芒果视频下载

歷史淵源

婺源嚴田 ——-皇室后裔村落

千(qian)百年(nian)來，李(li)姓(xing)及后遷入的朱(zhu)(zhu)、王等(deng)(deng)姓(xing)，為了生活和(he)心(xin)理上(shang)的需要，曾在聚落內建造了不少公(gong)共(gong)性建筑。如(ru)宗祠(ci)有(you)嚴(yan)田(tian)李(li)氏(shi)(shi)宗祠(ci)、李(li)氏(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)彝敘堂(tang)(tang)、李(li)氏(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)寶(bao)善堂(tang)(tang)、朱(zhu)(zhu)氏(shi)(shi)秩敘祠(ci)、朱(zhu)(zhu)氏(shi)(shi)敬(jing)愛祠(ci)、朱(zhu)(zhu)氏(shi)(shi)敦睦(mu)祠(ci)、朱(zhu)(zhu)氏(shi)(shi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)祠(ci)宗正堂(tang)(tang)、王氏(shi)(shi)三槐祠(ci)；又如(ru)庵(an)堂(tang)(tang)有(you)四靈庵(an)、龍華庵(an)、永濟庵(an)、翠微(wei)庵(an)等(deng)(deng)。這(zhe)些，現多已在社會的變動中(zhong)毀(hui)滅了。剩下的宅居和(he)店(dian)鋪（嚴(yan)田(tian)村中(zhong)的古街道，舊時又兼徽、饒兩(liang)州(zhou)府的過境大路，街兩(liang)側(ce)多店(dian)鋪），大都已破舊或被改建

據《婺(wu)源縣(xian)志·科第》記載：在嚴(yan)(yan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)，李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)姓興(xing)(xing)盛是(shi)在宋(song)朝一代(dai)，村人(ren)(ren)登進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第者有(you)(you)24人(ren)(ren)，他(ta)們分別(bie)是(shi)嘉祐(you)(you)辛丑（1061）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儼、紹興(xing)(xing)甲(jia)戌（1154）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)知已(yi)、紹興(xing)(xing)庚辰(chen)（1160）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)冠(guan)之、紹興(xing)(xing)壬午（1162）上(shang)舍釋褐賜進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出身(shen)的李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)炳、淳(chun)熙(xi)辛丑（1181）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)行成(cheng)、淳(chun)熙(xi)己酉（1189）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)則參、紹熙(xi)癸(gui)丑（1193）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)大端和(he)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)楫、開(kai)禧(xi)乙丑（1205）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)楠、嘉定(ding)辛未（1211）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)尚和(he)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)升之、嘉定(ding)甲(jia)戌（1214）特(te)奏(zou)名(ming)者李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)登和(he)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)步(bu)豹、嘉定(ding)丁丑（1217）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)嘉猷、紹定(ding)己丑（1229）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)玘和(he)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)震宗、淳(chun)祐(you)(you)辛丑（1241）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)泰來、淳(chun)祐(you)(you)甲(jia)辰(chen)（1244）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)時和(he)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念祖、寶(bao)祐(you)(you)癸(gui)丑（1253）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)碧山(shan)(shan)、寶(bao)祐(you)(you)丙辰(chen)（1256）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)桃、李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雷雨和(he)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應奎、咸淳(chun)戊(wu)辰(chen)（1268）進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)說。登進(jin)(jin)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第者雖多，但(dan)因為始(shi)遷祖“立志從田(tian)(tian)(tian)”，所以出任七(qi)品(pin)以上(shang)文武(wu)官員的僅有(you)(you)饒州(zhou)通(tong)判(pan)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)儼、刑部右侍郎李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)知已(yi)、大理寺(si)丞李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)冠(guan)之、南康軍(jun)通(tong)判(pan)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)升之、將作(zuo)監(jian)丞的李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)嘉猷、淮東(dong)安(an)撫使李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)念祖、國子(zi)祭(ji)酒李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)碧山(shan)(shan)、中書舍人(ren)(ren)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)桃、武(wu)昌(chang)知府李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)雷雨和(he)余(yu)杭知縣(xian)李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)應奎10人(ren)(ren)。明清(qing)時期，村人(ren)(ren)多因種地(di)家貧，眼見(jian)經商(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)利可圖(tu)，所以使得(de)眾多家境貧寒之人(ren)(ren)，為生計(ji)所迫而離鄉背井(jing)向外(wai)尋求謀(mou)生，走(zou)上(shang)“服賈(jia)四方”、“以商(shang)(shang)為命(ming)”的道路(lu)。《婺(wu)源縣(xian)志》記，時嚴(yan)(yan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)外(wai)出經商(shang)(shang)的有(you)(you)：李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)從云，“嘗賈(jia)于開(kai)化”；李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)振穉，“弱冠(guan)隨父商(shang)(shang)金陵”；李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)全(quan)義(yi)，“年(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二，便習計(ji)然術(shu)，后業(ye)(ye)木湖廣”；李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)秀文，“服賈(jia)信州(zhou)”；李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)正(zheng)俊，“服賈(jia)信州(zhou)數十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)”；李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)汝霖，“業(ye)(ye)茶于上(shang)海(hai)”；李(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)發棟，“年(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)六，隨父商(shang)(shang)江(jiang)右信州(zhou)，晚商(shang)(shang)于景德鎮”；朱(zhu)(zhu)誠初，“貿易江(jiang)西”；朱(zhu)(zhu)廷誥，“年(nian)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八，棄(qi)儒商(shang)(shang)廣東(dong)”；朱(zhu)(zhu)廷杰，“中年(nian)務茶業(ye)(ye)，偕弟占(zhan)春遠赴東(dong)粵”等等。正(zheng)是(shi)這些有(you)(you)進(jin)(jin)取精神、有(you)(you)開(kai)拓能力的人(ren)(ren)一代(dai)一代(dai)地(di)出去(qu)了，雖然他(ta)們經商(shang)(shang)致(zhi)富后帶(dai)回(hui)大量(liang)白花花的銀子(zi)，但(dan)仍難以償(chang)人(ren)(ren)才(cai)的流失，以致(zhi)嚴(yan)(yan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)在明清(qing)時科甲(jia)上(shang)不再有(you)(you)傲人(ren)(ren)的成(cheng)就

