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景觀介紹

在(zai)產出大量(liang)硅化(hua)(hua)(hua)木的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一套巖層中，還保存有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。其中袁復(fu)禮(li)教授(shou)1931年(nian)在(zai)將(jiang)軍戈(ge)壁發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長10.26m、背高4.05m的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)--奇臺天山龍(long)(long)(long)，是(shi)中國人(ren)第一次在(zai)亞(ya)(ya)洲(zhou)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。1983年(nian)以來，中外(wai)古生物專家在(zai)公園區域內(nei)又先(xian)后挖掘出大量(liang)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，其中包(bao)括體長30.4米(mi)(mi)(mi)，高10余米(mi)(mi)(mi)，目前亞(ya)(ya)洲(zhou)最大的(de)(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)--中加馬門溪(xi)龍(long)(long)(long)、新疆(jiang)侏(zhu)羅紀典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)食肉型恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)--長5.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)，背高1.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)氏單嵴龍(long)(long)(long)、以及(ji)蜥腳(jiao)類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蘇氏巧(qiao)龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)戈(ge)壁卡(ka)拉(la)麥里龍(long)(long)(long)，鳥臀目的(de)(de)(de)(de)五彩(cai)灣工(gong)部龍(long)(long)(long)，還有(you)被(bei)稱為代表了獸腳(jiao)類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)重(zhong)要演化(hua)(hua)(hua)環節的(de)(de)(de)(de)董氏中國伶盜龍(long)(long)(long)。與恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)伴生的(de)(de)(de)(de)還有(you)大量(liang)鱷類(lei)、龜類(lei)、蜥蜴以及(ji)兩棲(qi)—哺(bu)乳動物和(he)小型原始哺(bu)乳動物化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。

硅化木-恐龍(long)國家(jia)(jia)地質公園景區(qu)內還是極其重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的荒(huang)漠物種保(bao)(bao)存地和(he)生態(tai)功(gong)能區(qu)，植被以白梭梭、沙拐棗(zao)、紅柳等灌(guan)木，以及(ji)豬毛菜、堿蓬等草本植物為(wei)主，野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物以有蹄(ti)類最(zui)為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)。1982年國家(jia)(jia)在這里建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)了“卡拉麥里有蹄(ti)類野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)”，保(bao)(bao)護對象主要(yao)是蒙古(gu)(gu)野(ye)馬(ma)(ma)（又名“普氏(shi)野(ye)馬(ma)(ma)”）、蒙古(gu)(gu)野(ye)驢(lv)、鵝喉羚(ling)、高(gao)鼻羚(ling)羊、盤羊、馬(ma)(ma)鹿、野(ye)山羊等及(ji)其生存環境(jing)。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)面積達(da)1.8萬平方公里，是我國最(zui)大的自然保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)之一(yi)。有蹄(ti)尖(jian)動(dong)(dong)物以鵝喉羚(ling)最(zui)多，數量(liang)近(jin)萬只。19世紀被俄國探險家(jia)(jia)普爾熱瓦(wa)爾斯(si)基(ji)發現(xian)并命名的普氏(shi)野(ye)馬(ma)(ma)的野(ye)生種群(qun)已不存在，1985年以來陸續從(cong)國外(wai)引進野(ye)馬(ma)(ma)后裔，并在保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內建(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)了全國唯一(yi)的野(ye)馬(ma)(ma)繁殖中心(xin)，將逐步(bu)使蒙古(gu)(gu)野(ye)馬(ma)(ma)重(zhong)(zhong)返大自然。

