米倉山國家森林公園是川東北、陜南地區最重要的生態旅游明珠、地質博物館和生物基因庫,森林覆蓋率為97.3%,有“天然氧吧”的美譽。公園內山(shan)(shan)奇水(shui)秀,環境優美(mei),風(feng)光(guang)迷人(ren),既有蔚為壯觀的(de)(de)峰叢石林,又有險峻(jun)無比的(de)(de)巖崖(ya)景(jing)觀,幽深神(shen)秘的(de)(de)巖溶洞穴,融黃山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)美(mei)、武陵(ling)之(zhi)怪、峨眉之(zhi)秀、青城之(zhi)幽、劍門之(zhi)雄(xiong)于(yu)一體,春賞山(shan)(shan)花,夏看山(shan)(shan)水(shui),秋觀紅葉,冬詠(yong)霧凇,四季美(mei)景(jing)不斷,令人(ren)心曠神(shen)怡(yi),流(liu)連忘(wang)返。秋(qiu)天是公(gong)園最美的(de)季節(jie),觀葉樹種(zhong)有楓(feng)類、槭類、水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)、椴樹、樺木、楊(yang)樹等,僅(jin)水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)的(de)分布(bu)面積就約(yue)4000公(gong)頃,水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)為(wei)山(shan)毛(mao)櫸科,水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)屬,全世界(jie)(jie)目分布(bu)有10-14種(zhong),亞洲7種(zhong),中(zhong)國5-6種(zhong),而(er)米倉山(shan)分布(bu)就有4種(zhong),是地(di)(di)球上水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)屬植(zhi)物起源地(di)(di)和現(xian)代分布(bu)中(zhong)心之(zhi)一,更是世界(jie)(jie)上水青岡(gang)(gang)(gang)分布(bu)最集中(zhong)、面積最大的(de)地(di)(di)區。落葉闊葉林面積約(yue)30000公(gong)頃。其中牟陽故(gu)城的黑熊溝、大小蘭(lan)溝、珍(zhen)稀植物園景色獨特,還生(sheng)長著(zhu)3萬畝(mu)珍(zhen)稀樹種巴山水青岡,棲息著(zhu)黑熊、云豹等20多種珍(zhen)稀動(dong)物。日出、晚霞、月(yue)華(hua)、云海(hai)、冰雪、流嵐(lan)等也是不可錯過的天象景觀。
黑熊溝(映(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溪(xi))位于牟陽城(cheng)景區東(dong)部,長10余公里(li),海拔1600米,距大(da)壩林(lin)場場部約4.5公里(li),北至香爐山(shan)15公里(li),東(dong)到諾(nuo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)風(feng)景區約 60公里(li)。黑熊溝發源于有(you)“小峨嵋”之稱的香爐山(shan),是焦家河(he)主要的上游支流-映(ying)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溪(xi)。溝內水(shui)(shui)(shui)量豐沛,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質優良。河(he)床整體由花(hua)崗(gang)巖構(gou)成,奇石密布。兩(liang)岸山(shan)體構(gou)造奇特,巖洞叢(cong)生,長十數公里(li)。
光霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)南江的(de)(de)特(te)色。有五大特(te)點:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)面(mian)積大。米倉山(shan)(shan)國家森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)景區(qu)有401.6平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)面(mian)積,其中就有300多平方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)集(ji)中連片(pian)的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)景觀(guan)。二(er)是(shi)色彩(cai)(cai)豐。一(yi)(yi)般紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),而(er)光霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(米倉山(shan)(shan)國家森(sen)林公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan))的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏(yan)色呈梯(ti)次變(bian)化,以(yi)藍、綠、黃(huang)、橙、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。三(san)是(shi)周期長。觀(guan)賞紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)每年的(de)(de)10月(yue)中旬至11月(yue)底,長達一(yi)(yi)個(ge)多月(yue)之久(jiu),第一(yi)(yi)個(ge)階段(duan)看(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)五彩(cai)(cai)斑斕,第二(er)個(ge)階段(duan)看(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)層(ceng)林盡(jin)染(ran),第三(san)個(ge)階段(duan)看(kan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)萬(wan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)飄(piao)丹(dan)。四(si)是(shi)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多。光霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)屬(shu)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)喬木(mu),有水青(qing)岡(gang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、楓(feng)(feng)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、椴樹(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、稠(chou)李類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、漆樹(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、槭(qi)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、樺(hua)木(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、楊樹(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、松(song)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和檫(cha)(cha)木(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等