米倉山國家森林公園是川東北、陜南地區最重要的生態旅游明珠、地質博物館和生物基因庫,森林覆蓋率為97.3%,有“天然氧吧”的美譽。公園內山奇水秀(xiu)(xiu),環(huan)境(jing)優(you)美(mei),風光迷人,既有蔚為壯(zhuang)觀(guan)的峰叢石林,又有險峻(jun)無比的巖崖景觀(guan),幽深神秘的巖溶洞穴,融黃山之(zhi)美(mei)、武陵之(zhi)怪(guai)、峨眉之(zhi)秀(xiu)(xiu)、青城之(zhi)幽、劍門之(zhi)雄于一(yi)體,春賞山花,夏看山水,秋觀(guan)紅葉,冬(dong)詠霧凇,四季(ji)美(mei)景不斷,令人心曠神怡,流連忘返。秋天是(shi)(shi)公園(yuan)最美的季節,觀(guan)葉(xie)樹種(zhong)有楓類(lei)、槭類(lei)、水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)、椴樹、樺木、楊(yang)樹等,僅水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)的分(fen)布(bu)面積就約(yue)4000公頃,水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)為山(shan)毛櫸科,水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)屬(shu),全世界(jie)目分(fen)布(bu)有10-14種(zhong),亞洲7種(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)國5-6種(zhong),而米倉山(shan)分(fen)布(bu)就有4種(zhong),是(shi)(shi)地球上水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)屬(shu)植(zhi)物起源地和現代(dai)分(fen)布(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)之一(yi),更是(shi)(shi)世界(jie)上水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)分(fen)布(bu)最集中(zhong)(zhong)、面積最大的地區。落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)林面積約(yue)30000公頃。其中牟(mou)陽故城的黑熊溝、大(da)小蘭溝、珍稀植物(wu)園景色獨特,還生長著3萬畝珍稀樹種巴山水(shui)青岡(gang),棲息著黑熊、云豹等(deng)20多種珍稀動物(wu)。日(ri)出、晚霞、月華、云海、冰(bing)雪、流嵐等(deng)也是不可錯過的天(tian)象(xiang)景觀。
黑(hei)熊(xiong)溝(映(ying)水(shui)溪)位于牟(mou)陽城景區(qu)東(dong)部,長(chang)10余公(gong)里,海拔1600米,距(ju)大壩林場(chang)場(chang)部約4.5公(gong)里,北至香爐(lu)(lu)山(shan)15公(gong)里,東(dong)到(dao)諾水(shui)河風(feng)景區(qu)約 60公(gong)里。黑(hei)熊(xiong)溝發(fa)源(yuan)于有“小峨嵋”之稱的香爐(lu)(lu)山(shan),是焦家河主(zhu)要的上(shang)游(you)支(zhi)流-映(ying)水(shui)溪。溝內水(shui)量豐(feng)沛,水(shui)質優(you)良。河床整體(ti)由花崗巖(yan)構成(cheng),奇石(shi)密布。兩岸山(shan)體(ti)構造(zao)奇特(te),巖(yan)洞叢生,長(chang)十數公(gong)里。
光霧山紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)是南(nan)江的(de)(de)特色(se)。有(you)(you)五大(da)(da)特點:一(yi)(yi)是面積(ji)大(da)(da)。米倉(cang)山國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林公園景(jing)(jing)區有(you)(you)401.6平方(fang)公里的(de)(de)面積(ji),其中就有(you)(you)300多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)平方(fang)公里集中連片的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)。二(er)是色(se)彩豐。一(yi)(yi)般紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)以紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)為主(zhu)(zhu),而光霧山(米倉(cang)山國(guo)家(jia)森(sen)(sen)林公園)的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)顏(yan)色(se)呈梯次(ci)變化,以藍、綠、黃、橙、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)為主(zhu)(zhu)。三是周期長。觀(guan)賞(shang)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)時間為每年的(de)(de)10月中旬至11月底,長達一(yi)(yi)個(ge)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)月之久(jiu),第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)看(kan)(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)五彩斑(ban)斕,第二(er)個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)看(kan)(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)層(ceng)林盡染(ran),第三個(ge)階段(duan)(duan)看(kan)(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)萬葉(xie)飄丹。四(si)是種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)。光霧山紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)屬落(luo)葉(xie)闊葉(xie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)喬木,有(you)(you)水青(qing)岡類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、楓(feng)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、椴(duan)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、稠李類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、漆樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、槭樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、樺木類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、楊樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、松(song)樹(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)檫(cha)木類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)20余類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),還有(you)(you)薔薇科類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和(he)四(si)照花類