寧夏鹽池哈(ha)巴湖(hu)生態旅游(you)區(qu)(qu)堪(kan)稱(cheng)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)明珠,這里文物(wu)古(gu)跡(ji)眾(zhong)多(duo),山川沙(sha)海兼(jian)有(you)(you),數萬畝林(lin)(lin)木郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥(cong)蔥(cong),排列整(zheng)齊(qi),千(qian)畝芨芨林(lin)(lin)隨風(feng)婆娑起舞(wu),煞是迷人(ren)。景區(qu)(qu)內大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)湖(hu)泊點綴其間,濕(shi)地縱橫,經(jing)年不盡,是消(xiao)夏避暑、休(xiu)閑度假、科(ke)考探險的(de)(de)絕佳去處(chu)。同(tong)(tong)時,哈(ha)巴湖(hu)內中草藥資源極為(wei)豐富,是馳(chi)名中外(wai)的(de)(de)“甘草之(zhi)鄉”,并(bing)且又(you)是干旱、荒漠(mo)(mo)地區(qu)(qu)少有(you)(you)的(de)(de)且具(ju)有(you)(you)代(dai)表性的(de)(de)自然綜合體(ti)和比較完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)自然生態系統(tong),具(ju)有(you)(you)重要的(de)(de)教學和科(ke)研(yan)價(jia)值(zhi),因而(er)也成(cheng)為(wei)中國(guo)一處(chu)高價(jia)值(zhi)、寧夏面積(ji)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)(qu)。哈(ha)巴湖(hu)處(chu)在鹽池中部最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)流沙(sha)帶的(de)(de)源頭(tou),方(fang)圓(yuan)50平方(fang)千(qian)米連綿不斷的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)經(jing)過兩代(dai)林(lin)(lin)業工人(ren)的(de)(de)艱苦治(zhi)理,已經(jing)變成(cheng)了沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)綠洲,并(bing)且形成(cheng)了秀(xiu)美的(de)(de)森林(lin)(lin)景觀。成(cheng)片的(de)(de)沙(sha)柳(liu)隨風(feng)在沙(sha)海中翻(fan)著綠浪,沙(sha)丘低地一簇一簇的(de)(de)旱柳(liu)林(lin)(lin),如同(tong)(tong)蘑菇云(yun)重重疊疊,若(ruo)隱若(ruo)現(xian)。更為(wei)可貴的(de)(de)是在毛烏素沙(sha)地南緣保存了面積(ji)可觀、已經(jing)罕見的(de)(de)天然烏柳(liu)林(lin)(lin)和楊柴(chai)林(lin)(lin),成(cheng)為(wei)一種獨特的(de)(de)植物(wu)群(qun)落。
景區以中外馳(chi)名商標“鹽池(chi)灘羊”為主食材,獨特的(de)自然氣候(hou)條件和優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)牧草(cao)資源造就(jiu)了鹽池(chi)灘羊這一優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)種。你(ni)可以品(pin)嘗到地道的(de)“手(shou)指羊”,以綠(lv)色安全、肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)細嫩、低膽固醇(chun)、不膻(shan)不腥而聞名,榮(rong)登G20杭州峰(feng)會和國宴(yan)餐桌,紅(hong)遍(bian)了大江(jiang)南北。
景區內沙漠森林里獨有的木屋別墅和野奢帳篷,環境幽雅,舒適寧靜,將您置身于天然氧吧,遠離城市喧囂,與大自然親密擁抱,在這里可以放松身心,享受充足的陽光,進行一次理想的日光浴和沙療。這里是拍攝星(xing)(xing)空絕佳之地,浩瀚寧靜的(de)(de)夜(ye)空,點點繁星(xing)(xing),銀(yin)河通透,猶如大(da)大(da)小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)鉆石,星(xing)(xing)羅棋(qi)布的(de)(de)鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)在上面(mian),灼灼生輝(hui)。漫天的(de)(de)星(xing)(xing)斗(dou),把夢(meng)幻般的(de)(de)光芒融合在一起,溫柔的(de)(de)灑向(xiang)大(da)地,使人遐想(xiang)萬千(qian)。
既(ji)到哈巴(ba)(ba)(ba)湖(hu),何(he)須額(e)濟納。行走(zou)在林間,即被眼(yan)(yan)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)詩情畫(hua)(hua)意而(er)(er)感染,又被挺拔(ba)蒼勁而(er)(er)感動(dong),帶(dai)給你一(yi)(yi)次(ci)又一(yi)(yi)次(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)震撼(han)。當(dang)深秋的(de)(de)(de)(de)腳(jiao)步(bu)邁(mai)進(jin)哈巴(ba)(ba)(ba)湖(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),小(xiao)葉楊便褪掉了一(yi)(yi)身青翠,裹上金黃的(de)(de)(de)(de)盛裝(zhuang),金韻斑斕,美輪(lun)美奐,一(yi)(yi)眼(yan)(yan)望去,是(shi)一(yi)(yi)幅無(wu)(wu)法臨(lin)摹的(de)(de)(de)(de)油畫(hua)(hua),所以這里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人習慣叫它(ta)小(xiao)胡楊。看著(zhu)一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)株(zhu)身姿婀娜而(er)(er)瀟灑(sa)與命運(yun)抗(kang)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)胡楊,令人由衷地感嘆(tan)生命的(de)(de)(de)(de)頑強,從合抱粗的(de)(de)(de)(de)老樹(shu),到不(bu)及盈握(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細枝,橫逸豎斜,雜蕪而(er)(er)立。然(ran)而(er)(er),無(wu)(wu)論柔弱,無(wu)(wu)論蒼老,總有(you)一(yi)(yi)抹生命的(de)(de)(de)(de)綠(lv)色(se)點染著(zhu)枝梢。正(zheng)是(shi)這無(wu)(wu)言流淌的(de)(de)(de)(de)哈巴(ba)(ba)(ba)湖(hu)孕育著(zhu)這一(yi)(yi)片片不(bu)屈的(de)(de)(de)(de)生命。
