米倉山國家森林公園是川東北、陜南地區最重要的生態旅游明珠、地質博物館和生物基因庫,森林覆蓋率為97.3%,有“天然氧吧”的美譽。公園內山奇(qi)水秀,環境優美,風光迷(mi)人(ren),既(ji)有蔚為壯觀的峰叢石林,又有險(xian)峻無比(bi)的巖崖(ya)景觀,幽深神(shen)秘的巖溶(rong)洞穴,融黃山之(zhi)美、武陵之(zhi)怪、峨眉之(zhi)秀、青城之(zhi)幽、劍門之(zhi)雄于一(yi)體,春賞(shang)山花,夏看山水,秋觀紅葉,冬詠(yong)霧凇,四季美景不斷(duan),令人(ren)心曠神(shen)怡,流連忘返。秋天(tian)是(shi)公園最美的(de)(de)季(ji)節,觀葉樹種有楓類、槭類、水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)、椴樹、樺(hua)木、楊(yang)樹等,僅水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)的(de)(de)分布(bu)面(mian)積就約4000公頃,水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)為山(shan)毛(mao)櫸科,水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)屬,全(quan)世(shi)界(jie)目分布(bu)有10-14種,亞洲7種,中國5-6種,而米(mi)倉(cang)山(shan)分布(bu)就有4種,是(shi)地球上水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)屬植物(wu)起源地和現代分布(bu)中心之一,更是(shi)世(shi)界(jie)上水(shui)青(qing)(qing)岡(gang)分布(bu)最集中、面(mian)積最大的(de)(de)地區。落葉闊葉林面(mian)積約30000公頃。其中牟陽故城的(de)黑熊(xiong)溝、大小蘭溝、珍(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)植(zhi)物(wu)園(yuan)景色獨特(te),還生長著3萬畝(mu)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)樹(shu)種(zhong)巴山水青岡,棲息著黑熊(xiong)、云豹等(deng)20多(duo)種(zhong)珍(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)動物(wu)。日出、晚霞(xia)、月華(hua)、云海、冰雪、流嵐等(deng)也是不(bu)可錯過的(de)天象景觀。
黑熊溝(映水(shui)溪(xi))位(wei)于(yu)(yu)牟陽城景(jing)(jing)區東(dong)部(bu),長(chang)10余公(gong)里,海拔1600米,距大壩(ba)林(lin)場(chang)場(chang)部(bu)約4.5公(gong)里,北至(zhi)香(xiang)爐山(shan)15公(gong)里,東(dong)到(dao)諾水(shui)河風景(jing)(jing)區約 60公(gong)里。黑熊溝發源于(yu)(yu)有“小峨嵋”之稱的香(xiang)爐山(shan),是焦家河主要(yao)的上游(you)支流-映水(shui)溪(xi)。溝內水(shui)量豐(feng)沛,水(shui)質優良(liang)。河床整體由花崗巖構成(cheng),奇石密布。兩岸山(shan)體構造奇特,巖洞叢生,長(chang)十(shi)數公(gong)里。
光(guang)(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)南江的特色。有(you)(you)五(wu)大特點:一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)面(mian)積(ji)大。米倉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家森(sen)(sen)林公(gong)(gong)(gong)園景區(qu)有(you)(you)401.6平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里的面(mian)積(ji),其中(zhong)就有(you)(you)300多(duo)平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)里集中(zhong)連(lian)片的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)景觀。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)色彩豐。一(yi)(yi)般紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)以(yi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色為(wei)主,而光(guang)(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(米倉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家森(sen)(sen)林公(gong)(gong)(gong)園)的紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏色呈梯次變(bian)化(hua),以(yi)藍、綠、黃、橙、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)為(wei)主。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)周期長。觀賞紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)時間為(wei)每(mei)年(nian)的10月中(zhong)旬(xun)至11月底(di),長達一(yi)(yi)個多(duo)月之久,第(di)一(yi)(yi)個階(jie)段看紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)五(wu)彩斑斕(lan),第(di)二個階(jie)段看紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)層(ceng)林盡染,第(di)三個階(jie)段看紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)萬葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)飄丹。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多(duo)。光(guang)(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)屬(shu)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)喬(qiao)木(mu),有(you)(you)水青(qing)岡(gang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、楓樹(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、椴(duan)樹(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、稠李(li)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、漆(qi)樹(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、槭(qi)樹(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、樺木(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、楊(yang)樹(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)、松樹(shu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和檫木(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