白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰海拔983米,奇(qi)(qi)石(shi)如垛(duo),白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)云繚繞(rao),俗(su)稱白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)貌垛(duo)。明(ming)嘉靖《南陽府(fu)志(zhi)·山(shan)(shan)(shan)川·泌陽縣(xian)(xian)》的記載是:“白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)貌垛(duo)山(shan)(shan)(shan),在縣(xian)(xian)東七十里(li),山(shan)(shan)(shan)之奇(qi)(qi)峰秀麗,常有(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)云舒卷故(gu)名”。清《泌陽縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》具體描述(shu)為:“白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)茅(mao)(mao)堵(du)(垛(duo)),在縣(xian)(xian)東北七十里(li),山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢雄(xiong)偉(wei),俯(fu)環群山(shan)(shan)(shan),天(tian)陰雨(yu)必興云霧(wu)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)后有(you)龍潭。相傳山(shan)(shan)(shan)上有(you)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)茅(mao)(mao)大(da)仙。每(mei)逢歲旱,鄉人無(wu)論遠近(jin),皆往(wang)祈雨(yu),有(you)求輒應,屢著靈異。又名白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)云山(shan)(shan)(shan)。”
白云山(shan)古老而神奇。歷史上,以(yi)其滿山(shan)青翠、如龍(long)(long)(long)在臥而曾名青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)。自(zi)白貌(mao)(mao)垛向東北綿延至確山(shan)境,宛(wan)若(ruo)一(yi)條(tiao)巨龍(long)(long)(long),白貌(mao)(mao)垛正是(shi)(shi)昂起的龍(long)(long)(long)首,石垛儼然是(shi)(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)角(jiao),槍桿嶺一(yi)如龍(long)(long)(long)須,龍(long)(long)(long)口噴(pen)吐著云霧飛(fei)瀑(九龍(long)(long)(long)瀑),龍(long)(long)(long)尾翹(qiao)立在平疇綠野(樂(le)山(shan)),一(yi)派意欲騰(teng)飛(fei)、活靈活現的蒼(cang)龍(long)(long)(long)容(rong)貌(mao)(mao),古人以(yi)“貌(mao)(mao)朵(duo)龍(long)(long)(long)容(rong)”列為泌(mi)陽八(ba)景之一(yi),載入《南陽府志(zhi)》。尤為神奇的是(shi)(shi),在這條(tiao)巨龍(long)(long)(long)身旁有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)盤山(shan)、桂(gui)花山(shan)、羅漢頂、大頂子(zi)、城頂山(shan)、棋盤、蜀山(shan)、掛旗山(shan)、千年嶺諸峰盤桓來朝,如龍(long)(long)(long)拱(gong)衛(wei);有(you)黃(huang)龍(long)(long)(long)潭、黑龍(long)(long)(long)潭、響水(shui)潭、白龍(long)(long)(long)泉、火龍(long)(long)(long)泉、立陡溝泉、響石棚泉等眾水(shui)相向,潤(run)澤滋(zi)養(yang)。可謂九龍(long)(long)(long)蟠(pan)曲(qu),祥(xiang)瑞紛(fen)呈。
傳說遠(yuan)古時候,這里(li)是一片深海,與(yu)東海相連。天塌(ta)地陷以后,海水(shui)迅(xun)速東泄,這里(li)的老龍王把宮中(zhong)(zhong)金銀珠寶(bao)(bao)裝了(le)一船,與(yu)龍子龍孫(sun)一起隨水(shui)搬家。太白(bai)金星(xing)見狀急奏(zou)玉皇大(da)帝:中(zhong)(zhong)原寶(bao)(bao)貝不能流失東海。遂作法退(tui)水(shui),寶(bao)(bao)船擱(ge)淺在今東雙山老爺廟處(chu),大(da)橡樹(shu)就(jiu)是大(da)船桅桿(gan)。老龍與(yu)子孫(sun)也化石為山,構了(le)如今的白(bai)云山系。
神(shen)話見證著歷史。25億年前(qian),太(tai)古界地(di)(di)層出露桐柏山群,分布(bu)在羊(yang)冊—王(wang)店大(da)斷裂(lie)以北華山水庫—宋溝、竹(zhu)林—白云(yun)山一帶(dai)。歷元古界—新生界,經中條、王(wang)屋、燕山構造運動,地(di)(di)層發(fa)生變質、褶(zhe)皺和斷裂(lie),產(chan)生不同成因(yin)的巖漿活動,形成白云(yun)山現在的地(di)(di)質地(di)(di)貌。
白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雄壯(zhuang)而(er)(er)質樸。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體呈東北——西(xi)南(nan)走向,與(yu)桐柏山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰(feng)(feng)太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頂(ding)遙遙相望,成(cheng)為豫(yu)南(nan)雙峰(feng)(feng)星(xing)座,高大(da)(da)深厚,威武雄壯(zhuang)。民(min)間傳說當初太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頂(ding)與(yu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相約一(yi)同(tong)往高處長(chang)(chang),看誰長(chang)(chang)得又(you)(you)快又(you)(you)高,并約定日(ri)出而(er)(er)長(chang)(chang),日(ri)落而(er)(er)息(xi)。誰知,白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下有竹林晚照,天黑(hei)得晚,多長(chang)(chang)了(le)(le)一(yi)個時辰。太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)頂(ding)雖為主峰(feng)(feng)卻矮了(le)(le)一(yi)截,它急(ji)白(bai)(bai)(bai)了(le)(le)頂(ding),便到(dao)玉皇(huang)大(da)(da)帝那(nei)里訴說白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)超越主峰(feng)(feng)。