普定(ding)水電站位于烏江(jiang)上游(you)(you)南(nan)源三(san)岔河的中(zhong)游(you)(you)、貴州省普定(ding)縣境內,距貴陽(yang)市131km。本工程以 發電為主(zhu),兼(jian)有供水、灌(guan)溉、養殖及旅游(you)(you)等(deng)綜合效益。電站裝機(ji)容(rong)量7.5萬kW(3×2.5),保證(zheng)出力(li)1.5萬kW,年平均(jun)發電量3.4億(yi)kW·h,主(zhu)要滿足普定(ding)、織(zhi)金(jin)等(deng)地區用電,還可(ke)增加下(xia)游(you)(you)東風、烏江(jiang)渡等(deng)電站保證(zheng)出力(li)約(yue)4萬kW。
歷史
介紹
普定水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)于(yu)1995年(nian)建(jian)成發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian),裝有3臺(tai)25MW水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)。設(she)計多年(nian)平(ping)均發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)3.16kW.h,年(nian)利用(yong)小時約4,213h。從普定水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)1996年(nian)至2003年(nian)運行情況看,8年(nian)間水(shui)庫累計來水(shui)量(liang)327.8億立(li)方米,其中(zhong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)水(shui)195.66億立(li)方米,占總來水(shui)量(liang)的(de)59.7%,泄洪棄水(shui)132.14億立(li)方米,占總來水(shui)量(liang)的(de)40.3%。為提高水(shui)能資源的(de)利用(yong)率,有利于(yu)上下游電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)協調運行,董事(shi)會建(jian)議,開展普定水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)擴機(ji)(ji)1臺(tai)50MW發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)的(de)前期準(zhun)備工作。
發展
普(pu)定水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)下游為(wei)(wei)引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan),該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)裝(zhuang)有(you)3臺120MW水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)動機,已(yi)于2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)實現投產發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)具有(you)季調節(jie)性(xing)能,正常蓄水(shui)(shui)位1,086m,死水(shui)(shui)位1,052m,裝(zhuang)機容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)360MW,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)最大引(yin)(yin)用(yong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)435立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)。普(pu)定水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)最大引(yin)(yin)用(yong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)188立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),兩者(zhe)相(xiang)差247立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),而普(pu)定至引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡的區間(jian)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)僅18.8立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao)。 普(pu)定水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)擴機后(hou),將增加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的引(yin)(yin)用(yong)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),提高引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)頭和發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效益,有(you)利(li)于引(yin)(yin)子(zi)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的日運行方(fang)式,同(tong)時(shi)有(you)利(li)于提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。