(lei)。當樹(shu)木被(bei)沉(chen)(chen)積物掩埋后．地下水中(zhong)所含(han)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)與樹(shu)木進行(xing)分子(zi)間的(de)(de)(de)等(deng)速置換，直到木質組份被(bei)二氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)取代，從而形成完整保留(liu)樹(shu)木結構的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)木化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)。

地質景點

硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木群一日游(you)自奇(qi)臺縣(xian)沿縣(xian)城一西地—旱溝的縣(xian)道(dao)向東北(bei)行(xing)約60km，可達地質公(gong)園南部(bu)芨芨湖入(ru)口處，沿228省(sheng)道(dao)至(zhi)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木園，沿途可領略將(jiang)軍(jun)戈壁(bi)的廣袤，參觀將(jiang)軍(jun)廟遺(yi)址，了解將(jiang)軍(jun)戈壁(bi)名稱的由來(lai)。在硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木景區(qu)，游(you)亞洲最(zui)大的硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)(hua)木群：在恐(kong)龍(long)溝景區(qu)實地參觀恐(kong)龍(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石采(cai)坑(keng)了解現(xian)已絕滅的恐(kong)龍(long)在侏羅紀(ji)曾(ceng)怎樣生活在地球(qiu) 上，最(zui)后或直接回奇(qi)臺，或沿228省(sheng)道(dao)向北(bei)至(zhi)喀納斯景區(qu)。