是人(ren)們(men)對(dui)西北(bei)的(de)第一反應(ying)。坦蕩平坦的(de)高原(yuan)(yuan)面上,沙(sha)丘連(lian)綿(mian)起(qi)伏(fu),滾(gun)(gun)滾(gun)(gun)黃(huang)沙(sha)構成(cheng)茫茫的(de)沙(sha)海(hai)。沙(sha)海(hai)晨曦(xi)、沙(sha)海(hai)落日(ri),成(cheng)為壯(zhuang)麗的(de)景(jing)象;沙(sha)塵(chen)暴一起(qi),遮天(tian)(tian)蔽(bi)日(ri),昏天(tian)(tian)黑地,使人(ren)們(men)產生巨大(da)的(de)恐(kong)懼感。另外,隨著荒漠(mo)化草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)上四季氣溫、天(tian)(tian)氣的(de)變(bian)化,相應(ying)的(de)林木、花(hua)草(cao),各(ge)呈其色,構成(cheng)不同的(de)景(jing)觀:花(hua)紅(hong)柳綠(lv)(春季)、沙(sha)漠(mo)綠(lv)洲、向(xiang)陽花(hua)開(夏季)、林緣秋色、碩果累(lei)累(lei)(秋季)、玉樹瓊(qiong)枝(冬(dong)季雪景(jing))。
鐵柱(zhu)泉古城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)自治(zhi)區級歷史文物保護遺址。該城(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)明嘉靖十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1563年(nian)(nian))尚書劉天和所(suo)筑,原(yuan)有(you)石碑(bei)記載:“去(qu)花馬寺(si)之西南,興武營之東南,小(xiao)鹽池之東北,均九十里交(jiao)匯之處(chu),水涌(yong)甘冽(lie),是(shi)(shi)為鐵柱(zhu)泉。現(xian)(xian)存古城(cheng)(cheng)規模巨(ju)大,西墻正(zheng)中有(you)腰墩,四(si)隅有(you)角臺,門面東面帶甕城(cheng)(cheng),現(xian)(xian)已廢(fei)棄(qi),城(cheng)(cheng)內殘磚碎瓦觸目(mu)皆是(shi)(shi)。
哈巴(ba)湖細(xi)石(shi)器(qi)文(wen)化遺址,早(zao)在(zai)夏朝以前至四、五千年,這(zhe)里就有(you)人類居(ju)住,他們以牧獵為(wei)生,過著群居(ju)生活。由(you)于(yu)風(feng)蝕的因(yin)素,沙丘(qiu)被風(feng)搬動后(hou)露出(chu)了原(yuan)來小片地表(biao)。在(zai)這(zhe)些表(biao)層上(shang)散布著打(da)制石(shi)器(qi)和磨制石(shi)器(qi),其(qi)中有(you)石(shi)斧、石(shi)錛(ben)、石(shi)錘、石(shi)葉(xie)等(deng)。還發現了當時人頸上(shang)佩(pei)戴的項珠,用獸(shou)骨磨制而(er)成。
鄯善國雙陽公主行圍涉獵,與迷路的狄青相遇,二人結好。印唐國來索取狄青,雙陽公主假意應允,但提出須以珍珠烈火旗、日月肅霜馬相交換。在雙陽公主的幫助下,狄青得旗馬,急于回宋,瞞過雙陽公主,趕赴歸途。雙陽公主兼程追尋,終趕上,二人互訴苦衷,相約再見。位(wei)于景區入口(kou)處的雙(shuang)堆子梁有兩座高起的土堆,傳說是唐代(dai)將軍狄青與雙(shuang)陽公主的墓(mu)地。
寧夏境內的河東墻始修于明成化(hua)八年(nian),其中(zhong)價值極大地”東關(guan)(guan)(guan)口"即”長城關(guan)(guan)(guan)“,因(yin)建(jian)筑宏(hong)偉,加之(zhi)古花馬(ma)池城的襯托、軍事地位的重(zhong)要等原(yuan)因(yin),與中(zhong)國長城上(shang)的山海關(guan)(guan)(guan)、居庸關(guan)(guan)(guan)、大同關(guan)(guan)(guan)、嘉峪關(guan)(guan)(guan)齊名。
1、青銀高速:
銀川——“高沙窩出(chu)口(kou)”——南(nan)梁(liang)——哈南(nan)路——哈巴(ba)湖景區
2、定武高速:
中衛——“馬兒莊出口”——省道304——哈巴(ba)湖景區(qu)
3、鹽鄂高速:
鄂托(tuo)克前旗——“鹽(yan)池(chi)縣出(chu)口”——省道304——王樂井鄉(xiang)——哈(ha)巴湖景區(qu)
寧(ning)夏(xia)哈巴(ba)湖國家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區位于寧(ning)夏(xia)鹽(yan)池(chi)縣(xian)中北(bei)部,鹽(yan)池(chi)縣(xian)處于陜西、甘(gan)肅、寧(ning)夏(xia)、內(nei)蒙(meng)古(gu)四省區交界,地理坐標為東經106°53′23‘’~107°39′37‘’,北(bei)緯37°36′41‘’~38°01′59‘’之間,2006年設立(li)了哈巴(ba)湖國家級(ji)(ji)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護區。
景(jing)區(qu)地(di)(di)處鄂爾多斯臺(tai)地(di)(di)西緣,位于祁連山(shan)(shan)(shan)、呂梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)、賀蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)字形構造脊柱部位的布倫廟(miao)—鎮原白堊系大(da)向斜(xie)和賀蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)——青龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)褶皺(zhou)帶內(nei)(nei)。區(qu)內(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)勢南高(gao)北低,海拔1300——1622米,由黃土侵(qin)蝕高(gao)坡丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)、緩坡丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)、平坦洼地(di)(di)、河流沖(chong)溝、沙漠丘(qiu)陵(ling)(ling)等地(di)(di)貌單元(yuan)組成(cheng)。
