狼(lang)牙山(shan)(shan)(shan)東西、東南(nan)(nan)各(ge)長15公(gong)里,面積為(wei)225平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里。環山(shan)(shan)(shan)共有五坨36峰,主峰蓮花瓣(ban)海(hai)拔(ba)1105米(mi),西、北兩面均為(wei)峭(qiao)壁懸崖,山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)險(xian)峻。東、南(nan)(nan)兩面稍緩,各(ge)有一條(tiao)羊腸小路通向主峰,“閆王鼻子(zi)”、“小鬼臉(lian)”等險(xian)要之處(chu)非貼壁不可逾越。“棋盤(pan)陀”上(shang)有一小片(pian)開闊地,靠(kao)南(nan)(nan)面山(shan)(shan)(shan)崖旁有一棵古(gu)松(song),松(song)下(xia)即是(shi)“棋盤(pan)”,相傳為(wei)神仙之遺物。狼(lang)牙山(shan)有著光榮的(de)革命斗爭史(shi)篇。1941年8月,我某部(bu)六班戰(zhan)士(shi)胡德(de)林、宋學義(yi),胡福才在班長馬寶(bao)玉、副班長葛振林的(de)帶領下,為掩護主力部(bu)隊(dui)轉移,把侵華日軍牽制在狼(lang)牙山(shan)上,終(zhong)因彈(dan)盡糧絕(jue),相繼跳崖的(de)英(ying)雄壯(zhuang)舉,聞名中外。為紀念“狼(lang)牙山(shan)五壯(zhuang)士(shi)”英(ying)勇(yong)獻身的(de)精神,在山(shan)頂(ding)建有“五勇(yong)士(shi)紀念塔”。
蓮(lian)花(hua)峰,又(you)名大(da)蓮(lian)花(hua)瓣,為狼牙山主峰,海拔1105米(mi),位于狼牙山的(de)西部。
棋盤(pan)坨(tuo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)狼(lang)(lang)牙山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)之一(yi),民(min)國(guo)《易縣志稿》載:“棋盤(pan)坨(tuo)在易縣西南(nan)95里,郎山(shan)(shan)(老君(jun)堂所在的(de)(de)(de)褡褳峰(feng)(feng))之西,高數(shu)里,四周高峰(feng)(feng),一(yi)徑可入(ru)(ru),上有(you)(you)(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)棋盤(pan),又有(you)(you)(you)三池,清泉(quan)不竭。”坨(tuo)底部有(you)(you)(you)西水寨,其(qi)西南(nan)側的(de)(de)(de)峨眉山(shan)(shan)、眾軍(jun)山(shan)(shan),皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)古戰場。由西水寨攀登,可達西天(tian)(tian)門,徑路兩(liang)側山(shan)(shan)體如(ru)(ru)刀削斧劈,石(shi)(shi)(shi)筍如(ru)(ru)寶(bao)瓶。西天(tian)(tian)門附近,有(you)(you)(you)紅瑪瑙巖溶洞(dong)(dong),原名“天(tian)(tian)井”。過(guo)了(le)西天(tian)(tian)門,多處奇峰(feng)(feng)、怪石(shi)(shi)(shi)、洞(dong)(dong)穴。如(ru)(ru)棒(bang)槌崖、黃(huang)(huang)羅傘、老虎(hu)洞(dong)(dong)、老虎(hu)嘴、飲虎(hu)池、相(xiang)思谷、仙女泉(quan)、無底洞(dong)(dong)、鎮妖石(shi)(shi)(shi),奇特(te)的(de)(de)(de)陰陽(yang)石(shi)(shi)(shi),陽(yang)面(mian)(mian)似武將,陰面(mian)(mian)猶如(ru)(ru)仕(shi)女,當地(di)人(ren)稱“媳(xi)婦頭”。沿2900級登天(tian)(tian)梯石(shi)(shi)(shi)階,達棋盤(pan)坨(tuo),坨(tuo)頂建狼(lang)(lang)牙山(shan)(shan)五壯士塔,塔西的(de)(de)(de)小蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)峰(feng)(feng)(小蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)瓣),即五壯士跳崖處。蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)峰(feng)(feng)與(yu)小石(shi)(shi)(shi)林、紅云崖等(deng)自(zi)然景觀毗連。坨(tuo)西有(you)(you)(you)胭脂湖。