特色

奇(qi)臺(tai)(tai)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)—恐龍(long)(long)國家地質公(gong)園總面(mian)積492平方公(gong)里。形成于距(ju)今1.95-1.37億年(nian)前(qian)的侏羅紀。奇(qi)臺(tai)(tai)硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)園硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群是亞(ya)洲(zhou)面(mian)積最(zui)(zui)大、數量最(zui)(zui)多、保存(cun)最(zui)(zui)完整的硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)森(sen)林，遺存(cun)規模位(wei)居世界(jie)第(di)二(er)位(wei)。2006年(nian)8月(yue)26日在奇(qi)臺(tai)(tai)恐龍(long)(long)溝出土的蜥腳類(lei)食草恐龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)神長35米(mi)，是亞(ya)洲(zhou)第(di)一、世界(jie)第(di)二(er)大恐龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)。 主(zhu)要景區有硅(gui)化(hua)(hua)木(mu)群、中(zhong)生代恐龍(long)(long)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)、雅丹地貌、石(shi)(shi)錢灘等。

硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)群：奇臺硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)群距今1.5億(yi)年的(de)侏(zhu)羅系石樹溝(gou)群巖層中(zhong)(zhong)，較(jiao)為(wei)集中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)遺跡(ji)有四(si)處，其中(zhong)(zhong)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)園景區(qu)面(mian)積11.65平方公(gong)里，集中(zhong)(zhong)分布在北東—南西向(xiang)沖溝(gou)內，出露數量近千(qian)株，是目(mu)前(qian)亞(ya)洲遺存(cun)規模最大(da)的(de)硅化(hua)(hua)木(mu)(mu)群，僅次于美國亞(ya)利桑(sang)那州(zhou)化(hua)(hua)石森(sen)林，位居(ju)世界第(di)二(er)，是地(di)質公(gong)園參(can)觀、游覽(lan)和研(yan)究價(jia)值最高(gao)的(de)區(qu)域。目(mu)前(qian)為(wei)止(zhi)，區(qu)內已鑒定出的(de)主要(yao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)種有原始云杉(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、異木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、南美杉(shan)型(xing)木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)和柏型(xing)木(mu)(mu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，還有一些(xie)小型(xing)植物如錐葉(xie)蕨屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、似木(mu)(mu)賊屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、披(pi)葉(xie)杉(shan)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)等，表(biao)明當(dang)時(shi)的(de)植物十分地(di)繁盛(sheng)，對研(yan)究準噶爾(er)盆地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)生代地(di)質歷史時(shi)期古(gu)地(di)理、古(gu)氣候演化(hua)(hua)有著非(fei)常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)用。

中(zhong)生(sheng)代恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)(shi) ：1931年我國(guo)著名的(de)(de)地質學(xue)家(jia)袁復(fu)禮教(jiao)授(shou)在將(jiang)軍戈壁名為(wei)(wei)(wei)凱利(li)施的(de)(de)地方發(fa)現了兩個大(da)的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼(ge)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)，經楊鐘(zhong)健修復(fu)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)身長(chang)10.26米(mi)(mi)(mi)、背高4.05米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)大(da)型恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨架，定名為(wei)(wei)(wei)奇臺天(tian)山(shan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)屬蜥腳(jiao)類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，這是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)第一次在自己國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)現的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)。1983年，中(zhong)國(guo)科學(xue)院北(bei)京古(gu)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物與古(gu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)研究所組成新(xin)疆考(kao)察(cha)隊在恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)進行(xing)考(kao)察(cha)，發(fa)現了多具(ju)(ju)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)，原定名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“將(jiang)軍廟龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)”，1993年經進一步研究，鑒定為(wei)(wei)(wei)江氏單嵴(ji)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。最具(ju)(ju)影(ying)響的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)加(jia)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)聯合考(kao)察(cha)隊1986—1990年期間在恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)進行(xing)的(de)(de)考(kao)察(cha)活動(dong)，他們發(fa)現許多化(hua)石(shi)(shi)，包括2個完整(zheng)的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨骼(ge)，其中(zhong)一具(ju)(ju)長(chang)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)，軀(qu)高10多米(mi)(mi)(mi)，重量(liang)達5萬(wan)千(qian)克，為(wei)(wei)(wei)蜥腳(jiao)類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)－中(zhong)加(jia)馬(ma)門溪(xi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。2006年8月26日在奇臺恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)溝(gou)出(chu)土的(de)(de)蜥腳(jiao)類(lei)食草恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)神長(chang)35米(mi)(mi)(mi)，是(shi)(shi)亞(ya)洲第一、世界第二大(da)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)，這具(ju)(ju)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)脖子（長(chang)度15米(mi)(mi)(mi)）被證實是(shi)(shi)世界上脖子最長(chang)的(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)。還挖(wa)掘出(chu)一塊劍(jian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)肩(jian)刺(ci)和劍(jian)板化(hua)石(shi)(shi)，這塊化(hua)石(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)世界上同類(lei)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)肩(jian)刺(ci)和劍(jian)板化(hua)石(shi)(shi)保存最完整(zheng)、最大(da)的(de)(de)。