景(jing)區(qu)處于中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大(da)(da)陸性季(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)征是(shi)冬(dong)寒長、夏熱(re)短(duan),春(chun)遲秋早;太(tai)陽輻射強烈,日(ri)照資源充足(zu);熱(re)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較為(wei)(wei)豐富(fu),晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大(da)(da);降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)少,持(chi)續干(gan)旱時(shi)間(jian)長;盛行西風(feng),春(chun)季(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)多(duo)(duo)(duo)風(feng)季(ji)(ji)節;空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)濕度小(xiao),蒸發量(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da);無霜期(qi)短(duan),土壤凍(dong)結時(shi)間(jian)長。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)7.1℃,最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)37.0℃,最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-29.5℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均≥10℃的(de)積溫(wen)(wen)3081.2℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均日(ri)照2852.9小(xiao)時(shi),平均無霜期(qi)128天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)285毫米(mi),全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)80%多(duo)(duo)(duo)集中(zhong)在7—9月(yue)份,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均蒸發量(liang)(liang)(liang)2727.4毫米(mi),是(shi)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)9.6倍;年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均風(feng)速2.7米(mi)/秒,大(da)(da)風(feng)日(ri)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)45.8天,多(duo)(duo)(duo)集中(zhong)在11月(yue)至(zhi)翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)間(jian),最(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)達52天,最(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)(duo)風(feng)速達15—18米(mi)/秒,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均沙(sha)暴日(ri)數(shu)20.6天,以春(chun)季(ji)(ji)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)(duo);災害(hai)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主要(yao)有干(gan)旱、霜凍(dong)、冰雹、風(feng)、沙(sha)暴、干(gan)熱(re)風(feng)等(deng)。
景區(qu)內(nei)(nei)無(wu)大河流,均為內(nei)(nei)陸沖溝水(shui)(shui)系,地(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)以大氣降水(shui)(shui)和泉水(shui)(shui)補給。地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)主要有毛烏(wu)素沙地(di)(di)第四系地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui),毛烏(wu)素沙地(di)(di)基巖地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)以及(ji)承壓(ya)自(zi)留水(shui)(shui)和南部黃(huang)土區(qu)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)。地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)充足,水(shui)(shui)質較好(hao),其含水(shui)(shui)量(liang)、面積、富含水(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)區(qu)占鹽池地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總量(liang)的(de)80%以上。
景區地處四大過渡地帶的交錯區,植被的過渡性十分明顯,典型黃土高原草原植物,典型荒漠草原植物,典型的毛烏素沙地沙生草原植物,非地帶性的鹽地灌叢和濕地草甸植物交錯分布,表現為過渡地帶植物相互交匯滲透的特征。落葉(xie)灌叢、草(cao)甸、干旱草(cao)原(yuan)、荒漠(mo)草(cao)原(yuan)、荒漠(mo)、濕地植(zhi)被(bei)等典型的自(zi)然景觀。落葉(xie)灌叢、草(cao)甸、草(cao)原(yuan)、草(cao)原(yuan)帶沙生植(zhi)被(bei)、荒漠(mo)、水生植(zhi)被(bei)、沼澤及(ji)河(he)漫灘植(zhi)被(bei)等七(qi)個植(zhi)被(bei)型、十五個植(zhi)被(bei)亞型、二十五個群系(xi)形成的各種各樣(yang)自(zi)然景觀。