據《易縣志稿》載,坨(tuo)西南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)眾軍(jun)山(shan)(shan)下為(wei)(wei)(wei)馬蘭澗,人(ren)不能入(ru)(ru)。其(qi)南(nan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃(huang)(huang)伯陽(yang)洞(dong)(dong),另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)倒掛蓮(lian)(lian)花(hua)洞(dong)(dong),明建文三年(nian)(1401年(nian)),燕王(wang)朱(zhu)棣屯軍(jun)處。坨(tuo)北有(you)(you)(you)天(tian)(tian)險閻王(wang)鼻子、小鬼臉。
石棋(qi)(qi)盤,又名仙弈(yi)石,位于(yu)棋(qi)(qi)盤陀上(shang)。相(xiang)傳王禪、孫臏弈(yi)棋(qi)(qi)時,一(yi)青(qing)年樵夫(fu)觀(guan)棋(qi)(qi),觀(guan)完弈(yi)棋(qi)(qi),驢已成(cheng)骨灰,回(hui)至家中,故(gu)人皆無,其妻尋夫(fu)年復一(yi)年而亡,化作石人,人稱(cheng)(cheng)此地為“女思谷”。棋(qi)(qi)盤坨山下南(nan)管頭有(you)北魏太(tai)(tai)延元年(435年)太(tai)(tai)武帝拓(tuo)跋(ba)燾東(dong)巡時的(de)御(yu)(yu)射(she)碑(bei)。《水(shui)經(jing)注碑(bei)錄》附御(yu)(yu)射(she)碑(bei)拓(tuo)片圖(tu),圖(tu)右上(shang)角有(you)考(kao)古金石學家羅振玉題跋(ba)。歷(li)史學家傅振倫著(zhu)文(wen)稱(cheng)(cheng)“這(zhe)是(shi)易縣較古的(de)石刻,在河(he)(he)北亦頗少見”。“御(yu)(yu)射(she)碑(bei)高(gao)六尺(chi),廣(guang)二(er)尺(chi)三寸余,書法是(shi)魏碑(bei)中上(shang)乘之(zhi)作,似爨(cuan)龍顏碑(bei)”。酈道(dao)元《水(shui)經(jing)注》稱(cheng)(cheng),“徐(xu)(xu)水(shui)(漕河(he)(he))三源齊發,齊瀉一(yi)澗(jian)(漕河(he)(he)上(shang)游有(you)三源,至南(nan)管頭匯成(cheng)),東(dong)流北轉經(jing)東(dong)山下,水(shui)西有(you)御(yu)(yu)射(she)碑(bei)。徐(xu)(xu)水(shui)又北流西屈經(jing)南(nan)山下,水(shui)陰又一(yi)碑(bei)。徐(xu)(xu)水(shui)又隨山南(nan)轉經(jing)東(dong)崖下水(shui)際又有(you)一(yi)碑(bei)。凡此三銘,皆翼對(dui)層巒,巖(yan)障深(shen)高(gao),壁(bi)立(li)霞峙(zhi)。石文(wen)曰:‘皇帝以(yi)太(tai)(tai)延元年十二(er)月,車駕(jia)東(dong)巡,經(jing)五回(hui)(嶺)之(zhi)險邃,覽崇岸之(zhi)竦峙(zhi),乃停駕(jia)路側(ce),援弓而射(she)之(zhi),飛矢逾于(yu)山巖(yan),刊石用贊元功(gong)’。夾(jia)碑(bei)并(bing)有(you)層臺二(er)所,即御(yu)(yu)射(she)處也。碑(bei)陰皆刻樹碑(bei)官名”。
蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)祠,位于蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)上(shang),為(wei)(wei)北魏時(shi)期(qi)建,祀黃帝(di)元妃嫘祖,因(yin)她(ta)教民植桑養(yang)蠶(can),被(bei)祀為(wei)(wei)蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)圣母。由西山北村(cun)北行上(shang)山,登蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo),途經萬杏山莊,過南(nan)天門,達蠟燭峰,即(ji)蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)。蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)北有玉皇(huang)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo),南(nan)有龍(long)門坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo),東有仙人(ren)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo),西有松樹(shu)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo),與五(wu)指坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)遙(yao)相對稱(cheng)。蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)原有靈(ling)峰院、玉皇(huang)廟、天王殿(dian)、五(wu)帝(di)殿(dian)、三官廟、蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)殿(dian)等廟宇40余間。靈(ling)峰院規模較(jiao)大,蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)殿(dian)即(ji)在院內。五(wu)代后晉時(shi)期(qi),易州(zhou)陷入遼國,蠶(can)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)廟主持孫(sun)深(shen)意故后,該地稱(cheng)狼山寨,其侄(zhi)孫(sun)方(fang)諫(jian)、孫(sun)行友兄(xiong)弟以(yi)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)姑(gu)(gu)(gu)坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)為(wei)(wei)寨,抗擊遼軍。北宋時(shi)期(qi),遼軍入侵,此坨(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)為(wei)(wei)邊防要地,遼軍南(nan)侵,狼山寨首當其沖。
老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)堂(tang)(tang),即漢武帝太子(zi)劉據(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)避難處(chu),郎山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)名由(you)此得來。在(zai)(zai)(zai)褡褳峰半山(shan)(shan)腰,依天(tian)然山(shan)(shan)洞而(er)建,供奉道教(jiao)三清(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)太上(shang)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)(老(lao)(lao)子(zi)李聃(dan)),因建于懸(xuan)崖(ya),又稱懸(xuan)空(kong)寺。傳燕昭王好仙(xian)道,曾派人在(zai)(zai)(zai)此建殿煉丹。到老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)堂(tang)(tang),先(xian)要過仙(xian)人橋,為兩崖(ya)間一(yi)木(mu)板橋,行其(qi)上(shang),搖(yao)搖(yao)晃晃,飄飄欲仙(xian)。崖(ya)下幽(you)谷(gu),深不可測(ce),傳為道士們超度(du)升天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)地。過橋后(hou),有拱形月亮門,門口一(yi)清(qing)泉,常年(nian)清(qing)澈不竭,泉周松(song)竹環繞(rao),蘆葦叢生。月亮門內即老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)堂(tang)(tang),院內有米墻、黃瓦殿宇及齋(zhai)房數間。老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)堂(tang)(tang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)萬丈懸(xuan)崖(ya),地勢險要,民國(guo)三十年(nian)(1941年(nian))9月八路軍在(zai)(zai)(zai)狼牙(ya)山(shan)(shan)阻(zu)擊日(ri)軍,一(yi)分(fen)區(qu)一(yi)團七連掩護(hu)數萬名干部、群眾突圍(wei)的(de)(de)指揮部,設在(zai)(zai)(zai)老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)堂(tang)(tang),指揮棋盤坨、蠶(can)姑坨及老(lao)(lao)君(jun)(jun)堂(tang)(tang)附近(jin)抗(kang)擊日(ri)軍的(de)(de)戰斗(dou)。