擴機規模裝(zhuang)機1臺50MW,年(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約5,000萬(wan)kwh以上,單位電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)度投資(zi)(zi)(zi)約1.6元/kwh左右。經初步測算(suan),擴機工程投資(zi)(zi)(zi)約10,000萬(wan)元,資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)來源于自有(you)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin)。工程于1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)列入國家(jia)年(nian)(nian)(nian)度基(ji)建(jian)(jian)計劃開工項目,工程由國家(jia)能源投資(zi)(zi)(zi)公(gong)司(si)與貴(gui)州省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力局(ju)合資(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。由貴(gui)州省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力局(ju)負責工程建(jian)(jian)設(she)及籌集(ji)資(zi)(zi)(zi)金(jin),并(bing)履行業主職(zhi)責。 主體工程量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang):土(tu)石方(fang)開挖為(wei)(wei)27萬(wan)余(yu)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)為(wei)(wei)21萬(wan)余(yu)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi),總工期4年(nian)(nian)(nian),總投資(zi)(zi)(zi)1.93億元。
庫區地形地質
庫區地處灰巖地區,巖溶發育。庫區兩岸有相對隔水層包圍,且北與六沖河、南與北盤江均有地下分水嶺存在,水位高程均遠高于正常蓄水位,不會產生鄰谷滲漏。岸坡基巖成層分布,傾角平緩(huan),不存在岸坡坍滑(hua)問題。壩(ba)址位于灰(hui)巖(yan)和白云巖(yan)地段,兩(liang)岸陡(dou)峻,巖(yan)層走向N35°~40°E,傾向NW,傾角18°~20°。壩(ba)址主要斷層(ceng)有20條(tiao),大多為高角度平移(yi)斷層(ceng),斷距小,影響帶窄,規模不大,延伸不遠,且大多膠(jiao)結良好(hao)。大壩帷(wei)幕采用懸掛布置,處(chu)理深度以單位吸水(shui)率小于(yu)3Alu(呂容(rong))的界限(xian)(xian)為(wei)下限(xian)(xian)。壩區地震烈(lie)度為(wei)6度。
設計
壩(ba)址控制流(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積5871平(ping)方(fang)公里。流(liu)(liu)域(yu)內雨量豐沛,多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)降水量1181mm。壩(ba)址實(shi)測(ce)最大流(liu)(liu)量 為3380立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,實(shi)測(ce)最小(xiao)流(liu)(liu)量為8.8立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,壩(ba)址多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)量為38.8億立方(fang)米(mi)(mi),多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均流(liu)(liu)量為 123立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)輸沙(sha)量為406萬t,多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均懸沙(sha)量為1.042kg/立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。
庫區地處(chu)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)地區,巖(yan)(yan)(yan)溶發(fa)育。庫區兩岸(an)有(you)相對隔水層包圍(wei),且(qie)北與(yu)六(liu)沖河、南(nan)與(yu)北盤江(jiang)均有(you) 地下(xia)分水嶺存在,水位高程均遠(yuan)高于(yu)正常蓄水位,不(bu)(bu)會(hui)產生鄰谷滲漏。岸(an)坡(po)基巖(yan)(yan)(yan)成層分布,傾角(jiao)平(ping)緩,不(bu)(bu)存在岸(an)坡(po)坍滑問題。壩址位于(yu)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和白云巖(yan)(yan)(yan)地段(duan),兩岸(an)陡峻(jun),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)層走向(xiang)N35°-40°E,傾向(xiang)NW,傾角(jiao)18°-20°。壩址主要斷(duan)層有(you)20條,大(da)多(duo)為(wei)高角(jiao)度(du)平(ping)移斷(duan)層,斷(duan)距小(xiao),影響帶(dai)窄(zhai),規模(mo)不(bu)(bu)大(da),延伸不(bu)(bu)遠(yuan),且(qie)大(da)多(duo)膠結(jie)良好。大(da)壩帷幕采(cai)用(yong)懸掛布置,處(chu)理深度(du)以單位吸水率小(xiao)于(yu)3Alu(呂容)的界限(xian)為(wei)下(xia)限(xian)。壩區地震烈度(du)為(wei)6度(du)。