玉皇(huang)大(da)(da)帝派太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)金星(xing)下界用其(qi)拂塵掃(sao)(sao)了(le)(le)一(yi)下,把(ba)白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)峰(feng)(feng)尖掃(sao)(sao)落到(dao)東邊(bian)而(er)(er)成(cheng)樂(le)(落)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)平(ping)坦無峰(feng)(feng)怎么辦?太(tai)(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)金星(xing)又(you)(you)派眾山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)神(shen)抬(tai)白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)一(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)的石垛子放到(dao)白(bai)(bai)(bai)云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)而(er)(er)成(cheng)白(bai)(bai)(bai)貌垛。抬(tai)走山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)成(cheng)了(le)(le)平(ping)臺,即(ji)現在(zai)的臺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。
那以(yi)后,白云山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雖然稍(shao)低,但(dan)經玉皇大帝(di)特批(pi)可(ke)以(yi)自(zi)(zi)成(cheng)體系,在(zai)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)的(de)周圍形(xing)成(cheng)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)組合。共有(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)八八六(liu)十四座,東有(you)(you)雙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)565米(mi)、掛(gua)旗山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)650米(mi)、火(huo)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)461米(mi)、樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)813米(mi),南(nan)有(you)(you)光石垴832米(mi)、大尖(jian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)604.7米(mi)、羅漢頂760米(mi)、黑山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)497.5,西有(you)(you)桂花山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)740米(mi),北有(you)(you)塔山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)760米(mi)、龍盤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)604米(mi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)連山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),峰(feng)(feng)連峰(feng)(feng),秀峻(jun)挺拔(ba),巍然峙立,列山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)如(ru)屏。脊(ji)峰(feng)(feng)北翼(yi)陡險,南(nan)翼(yi)舒緩。巖層由(you)變質巖、混合巖、花崗巖、白云巖等。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺怪石天成(cheng),形(xing)態自(zi)(zi)然,原始(shi)古樸(pu)。
白(bai)云(yun)山(shan)幽靜而(er)靈(ling)秀。地處北亞熱帶向暖溫帶過渡區,屬大(da)陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)濕潤,雨量充沛(pei)。又有(you)(you)天然小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),俗(su)言“白(bai)茅垛戴帽,淹死(si)老道(士)”。山(shan)上有(you)(you)水(shui)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)九(jiu)九(jiu)八十(shi)一眼,出(chu)名泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)眼有(you)(you)張良廟泌(mi)水(shui)源泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),立(li)陡(dou)溝(gou)柳河源泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),臺(tai)山(shan)河源泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)白(bai)龍(long)(long)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),老河源泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)響石棚泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),九(jiu)龍(long)(long)口(kou)紗帽翅河源泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),大(da)橡(xiang)樹龍(long)(long)潭(tan)源泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),棋盤嶺泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(匯入泌(mi)水(shui)),城頂山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(匯入泌(mi)水(shui))等等。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)競湊,奔涌成溪(xi),越(yue)澗(jian)跳峽(xia)而(er)成飛瀑(pu)(pu)十(shi)數個。