雅丹(dan)地貌(mao)(mao)：“雅丹(dan)”，又(you)名“雅爾丹(dan)”，維吾爾語原意為(wei)“陡壁的(de)(de)(de)小丘(qiu)”。現泛指干燥地區的(de)(de)(de)一種風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕地貌(mao)(mao)，是河湖(hu)相土(tu)狀沉積物所形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)地面經過風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)化作用、間歇性流水沖刷(shua)和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)力的(de)(de)(de)長期吹蝕所形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕土(tu)墩和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕凹地的(de)(de)(de)地貌(mao)(mao)組合。在將軍戈壁，這種地貌(mao)(mao)主要發育在侏羅(luo)紀河湖(hu)相紅層(ceng)中，色彩更為(wei)鮮(xian)艷，園區以魔鬼城雅丹(dan)景區和(he)瀚海動物園雅丹(dan)地貌(mao)(mao)較(jiao)為(wei)集中，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕城堡(bao)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕蘑菇，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕殘丘(qiu)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蝕柱，構成(cheng)似人、獅、虎(hu)、象、牛、龜等(deng)奇特造型(xing)。

石(shi)錢(qian)(qian)灘(tan)：位于將軍廟(miao)以東，距北山煤窯以北10千米處的(de)(de)洼地內，發(fa)現許多海相生物化石(shi)，其中海百合莖的(de)(de)化石(shi)碎片，形似一(yi)枚(mei)枚(mei)錢(qian)(qian)幣(bi)，散落地表(biao)，故將分布(bu)于東準(zhun)噶爾將軍廟(miao)一(yi)帶的(de)(de)這一(yi)套海相碎屑巖夾灰巖定為“石(shi)錢(qian)(qian)灘(tan)建造”，后被(bei)演化為“石(shi)錢(qian)(qian)灘(tan)組”，該處也因此得名“石(shi)錢(qian)(qian)灘(tan)”。

公園遺跡

新(xin)疆奇臺(tai)硅(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)—恐(kong)龍(long)國(guo)家(jia)地(di)質(zhi)公園位于古(gu)絲綢之路新(xin)北(bei)(bei)道上(shang)的(de)奇臺(tai)縣境(jing)內 （東(dong)經89°40′—90°37′，北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)44°25′—44°58′），西南(nan)距烏魯木(mu)(mu)齊市350km，總面積492km2，是(shi)以古(gu)生物化(hua)石(shi)類(lei)、地(di)貌類(lei)地(di)質(zhi)遺跡為主的(de)國(guo)家(jia)級地(di)質(zhi)公園。內含(han)硅(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)景區、恐(kong)龍(long)溝景區、魔鬼城雅丹景區和石(shi)錢灘景區，是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)西北(bei)(bei)地(di)區唯一以典型、稀有(you)、珍(zhen)貴的(de)硅(gui)化(hua)木(mu)(mu)群、恐(kong)龍(long)化(hua)石(shi)為主體(ti)的(de)國(guo)家(jia)地(di)質(zhi)公園。