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等(deng)植物,共有(you)(you)40多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)形(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)手掌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)三角(jiao)楓(feng)、八角(jiao)楓(feng)),雞爪形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)雞爪槭)、五星形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)五角(jiao)楓(feng))、羽毛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)鹽膚木等(deng))、心臟形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)青(qing)榨槭)、船形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)稠李類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、卵形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)水青(qing)岡類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、豆瓣形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)栓(shuan)翅衛矛類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、橢圓形(xing)(四(si)照花類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、針形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)落(luo)葉(xie)松(song))、扇形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)銀杏)、鴨(ya)掌形(xing)(如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)檫(cha)木類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))等(deng)20多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種形(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)顏(yan)色(se)有(you)(you)火(huo)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、血紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、酒紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、褚(chu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、鐵(tie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、玫瑰紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、淡紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、金紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)等(deng)10多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種顏(yan)色(se)。五是品位高。先后曾有(you)(you)英國(guo)、德國(guo)、法國(guo)、加拿大(da)(da)和(he)美國(guo)的(de)(de)植物專家(jia)考察(cha)后,把光霧山景(jing)(jing)區稱為“金區”,把光霧山紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)稱為“金葉(xie)”。
大小(xiao)蘭(lan)(lan)溝自(zi)然保護區,位于米(mi)倉(cang)山國家森(sen)林(lin)公園之中。1999年1月(yue),經四川省人民政府批準為(wei)省級自(zi)然保護區。總面積(ji)6932公頃(qing)(其(qi)中核心區面積(ji)1571公頃(qing)),占(zhan)米(mi)倉(cang)山國家森(sen)林(lin)公園總面積(ji)的17.3%。活立(li)(li)木(mu)總蓄(xu)積(ji)為(wei)52.84萬立(li)(li)方米(mi)。屬于暖溫(wen)帶森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)態型自(zi)然保護區。大小(xiao)蘭(lan)(lan)溝的落葉闊葉混交林(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被、生(sheng)(sheng)物群落結構、自(zi)然景觀和生(sheng)(sheng)態環境均(jun)保存完(wan)好(hao)。特別是野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo)(duo),有野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)2000余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)物生(sheng)(sheng)態多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性和遺(yi)傳品系多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性非(fei)常明顯,被譽為(wei)“森(sen)林(lin)百寶(bao)箱”、“生(sheng)(sheng)物萬花筒(tong)”和“珍稀物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質基(ji)因庫”。
牟陽城景區位于森林公園東部,地處米倉山南麓的腹心地帶,屬于大壩林場。景區林(lin)海茫茫,賞萬頃紅(hong)葉,觀珍稀植物(wu);空中飛渡(du)連理峰,水上漂流焦家河(he),大觀川北(bei)峨嵋香爐山(shan);訪紅(hong)軍(jun)故里,游米倉古道(dao),尋三國文化。
香(xiang)爐山(shan)(shan)為(wei)牟(mou)陽故(gu)城景區的最高峰,海(hai)拔2330米(mi),系(xi)川陜兩省的界(jie)山(shan)(shan)之一(yi)(yi),距南江縣大壩(ba)林場(chang)場(chang)部約19公(gong)里。四道(dao)龍脊山(shan)(shan)嶺由主峰向四周延伸,山(shan)(shan)峰險(xian)峻突兀,高聳層疊(die),眾(zhong)山(shan)(shan)環抱,渾然一(yi)(yi)體,山(shan)(shan)峰之間時有云霧(wu)繚繞(rao),云霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)嵐冉冉升騰,遠望酷似(si)一(yi)(yi)座巨型香(xiang)爐,故(gu)名香(xiang)爐山(shan)(shan)。
1、南(nan)從西漢(han)高(gao)速到漢(han)中(zhong),南(nan)從重慶、成都(dou)經巴中(zhong),再(zai)轉(zhuan)101省道可到達。
2、北從(cong)西漢高速到漢中,南從(cong)重慶、成都經巴中,再(zai)轉101省道可(ke)到達。