水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)位為1145m,總庫(ku)容(rong)4.2億立(li)方米,庫(ku)區淹沒面積為14平方公里,遷移人口5466人,淹沒耕(geng)地7600畝。整個樞紐(niu)由(you)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)混凝土拱(gong)壩(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)溢洪道、沖沙孔、右岸引水(shui)(shui)式地面廠房等建筑(zhu)物組成。大壩(ba)(ba)采用單心圓拱(gong)壩(ba)(ba),呈不對(dui)稱布置,右岸設(she)有(you)30m長(chang)的重(zhong)力墩。中(zhong)部設(she)有(you)4孔寬12.5m、高16m的表孔,采用高低坎(kan)分流(liu)對(dui)撞消能。最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)高75m,壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)弧長(chang)165.67,壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)總長(chang)195.67,壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬6.3,厚高比(bi)為1∶0.386。筑(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)采用高摻粉(fen)煤灰(hui)低水(shui)(shui)泥(ni)用量干硬(ying)性碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)混凝土,并(bing)由(you)碾(nian)(nian)壓(ya)混凝土自身防(fang)滲。壩(ba)(ba)體混凝土量13萬余立(li)方米。
右(you)岸引水系統由進(jin)水塔、引水隧洞、壓(ya)力斜(xie)井和壓(ya)力管道(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),全長290m,最大洞徑8m。岔(cha)管采用鋼筋混凝土岔(cha)管。廠(chang)房位于壩下(xia)游160m處,由主機間(jian)、安裝(zhuang)間(jian)、上游副廠(chang)房、左副廠(chang)房,進(jin)廠(chang)交(jiao)通洞及電梯塔組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。
由于河谷狹窄,洪枯水位(wei)變幅(fu)大,廠(chang)(chang)房采(cai)用(yong)半(ban)封(feng)閉式(shi)布(bu)置。長(chang)76.6,最大寬(kuan)32.6。開關站布(bu)置在廠(chang)(chang)房后(hou)坡,長(chang)120m,寬(kuan)38m。施工導(dao)(dao)流采(cai)用(yong)隧(sui)洞(dong)導(dao)(dao)流方(fang)案(an),導(dao)(dao)流設計(ji)流量為560立方(fang)米/秒。上(shang)、下游圍(wei)堰(yan)為土石過水圍(wei)堰(yan),最大堰(yan)高19.5。導(dao)(dao)流洞(dong)全長(chang)470m,洞(dong)身不襯砌。
運行發電
由國(guo)電紅楓水力(li)發(fa)電廠代管的普定水電站發(fa)電量(liang)已(yi)達(da)到3.141548億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi),提前67天(tian)圓滿完成年計劃3.14億(yi)千瓦(wa)時(shi)的發(fa)電任務。
三岔河流域降雨(yu)相對平穩,來水(shui)基本接近正常(chang)年份,水(shui)庫運行情(qing)況正常(chang)。水(shui)庫來水(shui)量共計320413.7萬立(li)方米(mi),比去年同期(qi)多(duo)75475.2萬立(li)方米(mi)。汛期(qi),電(dian)站與水(shui)工(gong)值班人(ren)員密切配合,合理調(diao)度水(shui)庫,充分(fen)利(li)用(yong)發(fa)電(dian)“消(xiao)水(shui)”,合理利(li)用(yong)沖沙底(di)孔泄水(shui),采用(yong)“多(duo)開少放”的方法,將(jiang)水(shui)庫維持(chi)在較(jiao)高水(shui)位運行,在多(duo)蓄(xu)了(le)水(shui)的同時(shi),也(ye)提(ti)高了(le)水(shui)能利(li)用(yong)率,為電(dian)站多(duo)發(fa)電(dian)奠(dian)定了(le)基礎。
在(zai)總(zong)廠的(de)統一(yi)安(an)排和指(zhi)導下,電(dian)站配合(he)機電(dian)公司(si)在(zai)汛前完成了(le)1號(hao)機大(da)(da)修、1號(hao)蝶閥大(da)(da)修等大(da)(da)型工作,消除了(le)影響(xiang)安(an)全生產(chan)的(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)缺陷,確保了(le)主設備(bei)的(de)安(an)全可靠(kao)性(xing);通過全站職工共同努力(li)(li),認真(zhen)開展以(yi)“加強管(guan)理、確保安(an)全、提(ti)高(gao)效益”為目標的(de)“管(guan)理效益年(nian)活(huo)動”,高(gao)度重(zhong)視安(an)全生產(chan)及計量管(guan)理工作,加強設備(bei)消缺及運(yun)行維護管(guan)理,為發電(dian)任務的(de)完成提(ti)供了(le)有力(li)(li)的(de)保證。
技術維修
水電(dian)站對液(ye)壓(ya)啟閉機(ji)(ji)進(jin)行了改(gai)造(zao)和(he)(he)維修。有(you)關專(zhuan)家結(jie)合普定水電(dian)站液(ye)壓(ya)啟閉機(ji)(ji)改(gai)造(zao)和(he)(he)維修工作的經(jing)驗,解(jie)決了液(ye)壓(ya)啟閉機(ji)(ji)閘門開啟至工作高位時啟閉機(ji)(ji)不能(neng)鎖定、閘門下(xia)滑(hua)量(liang)很大的原因,并介紹相應解(jie)決問題的措施。