地質發現平原區(qu)，而(er)是(shi)湖泊邊緣，環境與(yu)氣(qi)候(hou)與(yu)現(xian)在大不(bu)相(xiang)同。侏羅(luo)紀早期(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，這里(li)河(he)流(liu)縱橫(heng)，沼(zhao)澤濕地發(fa)育，氣(qi)候(hou)溫暖潮濕，生長著(zhu)茂密的(de)(de)(de)(de)裸(luo)子植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)，如松柏類，另外還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)蕨類，為典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)煤環境，沉(chen)積(ji)河(he)沼(zhao)相(xiang)和(he)河(he)湖相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)灰色(se)(se)砂巖(yan)(yan)、泥巖(yan)(yan)和(he)厚度較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平煤層。侏羅(luo)紀晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)，氣(qi)候(hou)開(kai)始向干(gan)旱、干(gan)熱轉變并伴(ban)有(you)(you)(you)季節性變化(hua)，沼(zhao)澤濕地不(bu)再發(fa)育，植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)生長環境較(jiao)前(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)差一(yi)(yi)些，沉(chen)積(ji)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)河(he)湖相(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)含礫砂巖(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)夾灰黃色(se)(se)砂巖(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)層，被(bei)(bei)埋(mai)(mai)藏的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)木(mu)變成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)而(er)被(bei)(bei)保(bao)存下(xia)來(lai)。奇(qi)臺硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于侏羅(luo)紀紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)砂泥巖(yan)(yan)中(zhong)。現(xian)在，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)埋(mai)(mai)于地下(xia)厚約(yue)10米左(zuo)右，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裸(luo)露地表，分(fen)(fen)布(bu)范圍約(yue)為10多平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)，露于地表多達千(qian)余棵，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)直立，有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫(heng)臥(wo)，還(huan)可見樹(shu)樁，深(shen)深(shen)插入巖(yan)(yan)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)根。地表到處(chu)是(shi)風化(hua)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)碎片(pian)。從外形(xing)(xing)上來(lai)看，硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)保(bao)持樹(shu)干(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原形(xing)(xing)，木(mu)紋及年輪(lun)清晰可辨(bian)，亦有(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)敦實的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)木(mu)質感(gan)。但若用手一(yi)(yi)摸，卻又冷(leng)硬似鐵石一(yi)(yi)般。再撿起碎塊(kuai)敲(qiao)一(yi)(yi)敲(qiao)，叮當(dang)悅耳，猶如金石聲，可謂是(shi)“硬如鐵，聲如磬”，令(ling)人(ren)嘖嘖稱奇(qi)。硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)俗(su)稱“石樹(shu)”，是(shi)化(hua)石的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)類。當(dang)樹(shu)木(mu)被(bei)(bei)沉(chen)積(ji)物(wu)(wu)掩埋(mai)(mai)后．地下(xia)水(shui)中(zhong)所含二氧(yang)化(hua)硅(gui)(gui)與(yu)樹(shu)木(mu)進行分(fen)(fen)子間的(de)(de)(de)(de)等速置換，直到木(mu)質組份被(bei)(bei)二氧(yang)化(hua)硅(gui)(gui)取代，從而(er)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)完整保(bao)留樹(shu)木(mu)結構的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)化(hua)木(mu)化(hua)石。

地質景點

硅化(hua)木群(qun)一(yi)日游自奇(qi)臺縣沿縣城一(yi)西(xi)地—旱溝的(de)縣道(dao)(dao)向(xiang)東北(bei)行約60km，可達地質公園南部芨芨湖入口處，沿228省(sheng)(sheng)道(dao)(dao)至硅化(hua)木園，沿途可領略將軍戈壁的(de)廣(guang)袤，參觀將軍廟(miao)遺址，了解(jie)將軍戈壁名稱的(de)由來。在(zai)硅化(hua)木景(jing)區(qu)，游亞洲最(zui)大(da)的(de)硅化(hua)木群(qun)：在(zai)恐(kong)龍溝景(jing)區(qu)實地參觀恐(kong)龍化(hua)石采坑(keng)了解(jie)現已(yi)絕滅的(de)恐(kong)龍在(zai)侏羅(luo)紀曾(ceng)怎樣生活(huo)在(zai)地球(qiu) 上(shang)，最(zui)后或直(zhi)接回奇(qi)臺，或沿228省(sheng)(sheng)道(dao)(dao)向(xiang)北(bei)至喀納斯景(jing)區(qu)。