土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型分為地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)非地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)兩種,地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要以灰鈣(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為主(zhu),非地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)主(zhu)要有風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、新積(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、堆墊土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)等類(lei)型。
哈巴(ba)湖景區(qu)內有(you)維管束(shu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)77科(ke)279屬559種,其中裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)3科(ke),雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)64科(ke),單子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)10科(ke)。在植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中有(you)國(guo)家重點保護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)5種,它們是中麻黃、草麻黃、甘(gan)草、沙(sha)冬青、沙(sha)蘆草。在保護區(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中有(you)3種中國(guo)特有(you)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu):地構葉、紊(wen)蒿(hao)、知母(mu)。
景區(qu)動(dong)物區(qu)系(xi)屬古北(bei)(bei)界的(de)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)亞界,東(dong)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)的(de)黃土高原亞區(qu)和(he)(he)中(zhong)亞界的(de)蒙(meng)新區(qu)西(xi)部荒(huang)漠(mo)亞區(qu),同青藏區(qu)的(de)青藏南亞和(he)(he)東(dong)洋界中(zhong)印(yin)亞界的(de)華中(zhong)區(qu)西(xi)部山地高原亞區(qu)相接(jie)壤(rang)。本區(qu)域內(nei)共(gong)有(you)(you)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)陸生野生動(dong)物25目51科(ke)(ke)149種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包(bao)括(kuo)亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),其中(zhong)兩棲爬行類(lei)(lei)3目5科(ke)(ke)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)16目30科(ke)(ke)83種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),哺(bu)乳(ru)類(lei)(lei)6目16科(ke)(ke)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)匡家(jia)一級(ji)(ji)保護鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)黑鸛、大鴇2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)保護鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)斑(ban)嘴鵜鶘、白(bai)琶鷺、大天鵝(e)、小天鵝(e)、鴛鴦等16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):國(guo)家(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)保護獸類(lei)(lei)荒(huang)漠(mo)貓、兔猻、鵝(e)喉羚3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。區(qu)內(nei)共(gong)有(you)(you)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)綱的(de)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)140科(ke)(ke)436種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中(zhong)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)109科(ke)(ke)376種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樹的(de)86.2%;益蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)34科(ke)(ke)60種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)總數的(de)13.8%。有(you)(you)蛛(zhu)形綱的(de)蜘蛛(zhu)7科(ke)(ke)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),螨類(lei)(lei)5科(ke)(ke)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。被(bei)譽為“西(xi)部種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)和(he)(he)遺傳資源的(de)基因庫”。