仙人橋(qiao)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)深(shen)谷,名迷(mi)魂谷。谷內奇(qi)石林立,頂部有(you)數千只小銅鈴錯落垂下(xia)(xia),風吹鈴聲(sheng)悅耳。距仙人橋(qiao)不遠有(you)一(yi)(yi)小徑,只容一(yi)(yi)人擦(ca)身(shen)而過,兩側峭壁兀(wu)立對峙,只見(jian)一(yi)(yi)縷青天(tian),不見(jian)陽(yang)光,此徑名一(yi)(yi)線天(tian)。
燕(yan)王(wang)(wang)仙(xian)(xian)臺為(wei)(wei)狼牙山東(dong)北之(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)臺,有(you)三峰,舊言燕(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)求(qiu)仙(xian)(xian)處,又(you)名燕(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)仙(xian)(xian)臺。《太平廣記》卷二載:“燕(yan)王(wang)(wang)即(ji)位,好神仙(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),仙(xian)(xian)人甘需為(wei)(wei)王(wang)(wang)述昆臺登真之(zhi)(zhi)事(在(zai)昆侖山登仙(xian)(xian)),去嗜(shi)欲,撤聲(sheng)色,無思無為(wei)(wei),可以致道(dao)”。之(zhi)(zhi)后,谷將子(zi)告王(wang)(wang)曰:“西王(wang)(wang)母(mu)將降,觀(guan)爾之(zhi)(zhi)所修,示爾以靈玄之(zhi)(zhi)要”。后一年,王(wang)(wang)母(mu)果至,與王(wang)(wang)游燧林(燕(yan)王(wang)(wang)仙(xian)(xian)臺)之(zhi)(zhi)下。
2001年,狼牙(ya)山五勇士陳列(lie)館建(jian)成,由楊成武將軍親筆(bi)名(ming),占地(di)面積816平(ping)方(fang)米,建(jian)筑(zhu)面積1300平(ping)方(fang)米,整個陳列(lie)有(you)效展線長達109.5米,分(fen)為(wei)狼牙(ya)山根(gen)據(ju)地(di)的(de)創(chuang)建(jian)與發展,五勇士血戰狼牙(ya)山和(he)(he)崇高的(de)榮(rong)譽與永恒(heng)的(de)紀(ji)念三部分(fen),運(yun)用了110多幅照片和(he)(he)98件(jian)實(shi)物再(zai)現(xian)60年前狼牙(ya)山五勇士和(he)(he)老區人民并(bing)肩浴血奮戰的(de)烽火歲月。陳列(lie)館2002年“五一”對外開放(fang),成為(wei)狼牙(ya)山愛國主義教(jiao)育(yu)基(ji)地(di)又一革命傳統(tong)教(jiao)育(yu)場所。
狼(lang)(lang)牙山(shan)(shan)紅瑪瑙溶洞(dong)(dong)在(zai)西天(tian)門(men)景點附(fu)近,是1992年(nian)4月28日由東西水(shui)村(cun)三(san)位村(cun)民發現。狼(lang)(lang)牙山(shan)(shan)整個山(shan)(shan)體由石灰巖構(gou)成,眾多的溶洞(dong)(dong)構(gou)成狼(lang)(lang)牙山(shan)(shan)一大(da)奇觀(guan)。此洞(dong)(dong)原名“天(tian)井(jing)”,據(ju)傳是王禪(chan)老祖打坐參禪(chan)的洞(dong)(dong)天(tian)福地。洞(dong)(dong)分五(wu)層,由北向(xiang)南斜(xie)下走向(xiang),第一層為(wei)30米豎井(jing),第二層為(wei)褐色石筍夾雜白色鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石。三(san)四層均(jun)為(wei)乳(ru)白色或(huo)琥珀色鐘(zhong)乳(ru)石。洞(dong)(dong)內還有(you)一海(hai)(hai)馬化石,年(nian)代尚未考證。三(san)層中(zhong)一乳(ru)白色石柱(zhu)體,上(shang)(shang)有(you)石帽蓋,下有(you)底座,六(liu)棱(leng)柱(zhu),酷似(si)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)的五(wu)勇士(shi)紀念塔(ta)。第五(wu)層有(you)一暗河(he)河(he)道(dao),下有(you)洞(dong)(dong)口,據(ju)傳與(yu)東海(hai)(hai)相通,稱為(wei)海(hai)(hai)眼,因洞(dong)(dong)口小(xiao),無法入內。
從保定出發:
1、保(bao)定—滿城—山北—獨(du)樂—嶺東—狼牙山
2、保定—滿城—石井—坨南—獨(du)樂—嶺東(dong)—狼牙山
從北京出發:
