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歷史地位

大伙房是中國第一個五年計劃中的第一個大型水庫，是當時全國第二大水庫，現已成為沈陽、撫順兩大城市居民飲用水的重要水源地。大伙房水庫歷史悠久，早在春秋戰國時期就有人在這里生息，至今仍留有大量歷史遺跡。

根據2002年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)和(he)(he)9月(yue)(yue)的調查,大伙房水(shui)(shui)庫浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)共35屬(shu)(shu)(shu)61種(zhong),其(qi)中原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)10屬(shu)(shu)(shu)18種(zhong)、輪蟲(chong)9科(ke)13屬(shu)(shu)(shu)24種(zhong)、枝(zhi)角(jiao)類5科(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)13種(zhong)、橈足類2科(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)6種(zhong),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為17 677個/L和(he)(he)2.0647 mg/L,數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)以(yi)急游(you)蟲(chong)、俠盜(dao)蟲(chong)、長肢多肢輪蟲(chong)、螺(luo)形龜甲輪蟲(chong)、透(tou)明溞(sao)和(he)(he)近(jin)鄰劍(jian)水(shui)(shui)蚤最多.浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)的數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)時空分(fen)布較明顯,時間上6月(yue)(yue)為數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)峰,而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)9月(yue)(yue)為高(gao)(gao)峰;水(shui)(shui)平(ping)分(fen)布中游(you)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)最低,下游(you)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)均(jun)最高(gao)(gao).水(shui)(shui)庫浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)每年(nian)可為浮(fu)游(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)食性魚(yu)類提供793 t魚(yu)產力(li).

位于遼河(he)支流渾河(he)中上游，遼寧省撫順(shun)市境內，距撫順(shun)市18km，距沈陽市68km，是一座防洪、供(gong)水、灌(guan)溉、發電、養魚等綜合利用的大型水利工程。

工程概況

大(da)壩(ba)(ba)為碾壓式(shi)黏土(tu)(tu)心墻復式(shi)斷(duan)面(mian)土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)139.2m，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)49.2m，壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)1366.7m。二(er)壩(ba)(ba)最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)31.4m，壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)327.9m。兩壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)皆(jie)設(she)有(you)1m高(gao)(gao)的防(fang)浪墻。三(san)壩(ba)(ba)為均質土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)140.7m，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)10m，壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)85m。主溢洪(hong)(hong)道為直泄陡槽(cao)式(shi)，底(di)坎(kan)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)為125m，裝有(you)5扇10.4m×7m的弧形(xing)閘門(men)。第(di)一非(fei)常(chang)溢洪(hong)(hong)道為真空(kong)堰(yan)，堰(yan)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)134m，前緣長(chang)(chang)180m。第(di)二(er)非(fei)常(chang)溢洪(hong)(hong)道為寬(kuan)頂(ding)(ding)堰(yan)，堰(yan)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)130m，前緣長(chang)(chang)150m，堰(yan)頂(ding)(ding)設(she)有(you)自潰式(shi)土(tu)(tu)堤，堤頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)139m。輸水(shui)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)進(jin)口底(di)板(ban)(ban)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)94m，洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)徑6.5m，主洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)長(chang)(chang)251m，進(jin)口設(she)有(you)兩扇高(gao)(gao)壓檢修(xiu)門(men)，主洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)末端有(you)一支洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和二(er)支洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。一支洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)末端設(she)有(you)水(shui)力發電站，裝機容量(liang)3.2萬kW；二(er)支洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為泄洪(hong)(hong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，出口裝有(you)2扇平板(ban)(ban)閘門(men)。樞紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)累計土(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)874.2萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米，石方(fang)(fang)(fang)224.5萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米，混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)12萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米，鋼材2781t，水(shui)泥(ni)19249t，木材8萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于(yu)1954年4月(yue)開工(gong)(gong)，1958年9月(yue)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)并投入(ru)使用。

改革(ge)開放以來，大伙房(fang)水(shui)庫以建(jian)設和諧水(shui)庫為(wei)目標(biao)，以先進性教育為(wei)契機，把精神文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設貫穿于生(sheng)產經營的(de)(de)各個環節，收到(dao)了內增(zeng)凝(ning)聚力(li)、外增(zeng)吸引力(li)、提高向心(xin)力(li)、發(fa)展生(sheng)產力(li)的(de)(de)良好效果，三個文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設又有新的(de)(de)突破，為(wei)遼寧經濟(ji)的(de)(de)發(fa)展和老工業基地的(de)(de)振(zhen)興作出(chu)了巨大貢獻(xian)。

近10年，水庫的(de)水質基本上維持在(zai)國家二類(lei)水的(de)標(biao)準上。

為從根本上(shang)解(jie)決水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)短(duan)缺問題，國家2001年批復了大(da)(da)(da)伙(huo)房水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)一期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，2005年批復了二期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。大(da)(da)(da)伙(huo)房水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)年調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)18億(yi)立方(fang)米，總投資(zi)103億(yi)元(yuan)，將(jiang)解(jie)決遼(liao)寧中部撫順(shun)、沈(shen)陽、遼(liao)陽、鞍山、營口(kou)、盤錦6城市工(gong)(gong)(gong)業(ye)及居民生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。大(da)(da)(da)連市預將(jiang)從鞍山取水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)取用來自撫順(shun)大(da)(da)(da)伙(huo)房水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，預計(ji)2007年開工(gong)(gong)(gong)。二期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是目前國內管(guan)道(dao)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)距離最長、輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)最大(da)(da)(da)、供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)式最復雜的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，設計(ji)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)42個月(yue)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)概算投資(zi)49.06億(yi)元(yuan)。

遼寧大伙(huo)房水(shui)庫輸水(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)工程(cheng) 直徑(jing)8m，連(lian)續(xu)全長85.3km，是(shi)世(shi)界(jie)上最長的連(lian)續(xu)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)。2003年(nian)開工建設(she)，本(ben)工程(cheng)具有隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)(dong)長度(du)長、斷面大、單機(ji)(ji)掘進距離長、支洞(dong)(dong)坡度(du)大、存在不良地質（斷層、溶洞(dong)(dong)、涌水(shui)等(deng)），本(ben)工程(cheng)使用(yong)隧(sui)(sui)道掘進機(ji)(ji)施工，連(lian)續(xu)皮帶機(ji)(ji)出渣，2008年(nian)貫通(tong)，2009年(nian)9月正(zheng)式竣(jun)工通(tong)水(shui)。