20余類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),還有薔(qiang)薇科類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和四(si)照花(hua)(hua)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等植物,共(gong)有40多種(zhong)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)有手(shou)掌狀(zhuang)(如(ru)三(san)角楓(feng)(feng)、八角楓(feng)(feng)),雞爪形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)雞爪槭(qi))、五星形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)五角楓(feng)(feng))、羽毛狀(zhuang)(如(ru)鹽(yan)膚木(mu)等)、心臟形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)青(qing)榨槭(qi))、船形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)稠(chou)李類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、卵形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)水青(qing)岡(gang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、豆瓣形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)栓翅衛矛類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、橢圓形(xing)(xing)(四(si)照花(hua)(hua)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、針形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)松(song))、扇(shan)形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)銀杏)、鴨掌形(xing)(xing)(如(ru)檫(cha)(cha)木(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))等20多種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏(yan)色有火紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、血紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、酒紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、褚紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、鐵紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、玫瑰紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、淡紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、金(jin)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)等10多種(zhong)顏(yan)色。五是(shi)品(pin)位高(gao)。先后曾有英國、德國、法國、加(jia)拿大和美國的(de)(de)植物專家考察后,把光霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)景區(qu)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“金(jin)區(qu)”,把光霧(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“金(jin)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)”。
大小(xiao)蘭溝自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區,位于米(mi)倉山(shan)國家森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)之中(zhong)。1999年1月,經四川省人民政(zheng)府批準(zhun)為省級自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)6932公(gong)(gong)頃(其中(zhong)核心區面(mian)積(ji)1571公(gong)(gong)頃),占米(mi)倉山(shan)國家森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)17.3%。活立木總(zong)(zong)蓄積(ji)為52.84萬(wan)立方米(mi)。屬(shu)于暖溫帶森(sen)林(lin)(lin)生(sheng)態型自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區。大小(xiao)蘭溝的(de)(de)落葉(xie)闊葉(xie)混交林(lin)(lin)植(zhi)(zhi)被、生(sheng)物群落結構、自(zi)然景觀和(he)生(sheng)態環境均保(bao)(bao)存完好。特別是野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo)(duo),有野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植(zhi)(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)2000余種(zhong)(zhong),生(sheng)物生(sheng)態多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)和(he)遺傳品系多(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)非常明(ming)顯,被譽(yu)為“森(sen)林(lin)(lin)百寶箱”、“生(sheng)物萬(wan)花筒(tong)”和(he)“珍稀(xi)物種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)基因庫”。
牟陽城景區位于森林公園東部,地處米倉山南麓的腹心地帶,屬于大壩林場。景區林海茫茫,賞萬頃紅(hong)葉,觀(guan)珍稀植物;空中飛渡連理峰,水上(shang)漂流焦家河,大觀(guan)川北峨嵋(mei)香爐山;訪紅(hong)軍(jun)故里(li),游(you)米(mi)倉古(gu)道,尋(xun)三國文化。
香(xiang)爐山(shan)(shan)(shan)為牟陽故城(cheng)景區的(de)最(zui)高峰(feng),海拔2330米,系川陜(shan)兩省的(de)界山(shan)(shan)(shan)之一,距南江縣大壩(ba)林(lin)場場部約(yue)19公(gong)里。四道(dao)龍脊山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺由主(zhu)峰(feng)向四周延(yan)伸,山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)險峻突兀,高聳層疊,眾山(shan)(shan)(shan)環(huan)抱,渾然(ran)一體,山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)之間時(shi)有(you)云(yun)霧繚繞,云(yun)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)嵐冉(ran)冉(ran)升騰,遠望酷(ku)似一座巨型香(xiang)爐,故名香(xiang)爐山(shan)(shan)(shan)。