蔚為壯(zhuang)觀的瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)潭(tan)峽(xia)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),落(luo)(luo)差近40米(mi),飛流直下,水(shui)霧彌漫;蜘蛛(zhu)山(shan)三級(ji)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),落(luo)(luo)差150米(mi),如(ru)(ru)蛟龍(long)(long)出(chu)海,攜風帶雨,飛珠(zhu)濺玉,經三級(ji)蹦(beng)極(ji),呼嘯而(er)入黃龍(long)(long)潭(tan);九(jiu)夢崖瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),落(luo)(luo)差70米(mi),似晴天響雷,轟(hong)鳴之聲傳(chuan)之數里;立(li)陡(dou)溝(gou)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu),落(luo)(luo)差50余(yu)米(mi),橫(heng)寬十(shi)數丈,細流慢分,如(ru)(ru)輕紗薄霧。
白(bai)云山(shan)區(qu)有(you)大型水庫(ku)(ku)1座,小(xiao)一、小(xiao)二型水庫(ku)(ku)5座。北山(shan)腳(jiao)下的板橋(qiao)水庫(ku)(ku)蓄水7億立方(fang)米,碧波(bo)萬頃,倒(dao)映白(bai)云山(shan)雄(xiong)姿。小(xiao)型水庫(ku)(ku)如寶石如明鏡,鑲鉗在(zai)山(shan)間(jian),山(shan)中(zhong)有(you)水,水中(zhong)有(you)山(shan),山(shan)高水闊,天然和諧,于雄(xiong)偉(wei)中(zhong)透著靈秀。
通山(shan)為(wei)林木花草覆蓋,蓊(weng)郁繽紛,四季長(chang)青,恰如綠色的海洋。原(yuan)始森林、天(tian)(tian)然次生(sheng)林和人(ren)工林,針闊(kuo)葉(xie)種(zhong)類繁多,高(gao)、低交錯互(hu)生(sheng),橫無際涯,遮天(tian)(tian)蔽日,1993年(nian)被河南省政府批準(zhun)為(wei)森林公(gong)園。龍潭寺側,中原(yuan)馬(ma)尾松王樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)百尺,直插云霄;萬僧(seng)寺中,千年(nian)銀(yin)杏一(yi)(yi)雌一(yi)(yi)雄,樹(shu)(shu)冠交合(he),形同夫(fu)妻。數株(zhu)千年(nian)大(da)(da)(da)橡樹(shu)(shu)和張良廟千年(nian)柿樹(shu)(shu),一(yi)(yi)樹(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)景(jing),姿態(tai)各(ge)異(yi)。同時(shi),密林深處(chu)棲息著(zhu)狼、獾、野豬 、金錢豹(bao)、大(da)(da)(da)靈貓、青羊(yang)、麝、天(tian)(tian)鵝、勺雞(ji)、白冠長(chang)尾雉、蜂鳥、大(da)(da)(da)鯢、果子貍(li)等多種(zhong)動物(wu),又有“天(tian)(tian)然動植物(wu)園”之(zhi)譽。
白(bai)云(yun)山(shan)物華而天(tian)寶。中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)眾(zhong)多,分布廣泛(fan)。民間有(you)“從山(shan)上到平坡,除了(le)白(bai)草都是(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)”的(de)說法。據(ju)有(you)關部(bu)門(men)普(pu)查(cha),白(bai)云(yun)山(shan)有(you)各類中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)698種(zhong)(zhong),分153科,計583屬。全國重點普(pu)查(cha)的(de)363個中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong),白(bai)云(yun)山(shan)出產(chan)(chan)192種(zhong)(zhong)。在(zai)河(he)南重點普(pu)查(cha)的(de)476個中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong),白(bai)云(yun)山(shan)出產(chan)(chan)273種(zhong)(zhong)。優(you)(you)質中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)有(you)射(she)干、桔梗(geng)、柴(chai)胡、丹參(can)、南山(shan)楂、蒼術等,大宗藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)有(you)夏枯草、南沙參(can)、半枝(zhi)蓮(lian)、益(yi)母草、金銀花、馬鞭(bian)草等。其中(zhong)(zhong),射(she)干、桔梗(geng)以量大質優(you)(you)成為(wei)北京同(tong)仁藥(yao)(yao)店(dian)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)。1982年,河(he)南省(sheng)醫藥(yao)(yao)總公(gong)司確定泌陽(yang)為(wei)射(she)干生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)縣(xian)。白(bai)云(yun)山(shan)畜牧養(yang)殖條件得天(tian)獨厚(hou),是(shi)(shi)南陽(yang)黃牛(niu)繁育(yu)基地(di)之一,是(shi)(shi)泌陽(yang)驢的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心產(chan)(chan)地(di)。
白(bai)云山(shan)(shan)廣泛(fan)分布著(zhu)白(bai)貌垛祖師廟(miao)、老爺廟(miao)、張良廟(miao)、萬僧寺(si)(si)、老崇(chong)寺(si)(si)、羅(luo)漢寺(si)(si)、龍(long)(long)潭寺(si)(si)和北泉(quan)寺(si)(si)等眾多古寺(si)(si)廟(miao),星羅(luo)棋(qi)布著(zhu)棋(qi)盤嶺、龍(long)(long)頭崖(ya)、龍(long)(long)椅、龍(long)(long)印(yin)、石(shi)船、十八扭、神仙(xian)拉車(che)、紗(sha)帽石(shi)、蛇頭石(shi)等諸多神奇(qi)景觀。城頂寨(zhai)(zhai)、闖王寨(zhai)(zhai)、大頂山(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai)、臺山(shan)(shan)寨(zhai)(zhai),寨(zhai)(zhai)寨(zhai)(zhai)相(xiang)連;火龍(long)(long)洞(dong)(dong)、羅(luo)漢洞(dong)(dong)、臺山(shan)(shan)洞(dong)(dong)、神仙(xian)洞(dong)(dong),洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)溝通。這里是(shi)神奇(qi)的(de)仙(xian)境,是(shi)人間的(de)天堂。