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景觀介紹

在(zai)產出(chu)大量硅(gui)化木(mu)的(de)同一套巖層中(zhong)，還(huan)保存有豐(feng)富的(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)化石。其中(zhong)袁(yuan)復(fu)禮教授1931年(nian)在(zai)將軍戈(ge)壁發(fa)現的(de)長(chang)10.26m、背高(gao)(gao)4.05m的(de)大型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)--奇臺天山龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，是中(zhong)國人第一次(ci)在(zai)亞(ya)洲發(fa)現恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)化石。1983年(nian)以來，中(zhong)外古(gu)生(sheng)物專家在(zai)公(gong)園區域內又先后挖掘出(chu)大量恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)化石，其中(zhong)包括體長(chang)30.4米(mi)，高(gao)(gao)10余米(mi)，目前亞(ya)洲最大的(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)--中(zhong)加馬(ma)門溪(xi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、新疆侏(zhu)羅紀(ji)典(dian)型的(de)食肉型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)--長(chang)5.1米(mi)，背高(gao)(gao)1.7米(mi)的(de)江氏(shi)單(dan)嵴龍(long)(long)(long)(long)、以及(ji)蜥腳類的(de)蘇氏(shi)巧龍(long)(long)(long)(long)和(he)戈(ge)壁卡拉麥里龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，鳥臀目的(de)五彩灣工(gong)部龍(long)(long)(long)(long)，還(huan)有被稱為代表(biao)了獸腳類恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)重要演(yan)化環節的(de)董氏(shi)中(zhong)國伶盜龍(long)(long)(long)(long)。與恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)化石伴生(sheng)的(de)還(huan)有大量鱷類、龜類、蜥蜴以及(ji)兩棲—哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物和(he)小型原始哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)(dong)物化石。

硅(gui)化(hua)木(mu)-恐龍國家(jia)地質公園景區(qu)內還是(shi)極(ji)其重要的(de)(de)荒漠物種保(bao)存地和生態功(gong)能區(qu)，植(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)以(yi)白梭梭、沙拐棗、紅柳等灌木(mu)，以(yi)及豬毛菜、堿蓬等草本植(zhi)(zhi)物為主，野(ye)(ye)生動物以(yi)有(you)蹄類最為重要。1982年(nian)國家(jia)在這(zhe)里建立(li)了“卡拉麥(mai)里有(you)蹄類野(ye)(ye)生動物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)”，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)對象主要是(shi)蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)（又名“普(pu)氏(shi)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)”）、蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)驢、鵝喉羚(ling)(ling)、高鼻羚(ling)(ling)羊、盤(pan)羊、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鹿、野(ye)(ye)山羊等及其生存環境。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)面積達1.8萬平方公里，是(shi)我(wo)國最大的(de)(de)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)之一。有(you)蹄尖(jian)動物以(yi)鵝喉羚(ling)(ling)最多，數量近萬只。19世(shi)紀被(bei)俄國探(tan)險家(jia)普(pu)爾(er)熱瓦爾(er)斯基發現并(bing)命名的(de)(de)普(pu)氏(shi)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)生種群已(yi)不存在，1985年(nian)以(yi)來陸續從國外(wai)引進野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)后裔，并(bing)在保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)區(qu)內建立(li)了全國唯一的(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)繁殖中心，將逐步使(shi)蒙古(gu)野(ye)(ye)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)重返大自然。

特色

奇臺(tai)硅化木—恐龍(long)(long)(long)國家地(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園總面積492平方(fang)公(gong)里。形成于距今(jin)1.95-1.37億年(nian)前的(de)侏羅紀。奇臺(tai)硅化木園硅化木群是(shi)亞(ya)洲面積最(zui)大、數(shu)量最(zui)多、保(bao)存最(zui)完整(zheng)的(de)硅化木化石(shi)森(sen)林(lin)，遺存規模位(wei)居世界第(di)二(er)位(wei)。2006年(nian)8月26日在(zai)奇臺(tai)恐龍(long)(long)(long)溝出土的(de)蜥腳類食草恐龍(long)(long)(long)化石(shi)神長(chang)35米，是(shi)亞(ya)洲第(di)一、世界第(di)二(er)大恐龍(long)(long)(long)化石(shi)。 主要景區有硅化木群、中生代恐龍(long)(long)(long)化石(shi)、雅丹地(di)(di)貌(mao)、石(shi)錢灘等。

硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群：奇臺硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群距今1.5億年的(de)(de)侏羅系石樹溝群巖層中，較為集中的(de)(de)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)遺跡有(you)四處，其中硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園(yuan)景區(qu)面積11.65平方公里，集中分布在北(bei)東—南西向沖溝內，出露數量近千株，是(shi)目前亞(ya)洲遺存(cun)規(gui)模(mo)最大的(de)(de)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群，僅次于美(mei)國亞(ya)利桑那州化(hua)(hua)石森林(lin)，位(wei)居世界第(di)二，是(shi)地(di)質公園(yuan)參(can)觀、游覽和研究價值最高的(de)(de)區(qu)域。目前為止，區(qu)內已(yi)鑒定(ding)出的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)有(you)原始云杉(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)、異(yi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)、南美(mei)杉(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)和柏型(xing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)，還有(you)一些小型(xing)植物(wu)如錐(zhui)葉(xie)蕨屬(shu)(shu)、似(si)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)賊屬(shu)(shu)、披葉(xie)杉(shan)屬(shu)(shu)等(deng)，表(biao)明當(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)植物(wu)十分地(di)繁盛(sheng)，對研究準噶爾盆地(di)中生代地(di)質歷史(shi)時(shi)期古地(di)理、古氣候(hou)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)有(you)著非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用。

中(zhong)生代恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi) ：1931年(nian)我國著名(ming)的(de)(de)地質學家(jia)袁復禮(li)教授在(zai)(zai)將軍(jun)戈壁名(ming)為凱利施(shi)的(de)(de)地方發現了兩個(ge)大(da)的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼(ge)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，經楊鐘(zhong)健修復，為身(shen)長10.26米(mi)、背高(gao)(gao)4.05米(mi)的(de)(de)大(da)型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨架(jia)，定名(ming)為奇臺天(tian)山龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬蜥(xi)腳類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，這是中(zhong)國人(ren)第一(yi)次在(zai)(zai)自(zi)己國家(jia)發現的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。1983年(nian)，中(zhong)國科學院北京古(gu)脊椎動物與古(gu)人(ren)類(lei)研究所(suo)組成新疆考察隊在(zai)(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝進行考察，發現了多具恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，原定名(ming)為“將軍(jun)廟(miao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，1993年(nian)經進一(yi)步(bu)研究，鑒定為江氏單嵴(ji)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。最具影響的(de)(de)是中(zhong)加恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)聯合考察隊1986—1990年(nian)期間在(zai)(zai)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝進行的(de)(de)考察活動，他(ta)們發現許多化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，包括2個(ge)完整的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼(ge)，其中(zhong)一(yi)具長30米(mi)，軀(qu)高(gao)(gao)10多米(mi)，重量達5萬千克，為蜥(xi)腳類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)－中(zhong)加馬門溪龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。2006年(nian)8月26日(ri)在(zai)(zai)奇臺恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝出土的(de)(de)蜥(xi)腳類(lei)食草(cao)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)神長35米(mi)，是亞洲第一(yi)、世界(jie)第二大(da)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，這具恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)脖子（長度(du)15米(mi)）被證實是世界(jie)上(shang)脖子最長的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。還挖掘出一(yi)塊(kuai)劍(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)肩(jian)刺(ci)和劍(jian)板化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)，這塊(kuai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)是世界(jie)上(shang)同(tong)類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)肩(jian)刺(ci)和劍(jian)板化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)保存最完整、最大(da)的(de)(de)。

雅(ya)丹地貌(mao)(mao)(mao)：“雅(ya)丹”，又名(ming)“雅(ya)爾丹”，維吾爾語原意(yi)為“陡壁的(de)小(xiao)丘(qiu)”。現泛(fan)指干燥地區的(de)一種風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)地貌(mao)(mao)(mao)，是河湖相(xiang)土狀沉積(ji)物所形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)地面經過風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)化(hua)作用、間(jian)歇性流水沖刷和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)力的(de)長期吹蝕(shi)(shi)所形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)土墩(dun)和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)凹地的(de)地貌(mao)(mao)(mao)組合。在將軍戈壁，這種地貌(mao)(mao)(mao)主要發育在侏羅紀河湖相(xiang)紅層中，色彩更為鮮艷，園區以魔(mo)鬼(gui)城雅(ya)丹景區和(he)瀚海(hai)動物園雅(ya)丹地貌(mao)(mao)(mao)較為集中，有的(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)城堡(bao)，有的(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)蘑菇，有的(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)殘丘(qiu)，有的(de)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕(shi)(shi)柱，構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)似(si)人、獅(shi)、虎(hu)、象、牛、龜(gui)等奇特造型(xing)。

石錢(qian)(qian)灘：位于將(jiang)軍(jun)廟以東(dong)，距(ju)北山煤窯以北10千(qian)米處的洼地(di)內，發現(xian)許多(duo)海相生物化(hua)石，其(qi)中海百合(he)莖的化(hua)石碎(sui)片，形似一(yi)枚(mei)(mei)枚(mei)(mei)錢(qian)(qian)幣，散落地(di)表，故(gu)將(jiang)分布于東(dong)準噶爾將(jiang)軍(jun)廟一(yi)帶的這一(yi)套海相碎(sui)屑巖夾灰巖定(ding)為“石錢(qian)(qian)灘建造”，后被演化(hua)為“石錢(qian)(qian)灘組”，該處也因此得(de)名“石錢(qian)(qian)灘”。