1、南從西(xi)漢(han)高速到漢(han)中(zhong),南從重慶、成都經巴中(zhong),再轉101省(sheng)道(dao)可到達。
2、北從西漢高速(su)到漢中(zhong),南從重(zhong)慶、成都經巴(ba)中(zhong),再轉101省道(dao)可到達。
米倉山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)森林公(gong)園位于四川盆地(di)(di)東北(bei)邊緣的南(nan)江縣北(bei)部,地(di)(di)處(chu)秦(qin)巴山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(秦(qin)嶺-大巴山(shan)(shan)(shan))的米倉山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓。東、北(bei)與陜西(xi)(xi)省南(nan)鄭縣相鄰,南(nan)抵南(nan)江縣沙(sha)壩鄉、關(guan)壩鄉、寨坡鄉和楊(yang)壩鎮,西(xi)(xi)靠廣元市旺蒼(cang)縣,同(tong)光霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家(jia)風景名勝區相鄰。北(bei)距漢中(zhong)(zhong)市約70公(gong)里(li)(經(jing)鐵爐(lu)壩山(shan)(shan)(shan)門),南(nan)距巴中(zhong)(zhong)市約136公(gong)里(li)(經(jing)陳(chen)家(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)),西(xi)(xi)距廣元市約216公(gong)里(li)(經(jing)陳(chen)家(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan))。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為(wei)東經(jing)106o38’50”~107o05’56”,北(bei)緯(wei)32o31’12”~32o44’29”。
米(mi)(mi)倉山(shan)地處中國大陸(lu)南北地理和(he)(he)氣候以及生態的過渡帶,受東(dong)南季(ji)風和(he)(he)西南季(ji)風的雙重影響,氣候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)濕潤,四季(ji)分(fen)明,屬亞熱帶大陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣候區域,年降(jiang)水(shui)量多(duo)達(da)1200毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)以上(shang),年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)約15°C左(zuo)右。
米(mi)倉山(shan)多數山(shan)體為圓錐狀的(de)石灰巖(yan)和白(bai)云巖(yan)峰叢地貌景觀,峰叢多發育在山(shan)脈之上,而(er)貴州、廣西的(de)峰叢則主要生(sheng)長在盆地之中。構成(cheng)米(mi)倉山(shan)巖(yan)層(ceng)主體的(de)是花(hua)崗巖(yan)、變質砂巖(yan)、石灰巖(yan)和白(bai)云巖(yan)。米(mi)倉山(shan)主峰光霧山(shan)海(hai)拔2507米(mi),峰體渾圓,是花(hua)崗巖(yan)球狀風(feng)化、寒凍風(feng)化結果造成(cheng)。
米倉山自然(ran)保護區有種(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)134科554屬(shu)1300種(zhong)(zhong),其中蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)25科46屬(shu)124種(zhong)(zhong);裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)5科11屬(shu)17種(zhong)(zhong);被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)129科543屬(shu)1200余種(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)科占(zhan)全國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)科的(de)55.24%,屬(shu)占(zhan)全國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)屬(shu)的(de)29.86%,中國(guo)特(te)(te)有屬(shu)和東(dong)亞特(te)(te)有屬(shu)97個,占(zhan)總(zong)叔叔屬(shu)數19.28%。國(guo)家Ⅰ級重點保護野(ye)(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)紅豆杉(shan)、南方紅豆杉(shan)2種(zhong)(zhong),屬(shu)國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點保護的(de)野(ye)(ye)生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有水青書、連香(xiang)樹、巴山榧、香(xiang)果樹等10種(zhong)(zhong)。還蘊藏有豐(feng)富的(de)中藥(yao)(yao)材資源,可直接利用的(de)藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)主要有黨參、泡參、天(tian)麻、桔(jie)梗、柴胡、半夏、杜仲、黃柏、五(wu)味子、南五(wu)味子、淫羊藿等多種(zhong)(zhong)。
米倉山(shan)國(guo)家森(sen)(sen)林(lin)公園內(nei)獨特(te)的(de)地(di)形地(di)貌和優越的(de)自然生境(jing)條件(jian),大(da)面積保(bao)存完好(hao)的(de)原始森(sen)(sen)林(lin),為野生動物(wu)提供了良(liang)好(hao)的(de)棲息環境(jing)。據統計,保(bao)護區內(nei)有(you)魚類1目(mu)2科(ke)7屬(shu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)有(you)中(zhong)國(guo)魚類新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)——巴山(shan)高原鰍。兩棲類2目(mu)5科(ke)7屬(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、爬行類3目(mu)5科(ke)15屬(shu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鳥類13目(mu)37科(ke)81屬(shu)125種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占、哺(bu)乳類7目(mu)23科(ke)47屬(shu)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),屬(shu)于國(guo)家Ⅰ級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護的(de)野生動物(wu)有(you)豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林(lin)麝、羚羊、金雕等(deng)五(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);屬(shu)國(guo)家Ⅱ級重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)保(bao)護的(de)野生動物(wu)有(you)獼猴、黑熊(xiong)、紅(hong)腹(fu)角(jiao)雉、斑羚、大(da)鯢等(deng)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。