從(cong)六里橋上(shang)(shang)京港澳高(gao)速(su)(G4),轉(zhuan)上(shang)(shang)京昆高(gao)速(su)(G5),“易(yi)縣(xian)、滿城”出口(kou)下高(gao)速(su)交費后左轉(zhuan)(滿城方(fang)向)沿易(yi)(縣(xian))滿(城縣(xian))路向西南順狼(lang)牙(ya)山路標行駛45千米抵(di)達狼(lang)牙(ya)山下,開車上(shang)(shang)坡抵(di)狼(lang)牙(ya)山停車場。
從天津出發:
從天(tian)津津保高(gao)速公路,轉(zhuan)上京珠(zhu)高(gao)速公路(北京方向),高(gao)碑(bei)店交費下(xia)道,經112國道和(he)易(縣)滿(城縣)路抵(di)達狼牙山下(xia),開車(che)上坡抵(di)狼牙山停車(che)場。
市區內乘坐出租(zu)車(che)可(ke)以先從(cong)保定或石家莊(zhuang)乘汽車(che)至易(yi)縣,然后可(ke)在縣城包車(che)去狼牙山。
狼(lang)牙(ya)(ya)山位于太行山東(dong)麓(lu)易縣西(xi)南36千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),地處(chu)京、津、保三角區,距保定市區45千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),距北(bei)(bei)京160千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),天津220千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)。為西(xi)南—東(dong)北(bei)(bei)走向,其范(fan)圍西(xi)至漕(cao)河(he)縱向河(he)谷的(de)五勇村、甘(gan)河(he)、貓爾巖一線(xian),南至管頭、婁(lou)山、西(xi)山北(bei)(bei)一線(xian),東(dong)至勝利南渠的(de)燕王(wang)嶺、野沃、狼(lang)牙(ya)(ya)山林(lin)場(chang),中心地理坐標位于東(dong)經115"15'38"~115"15'44”,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)390'33”~39'0'41"之間(jian)。東(dong)西(xi)走向25千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),南北(bei)(bei)間(jian)15千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),面積有225平方千(qian)(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)。
狼牙(ya)山(shan)(shan)地貌復雜,由(you)5坨36峰(feng)組(zu)成,大部(bu)分山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)海拔(ba)500~800米(mi)(mi)。主峰(feng)蓮花峰(feng)(大蓮花瓣(ban))海拔(ba)1105米(mi)(mi),位(wei)于(yu)狼牙(ya)山(shan)(shan)的西部(bu),東部(bu)為蠶姑坨。
狼牙山屬(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶半濕潤季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候,春季(ji)(ji)(ji)干燥,多風(feng)(feng)少雨(yu),夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎熱(re),雨(yu)量集中,秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)涼爽(shuang),雨(yu)量不定(ding),冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷,降水稀少,歷年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)11.9C,全(quan)年(nian)相對濕度63%。
狼牙山屬華北植(zhi)物區系,在中國植(zhi)被區劃上(shang)屬暖溫帶落葉闊葉林區。有植(zhi)物資源(yuan)96科325屬817種。植(zhi)被隨海拔變化呈較明顯的(de)垂直(zhi)分布,海拔700米以(yi)(yi)下為(wei)人(ren)工油松(song)、刺槐林和(he)以(yi)(yi)山皂莢、荊條為(wei)主的(de)灌木(mu)林;海拔700米以(yi)(yi)上(shang)為(wei)天然次生林和(he)人(ren)工林,植(zhi)被類型(xing)較多且垂直(zhi)分布較明顯。
狼牙(ya)山主要動(dong)(dong)物有哺乳綱、鳥綱、爬行綱、兩棲綱共(gong)121種(zhong),昆蟲(chong)1000余種(zhong),有蒼鷹、鳶、雀鷹、白(bai)尾鷂、鵲(que)鷂等國家(jia)二級保護動(dong)(dong)物。