公園遺跡

新疆奇臺(tai)硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)—恐(kong)龍國(guo)家(jia)地質(zhi)公園(yuan)位于古絲綢之路新北(bei)道上的(de)奇臺(tai)縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei) （東經89°40′—90°37′，北(bei)緯44°25′—44°58′），西(xi)南距烏魯木(mu)齊市350km，總面積492km2，是以(yi)古生物(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)類、地貌(mao)類地質(zhi)遺跡為(wei)主的(de)國(guo)家(jia)級地質(zhi)公園(yuan)。內(nei)含硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)景區(qu)、恐(kong)龍溝景區(qu)、魔鬼(gui)城(cheng)雅丹景區(qu)和石(shi)錢(qian)灘景區(qu)，是中國(guo)西(xi)北(bei)地區(qu)唯一以(yi)典(dian)型、稀(xi)有(you)、珍貴的(de)硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木(mu)群、恐(kong)龍化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)為(wei)主體(ti)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)地質(zhi)公園(yuan)。

地質發現平原區(qu)，而是湖(hu)泊(bo)邊緣，環境與氣候與現在大不(bu)(bu)相同。侏(zhu)羅(luo)紀早期(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)，這里河(he)流縱橫，沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)地(di)發(fa)育，氣候溫暖潮濕(shi)，生長著茂密的(de)(de)(de)裸子(zi)植物，如松柏類，另外(wai)還(huan)有(you)(you)蕨類，為典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)煤(mei)環境，沉(chen)(chen)積河(he)沼(zhao)相和(he)河(he)湖(hu)相的(de)(de)(de)灰(hui)色砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)、泥巖(yan)(yan)和(he)厚度較大的(de)(de)(de)水平煤(mei)層(ceng)。侏(zhu)羅(luo)紀晚期(qi)(qi)，氣候開始向干旱、干熱(re)轉變(bian)(bian)并伴有(you)(you)季節性(xing)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)，沼(zhao)澤濕(shi)地(di)不(bu)(bu)再發(fa)育，植物生長環境較前期(qi)(qi)差一(yi)(yi)些(xie)，沉(chen)(chen)積形成(cheng)了河(he)湖(hu)相的(de)(de)(de)紫紅(hong)色含礫(li)砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)、砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)夾灰(hui)黃色砂(sha)(sha)巖(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)層(ceng)，被(bei)埋(mai)藏的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)而被(bei)保(bao)存下(xia)來。奇臺硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)形成(cheng)于侏(zhu)羅(luo)紀紅(hong)色砂(sha)(sha)泥巖(yan)(yan)中(zhong)。現在，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)埋(mai)于地(di)下(xia)厚約(yue)10米左右，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)裸露地(di)表，分(fen)布范圍約(yue)為10多平方公(gong)里，露于地(di)表多達千余(yu)棵，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)直立，有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)橫臥，還(huan)可(ke)見樹(shu)樁(zhuang)，深深插入巖(yan)(yan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)根(gen)。地(di)表到處是風化(hua)(hua)了的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)碎片。從(cong)外(wai)形上來看(kan)，硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)保(bao)持樹(shu)干的(de)(de)(de)原形，木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)紋及(ji)年輪清晰可(ke)辨(bian)，亦有(you)(you)著敦實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質感(gan)。但(dan)若(ruo)用手一(yi)(yi)摸，卻又冷硬似鐵(tie)石(shi)一(yi)(yi)般。再撿起碎塊敲一(yi)(yi)敲，叮當悅耳，猶如金石(shi)聲，可(ke)謂是“硬如鐵(tie)，聲如磬”，令人嘖嘖稱奇。硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俗稱“石(shi)樹(shu)”，是化(hua)(hua)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)類。當樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)被(bei)沉(chen)(chen)積物掩埋(mai)后．地(di)下(xia)水中(zhong)所含二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)與樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進行分(fen)子(zi)間的(de)(de)(de)等速置換，直到木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)質組(zu)份被(bei)二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)硅(gui)(gui)取(qu)代，從(cong)而形成(cheng)完整保(bao)留(liu)樹(shu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)結構的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)。

地質景點

硅化木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群一日(ri)游(you)自奇臺(tai)縣沿(yan)(yan)縣城一西地(di)—旱(han)溝的縣道向(xiang)東北行約60km，可達(da)地(di)質公園南部芨芨湖(hu)入口處，沿(yan)(yan)228省(sheng)道至硅化木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)園，沿(yan)(yan)途可領略將(jiang)軍戈壁(bi)的廣袤，參觀將(jiang)軍廟(miao)遺址(zhi)，了解(jie)將(jiang)軍戈壁(bi)名(ming)稱的由來。在(zai)硅化木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)景區(qu)，游(you)亞(ya)洲最(zui)大的硅化木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)群：在(zai)恐(kong)龍(long)溝景區(qu)實地(di)參觀恐(kong)龍(long)化石采坑(keng)了解(jie)現(xian)已絕滅的恐(kong)龍(long)在(zai)侏羅(luo)紀曾怎樣生活在(zai)地(di)球 上，最(zui)后或直接回奇臺(tai)，或沿(yan)(yan)228省(sheng)道向(xiang)北至喀納斯景區(qu)。