等20余類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),還有(you)(you)薔薇科類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和四照(zhao)花類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)等植物,共有(you)(you)40多(duo)種(zhong)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀有(you)(you)手掌狀(如(ru)(ru)三角楓、八角楓),雞爪(zhua)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)雞爪(zhua)槭(qi))、五(wu)星形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)五(wu)角楓)、羽毛(mao)狀(如(ru)(ru)鹽膚木(mu)等)、心臟(zang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)青(qing)榨(zha)槭(qi))、船形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)稠李(li)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)水青(qing)岡(gang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、豆瓣(ban)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)栓翅衛矛(mao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(四照(zhao)花類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))、針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)松)、扇形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)銀杏)、鴨掌形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(如(ru)(ru)檫木(mu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei))等20多(duo)種(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)顏色有(you)(you)火(huo)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、血紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、酒(jiu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、褚紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、鐵紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、玫(mei)瑰紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、淡紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、紫(zi)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)、金(jin)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)等10多(duo)種(zhong)顏色。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)品位高。先(xian)后曾(ceng)有(you)(you)英國(guo)(guo)、德國(guo)(guo)、法國(guo)(guo)、加拿大和美國(guo)(guo)的植物專家考察(cha)后,把(ba)光(guang)(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景區(qu)稱為(wei)“金(jin)區(qu)”,把(ba)光(guang)(guang)霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)稱為(wei)“金(jin)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)”。
大(da)小(xiao)蘭溝(gou)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu),位于(yu)米倉(cang)(cang)山國家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)公園之中。1999年1月,經四川省人民政府批準為(wei)省級自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)。總(zong)面積(ji)6932公頃(其(qi)中核心區(qu)面積(ji)1571公頃),占(zhan)米倉(cang)(cang)山國家(jia)森(sen)林(lin)公園總(zong)面積(ji)的17.3%。活立木(mu)總(zong)蓄(xu)積(ji)為(wei)52.84萬立方米。屬于(yu)暖(nuan)溫帶森(sen)林(lin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)型自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區(qu)。大(da)小(xiao)蘭溝(gou)的落(luo)葉闊葉混交林(lin)植被(bei)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)群落(luo)結構、自(zi)然(ran)(ran)景觀和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)均(jun)保存完好。特別是野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo),有野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類(lei)2000余(yu)種(zhong),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)多(duo)樣性和遺(yi)傳(chuan)品系多(duo)樣性非(fei)常明顯(xian),被(bei)譽為(wei)“森(sen)林(lin)百寶箱”、“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)萬花筒”和“珍稀物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)種(zhong)質基因庫”。
牟陽城景區位于森林公園東部,地處米倉山南麓的腹心地帶,屬于大壩林場。景區林海茫(mang)茫(mang),賞萬頃紅葉,觀(guan)珍稀植物;空中飛渡連理(li)峰,水(shui)上(shang)漂(piao)流(liu)焦家河,大觀(guan)川北(bei)峨嵋(mei)香(xiang)爐山;訪紅軍故里(li),游(you)米(mi)倉古道,尋三國(guo)文化。
香(xiang)爐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為牟(mou)陽故城景區的最高峰,海拔2330米,系川陜兩(liang)省的界山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)一(yi),距南江縣大壩林場(chang)場(chang)部約19公里。四道龍脊(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺由主峰向四周延伸,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰險峻突兀(wu),高聳層疊,眾山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)環抱,渾然(ran)一(yi)體,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰之(zhi)間時有云霧繚繞,云霧山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嵐冉冉升(sheng)騰,遠望酷(ku)似一(yi)座巨型香(xiang)爐,故名香(xiang)爐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。