歷(li)史上，嚴田(tian)村曾建有(you)“振(zhen)藻(zao)園”、“學靜軒”、“鐘英軒”等書(shu)舍館塾，以教鄉族子(zi)弟。為此，村里也曾出過一些文墨人(ren)，如清代(dai)李鴻(hong)瑞著有(you)《蘆洲詩集》。《婺源縣志》載嚴田(tian)清代(dai)有(you)兩位(wei)名醫(yi)，一位(wei)是(shi)(shi)“善岐(qi)黃，全活(huo)甚眾”的(de)李振(zhen)基(ji)；另一位(wei)是(shi)(shi)“精岐(qi)黃，活(huo)人(ren)無算(suan)”的(de)李振(zhen)琛。

地域特色

村落的東北側是“船槽(cao)峽”。《婺源縣(xian)志》記載：“山(shan)(shan)甚奇秀，有大小船槽(cao)五，昔時槽(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)有水，鄉人(ren)以木艇(ting)渡于(yu)槽(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)。山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)石(shi)(shi)屏廣可三里，石(shi)(shi)屏下(xia)有二(er)洞(dong)，俗傳洞(dong)內有穴(xue)，通鄱陽湖。左(zuo)右(you)有日(ri)山(shan)(shan)和月(yue)山(shan)(shan)。”清(qing)咸豐間，太平(ping)軍征戰(zhan)婺源時，曾多次經嚴(yan)田(tian)過船槽(cao)峽。咸豐十一年(nian)（1861）二(er)月(yue)十二(er)日(ri)，太平(ping)軍侍王(wang)李世賢(xian)一部在甲路與清(qing)兵交戰(zhan)，重創(chuang)清(qing)兵，陣(zhen)斬把(ba)總趙(zhao)玉蓮、曾文清(qing)等，隨后扎營(ying)于(yu)船槽(cao)峽。在船槽(cao)峽左(zuo)側的日(ri)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)麓，有“青(qing)蘿洞(dong)”。“洞(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)有天(tian)尊行(xing)道巖、湖來峰、花(hua)鞋石(shi)(shi)、天(tian)柱石(shi)(shi)、芝(zhi)田(tian)、石(shi)(shi)鐘、石(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)、天(tian)井。宣(xuan)議郎李彥和曾構精舍于(yu)此，題其景曰‘青(qing)蘿印月(yue)’。”南宋(song)學者張舜臣題《青(qing)蘿洞(dong)》詩云(yun)：“峰巒縹緲倚青(qing)云(yun)，古(gu)往今來事可詢。歙地洞(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)名(ming)已舊，唐賢(xian)石(shi)(shi)上墨猶新(xin)。煙(yan)霞解鎖無(wu)塵跡，花(hua)藥能(neng)留不老春(chun)。公(gong)出桃(tao)源本(ben)仙裔(yi)，清(qing)游寧(ning)惜駐雕輪。”另在上、下(xia)嚴(yan)田(tian)之(zhi)間，明嘉(jia)靖四十三年(nian)（1564）縣(xian)曾設(she)“嚴(yan)田(tian)巡檢司”，有弓兵30名(ming)；萬歷(li)八年(nian)（1580）撤。

最值得稱(cheng)道的(de)(de)(de)是嚴田(tian)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)”，其稱(cheng)得上為古人實踐風水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)理(li)論(lun)的(de)(de)(de)杰出典(dian)范之(zhi)一。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)，繆希雍的(de)(de)(de)《葬經翼》中稱(cheng)：乃一地(di)之(zhi)門戶，當“一方眾(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)所總(zong)(zong)出處也”。由于(yu)(yu)婺源(yuan)地(di)處萬(wan)山間，各(ge)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo)四面大多是山，形成(cheng)(cheng)較為封(feng)閉的(de)(de)(de)完整空間，所以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)自(zi)然而(er)然地(di)成(cheng)(cheng)為村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo)的(de)(de)(de)咽喉(hou)，被人們看(kan)成(cheng)(cheng)關系到(dao)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo)人丁財富的(de)(de)(de)興衰聚散之(zhi)地(di)。風水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)術認為水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)即是財富，為了留住財氣(qi)，因此往(wang)往(wang)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)處培植樹木，建(jian)筑橋臺樓塔(ta)等物(wu)，以增加鎖(suo)鑰的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)勢(shi)，扼住關口(kou)(kou)。這樣布局，即是基于(yu)(yu)古代風水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)術“障(zhang)空補缺(que)”的(de)(de)(de)理(li)論(lun)，同(tong)時又改善了村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo)的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境及景觀，形成(cheng)(cheng)“綠樹村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)邊合，青山郭外斜”的(de)(de)(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)落(luo)總(zong)(zong)體環(huan)境特征，使(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)成(cheng)(cheng)為全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)公共園林。嚴田(tian)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)，除植有巨樟、在溪流上橫架(jia)藉以“藏(zang)風聚氣(qi)”的(de)(de)(de)樹德橋外，另裝飾(shi)有德福亭、四靈庵、沁泉、如來佛(fo)柱、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)碓等建(jian)筑，使(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)不僅關鎖(suo)嚴密，同(tong)時炫示了家族的(de)(de)(de)榮耀。