米倉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)林公園位(wei)于四川(chuan)盆地(di)東(dong)北(bei)邊緣(yuan)的南(nan)江縣(xian)北(bei)部,地(di)處(chu)秦(qin)巴山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(秦(qin)嶺-大巴山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))的米倉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓。東(dong)、北(bei)與(yu)陜西省南(nan)鄭縣(xian)相(xiang)鄰(lin),南(nan)抵南(nan)江縣(xian)沙壩(ba)鄉(xiang)、關壩(ba)鄉(xiang)、寨坡鄉(xiang)和楊壩(ba)鎮,西靠廣元(yuan)市(shi)旺蒼縣(xian),同光霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家風景(jing)名勝(sheng)區(qu)(qu)相(xiang)鄰(lin)。北(bei)距漢(han)中市(shi)約70公里(經(jing)(jing)鐵爐壩(ba)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)門),南(nan)距巴中市(shi)約136公里(經(jing)(jing)陳家山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)),西距廣元(yuan)市(shi)約216公里(經(jing)(jing)陳家山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))。地(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經(jing)(jing)106o38’50”~107o05’56”,北(bei)緯32o31’12”~32o44’29”。
米倉山地處中國大陸南(nan)北地理和(he)氣候(hou)以及(ji)生態的過渡帶,受東(dong)南(nan)季風(feng)和(he)西南(nan)季風(feng)的雙(shuang)重影響,氣候(hou)溫(wen)和(he)濕潤,四季分明,屬亞熱帶大陸性(xing)季風(feng)氣候(hou)區域,年降水量多達1200毫(hao)米以上,年平均氣溫(wen)約(yue)15°C左右(you)。
米倉山(shan)(shan)多(duo)數(shu)山(shan)(shan)體(ti)為圓錐狀的石灰巖(yan)和白(bai)云巖(yan)峰(feng)叢地(di)貌(mao)景(jing)觀,峰(feng)叢多(duo)發(fa)育(yu)在山(shan)(shan)脈之上,而貴州、廣西的峰(feng)叢則(ze)主要生長在盆地(di)之中。構(gou)成(cheng)米倉山(shan)(shan)巖(yan)層主體(ti)的是(shi)花(hua)崗巖(yan)、變質砂巖(yan)、石灰巖(yan)和白(bai)云巖(yan)。米倉山(shan)(shan)主峰(feng)光(guang)霧(wu)山(shan)(shan)海拔2507米,峰(feng)體(ti)渾圓,是(shi)花(hua)崗巖(yan)球狀風(feng)化(hua)、寒凍風(feng)化(hua)結(jie)果造成(cheng)。
米(mi)倉山(shan)自然保(bao)(bao)護區有(you)種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)134科(ke)(ke)(ke)554屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1300種(zhong),其中蕨(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)25科(ke)(ke)(ke)46屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)124種(zhong);裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)(ke)(ke)11屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)17種(zhong);被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)129科(ke)(ke)(ke)543屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1200余種(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)55.24%,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)占全(quan)國(guo)(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)29.86%,中國(guo)(guo)特有(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和東(dong)亞特有(you)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)97個,占總叔叔屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)數19.28%。國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保(bao)(bao)護野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紅豆(dou)杉、南方紅豆(dou)杉2種(zhong),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保(bao)(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)水青(qing)書(shu)、連香樹、巴山(shan)榧(fei)、香果樹等10種(zhong)。還(huan)蘊藏有(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)中藥(yao)(yao)材資源(yuan),可直(zhi)接利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主要有(you)黨(dang)參、泡(pao)參、天麻、桔(jie)梗、柴胡、半夏、杜仲、黃(huang)柏(bo)、五味(wei)子、南五味(wei)子、淫羊藿等多(duo)種(zhong)。
米倉山(shan)國(guo)(guo)家森林(lin)(lin)公園內獨特(te)的(de)(de)地形地貌和優越的(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)境條件,大(da)面積保存完好(hao)的(de)(de)原始森林(lin)(lin),為野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物提供了良好(hao)的(de)(de)棲息環境。據統計,保護區內有魚類(lei)(lei)1目(mu)(mu)2科7屬(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong),其中有中國(guo)(guo)魚類(lei)(lei)新種(zhong)(zhong)——巴山(shan)高(gao)原鰍。兩棲類(lei)(lei)2目(mu)(mu)5科7屬(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)、爬(pa)行類(lei)(lei)3目(mu)(mu)5科15屬(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類(lei)(lei)13目(mu)(mu)37科81屬(shu)125種(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)、哺乳類(lei)(lei)7目(mu)(mu)23科47屬(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong),屬(shu)于國(guo)(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保護的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物有豹、云(yun)豹、林(lin)(lin)麝、羚(ling)羊、金雕等五(wu)種(zhong)(zhong);屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保護的(de)(de)野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物有獼猴、黑熊、紅腹角雉、斑(ban)羚(ling)、大(da)鯢等24種(zhong)(zhong)。