1、南從西(xi)漢(han)(han)高速到(dao)漢(han)(han)中,南從重慶(qing)、成都經巴中,再(zai)轉101省道可到(dao)達。
2、北從(cong)西(xi)漢(han)高速到(dao)(dao)漢(han)中,南從(cong)重(zhong)慶、成都經(jing)巴中,再(zai)轉101省道可(ke)到(dao)(dao)達。
米倉山(shan)國家(jia)森林公園位(wei)于四(si)川盆地東(dong)北(bei)(bei)邊緣的南(nan)(nan)江(jiang)縣(xian)北(bei)(bei)部,地處秦巴(ba)山(shan)區(qu)(秦嶺-大巴(ba)山(shan))的米倉山(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓。東(dong)、北(bei)(bei)與陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)省南(nan)(nan)鄭(zheng)縣(xian)相鄰(lin),南(nan)(nan)抵南(nan)(nan)江(jiang)縣(xian)沙(sha)壩(ba)鄉(xiang)、關壩(ba)鄉(xiang)、寨坡鄉(xiang)和楊壩(ba)鎮,西(xi)(xi)靠廣元(yuan)市旺(wang)蒼(cang)縣(xian),同光霧山(shan)國家(jia)風(feng)景名勝區(qu)相鄰(lin)。北(bei)(bei)距(ju)漢中市約(yue)70公里(li)(經鐵爐(lu)壩(ba)山(shan)門),南(nan)(nan)距(ju)巴(ba)中市約(yue)136公里(li)(經陳家(jia)山(shan)),西(xi)(xi)距(ju)廣元(yuan)市約(yue)216公里(li)(經陳家(jia)山(shan))。地理坐標為東(dong)經106o38’50”~107o05’56”,北(bei)(bei)緯32o31’12”~32o44’29”。
米倉山地(di)(di)處中國大(da)陸(lu)南北地(di)(di)理和(he)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)以及生(sheng)態的過渡(du)帶(dai),受(shou)東(dong)南季(ji)風和(he)西南季(ji)風的雙重影響,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)溫和(he)濕(shi)潤,四季(ji)分明,屬亞熱(re)帶(dai)大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區域,年(nian)降水量多達(da)1200毫米以上(shang),年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫約(yue)15°C左右。
米(mi)(mi)倉山(shan)多(duo)數(shu)山(shan)體為(wei)圓錐狀的石(shi)灰巖和白(bai)云巖峰(feng)叢(cong)地貌(mao)景觀,峰(feng)叢(cong)多(duo)發育在山(shan)脈之上,而貴州、廣西的峰(feng)叢(cong)則(ze)主(zhu)要生長在盆(pen)地之中。構成米(mi)(mi)倉山(shan)巖層主(zhu)體的是(shi)花(hua)崗巖、變質砂巖、石(shi)灰巖和白(bai)云巖。米(mi)(mi)倉山(shan)主(zhu)峰(feng)光霧(wu)山(shan)海拔(ba)2507米(mi)(mi),峰(feng)體渾圓,是(shi)花(hua)崗巖球狀風化、寒凍風化結果造成。
米倉山自然保(bao)護區有種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)134科(ke)554屬1300種(zhong)(zhong),其中蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)25科(ke)46屬124種(zhong)(zhong);裸(luo)子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)5科(ke)11屬17種(zhong)(zhong);被子(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)129科(ke)543屬1200余種(zhong)(zhong)。植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)科(ke)占全(quan)(quan)國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)科(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)55.24%,屬占全(quan)(quan)國(guo)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)29.86%,中國(guo)特有屬和(he)東亞特有屬97個(ge),占總叔叔屬數(shu)19.28%。國(guo)家Ⅰ級重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)紅豆(dou)杉、南(nan)方紅豆(dou)杉2種(zhong)(zhong),屬國(guo)家Ⅱ級重點(dian)(dian)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有水青書、連香(xiang)樹、巴山榧、香(xiang)果樹等10種(zhong)(zhong)。還蘊(yun)藏(zang)有豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)中藥(yao)材(cai)資源,可(ke)直接利用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)主要(yao)有黨參、泡參、天麻、桔梗、柴(chai)胡(hu)、半夏、杜(du)仲、黃柏、五味子(zi)、南(nan)五味子(zi)、淫羊藿等多種(zhong)(zhong)。
米(mi)倉山國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)森林公(gong)園內(nei)獨特(te)的(de)(de)地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌和優越的(de)(de)自然(ran)生境(jing)條件,大面積(ji)保(bao)存完好的(de)(de)原始森林,為野生動物(wu)提供了良好的(de)(de)棲息(xi)環境(jing)。據統計,保(bao)護(hu)區內(nei)有(you)(you)魚(yu)類(lei)1目2科(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)8種(zhong),其中有(you)(you)中國(guo)(guo)魚(yu)類(lei)新種(zhong)——巴山高(gao)原鰍(qiu)。兩棲類(lei)2目5科(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)19種(zhong)、爬行類(lei)3目5科(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)19種(zhong)、鳥類(lei)13目37科(ke)(ke)81屬(shu)125種(zhong)占、哺(bu)乳(ru)類(lei)7目23科(ke)(ke)47屬(shu)66種(zhong),屬(shu)于國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野生動物(wu)有(you)(you)豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林麝、羚羊、金雕等五種(zhong);屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)野生動物(wu)有(you)(you)獼猴(hou)、黑熊、紅腹角雉、斑羚、大鯢等24種(zhong)。