罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)(chi)是中國四川(chuan)(chuan)省成(cheng)都市(shi)下(xia)轄(xia)的(de)(de)崇州市(shi)市(shi)中心(xin)的(de)(de)一(yi)處園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin),是四川(chuan)(chuan)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)中川(chuan)(chuan)西園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)的(de)(de)代表(biao)作之一(yi)。罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)(chi)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)始建(jian)于唐朝,初名(ming)“東(dong)亭(ting)”,是一(yi)座衙署園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)。宋時(shi),江原知縣趙抃在園(yuan)(yuan)中開鑿罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)(chi),加(jia)之后來蘇元老(lao)、陸游(you)等文人的(de)(de)經營,罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)格(ge)局大體奠定(ding),并成(cheng)為蜀中名(ming)勝。宋之后,官方對罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)修葺與重建(jian)大都以紀念陸游(you)、趙抃兩(liang)人為主題,罨(yan)(yan)(yan)畫池(chi)(chi)(chi)因而逐漸演變成(cheng)為現今的(de)(de)公共(gong)性紀念園(yuan)(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)。
罨(yan)畫池現(xian)存(cun)(cun)建(jian)(jian)筑群(qun)多為清朝重建(jian)(jian),全(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由罨(yan)畫池、陸游祠和州文(wen)(wen)廟三部(bu)分組成(cheng),總占(zhan)地(di)34541平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),其中水面14600平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),建(jian)(jian)筑面積5946平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),全(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)格局及建(jian)(jian)筑保(bao)存(cun)(cun)完好,是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)少數幾(ji)處(chu)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)至今的唐(tang)宋(song)衙署園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林之一(yi)。罨(yan)畫池具有濃厚(hou)的地(di)域特色(se)和很高的藝(yi)術價值,是(shi)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)單位之一(yi)。
罨畫池位(wei)于城區中心,南鄰文(wen)廟,東連陸游(you)祠,占地約38畝,素有川西名園之稱(cheng)(cheng),是全國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei),始建于唐,成(cheng)盛景于宋,亦(yi)曾稱(cheng)(cheng)“東亭”、“東湖”。
園(yuan)中(zhong)有琴(qin)鶴(he)堂、問梅(mei)山館(guan)、瞑琴(qin)待鶴(he)之軒、琴(qin)鶴(he)橋(qiao)等,均以(yi)曾在本境為官(guan)的趙(zhao)抃、陸游事(shi)跡得名。從大門(men)由西環池(chi)(chi)繞(rao)東而北,還(huan)有迎賓亭(ting)(ting)(ting)、尊經(jing)閣、風送花(hua)(hua)香入酒卮、半(ban)潭秋水一(yi)(yi)房山、望月樓、飛虹橋(qiao)、疑無(wu)路墻、“罨畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)”古碑、五(wu)云(yun)溪、比(bi)鄰廊(lang)等景點(dian)。罨畫(hua)(hua)池(chi)(chi)有水面約(yue)22畝,分內(nei)池(chi)(chi)和外(wai)(wai)池(chi)(chi),外(wai)(wai)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)心有一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)方形亭(ting)(ting)(ting)子,叫罨畫(hua)(hua)亭(ting)(ting)(ting),此亭(ting)(ting)(ting)四面環水,僅(jin)一(yi)(yi)石(shi)砌拱(gong)橋(qiao)可(ke)達,亭(ting)(ting)(ting)邊古柏(bo)為明朝(chao)時栽植,至今蒼翠挺拔,生命常(chang)青。琴(qin)鶴(he)堂前,東有假(jia)山區,三彎九折,步移景換;西有薈萃園(yuan),是盆景精品(pin)薈萃之園(yuan),其茶花(hua)(hua)盆景風格獨特(te),在省內(nei)外(wai)(wai)頗(po)有影響(xiang)。諸景點(dian)之間或云(yun)墻環護、花(hua)(hua)木(mu)掩映,或曲徑通幽(you)、枝葉相接。園(yuan)中(zhong)玉(yu)蘭、海棠、梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)等名貴花(hua)(hua)卉達60余種(zhong),銀(yin)杏(xing)、水杉(shan)、古楠、古柏(bo)等樹木(mu)大多在百年以(yi)上。
唐詩(shi)(shi)人白(bai)居易有詩(shi)(shi)云:“疑香薰罨畫,似淚著(zhu)(zhu)燕脂。”北宋(song)趙抃(bian)更(geng)有“占(zhan)勝芳菲地,標名罨畫池”之名。唐代(dai)大詩(shi)(shi)人杜甫、裴迪、高適曾在此做詩(shi)(shi)唱和,南宋(song)著(zhu)(zhu)名愛國詩(shi)(shi)人陸游兩度在蜀州(今崇(chong)州)為官,居于園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內,故園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內景點多(duo)與(yu)之有關。園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)散落(luo)陸游詞鐫刻數十(shi)處,池畔廊(lang)、橋、榭、軒(xuan)、亭,假山疏密相間,步(bu)移(yi)景換,具有江(jiang)南園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)林玲瓏(long)秀雅的韻(yun)味。