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概述

大花水水電站大壩(ba)(拋物線雙曲(qu)拱壩(ba)+左岸重力(li)壩(ba))位于高山峽谷區,壩(ba)址(zhi)兩(liang)岸山壁陡(dou)(dou)峭,混(hun)(hun)凝土入倉布置困難。根據該(gai)工程特(te)有的(de)地形條件,在(zai)重力(li)壩(ba)左岸邊坡(po)(po)(po)分(fen)二期(qi)(qi)布置了(le)3條負壓溜(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan),即一期(qi)(qi)底(di)線采(cai)用(yong)了(le)800mm寬的(de)膠帶(dai)機和(he)2條負壓溜(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan);二期(qi)(qi)高線采(cai)用(yong)了(le)1000 mm寬的(de)膠帶(dai)機和(he)1條負壓溜(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan);拱壩(ba)混(hun)(hun)凝土的(de)入倉則主要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)了(le)緩(huan)(huan)降溜(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)(由于拱壩(ba)兩(liang)岸邊坡(po)(po)(po)較(jiao)陡(dou)(dou),平均(jun)角度70°,普通負壓溜(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)不適用(yong)于此種高陡(dou)(dou)邊坡(po)(po)(po)輸送碾(nian)壓混(hun)(hun)凝土)。采(cai)用(yong)緩(huan)(huan)降溜(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan)輸送碾(nian)壓混(hun)(hun)凝土不僅可保證質量,而且(qie)在(zai)輸送強(qiang)度、安裝(zhuang)工期(qi)(qi)、安裝(zhuang)及運行成本等多方(fang)面均(jun)優于負壓溜(liu)(liu)(liu)管(guan),為拱壩(ba)快速施工打下了(le)基礎(chu)。

工程介紹

大(da)花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電站位于貴州省開陽縣與福泉市交界(jie)處、清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河中游(you)峽谷河段內，為(wei)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河干流水(shui)(shui)電梯級(ji)開發的(de)第三(san)級(ji)。電站總裝機(ji)容量(liang)200MW，總投資14億元。攔河大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)拋(pao)物線(xian)雙曲(qu)拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)+重力(li)墩，左岸(an)(an)為(wei)重力(li)墩，右岸(an)(an)為(wei)雙曲(qu)拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)，大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)總長(chang)287.56米，最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高134.50米，厚(hou)高比(bi)0.171，是國內在建(jian)的(de)最(zui)高碾壓混凝土雙曲(qu)薄拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)設有兩個(ge)泄洪中孔和三(san)個(ge)溢流表孔，在拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)下游(you)還布置了一(yi)個(ge)集水(shui)(shui)井(jing)和一(yi)個(ge)吊物井(jing)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)設置兩條誘導縫(feng)，兩岸(an)(an)設置周邊短縫(feng)，拱(gong)(gong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)較高且體(ti)型(xing)結構(gou)復(fu)雜。

樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程主要由碾(nian)壓凝土拱壩(ba)、左岸重力墩、壩(ba)頂開(kai)敞式溢流表空、泄(xie)洪(hong)兼(jian)沖沙中(zhong)孔、左岸引水(shui)系(xi)統及(ji)地面廠房、開(kai)關站等組成。工(gong)(gong)程總工(gong)(gong)期3年零8個月(yue)(yue)，其中(zhong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備期10個月(yue)(yue)，主體工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)期2年零5個月(yue)(yue)。工(gong)(gong)程關鍵施(shi)工(gong)(gong)線路為引水(shui)隧(sui)洞和大壩(ba)的填筑施(shi)工(gong)(gong)。

大花水(shui)為(wei)梯(ti)(ti)級(ji)開(kai)發(fa)規劃的(de)第(di)三(san)個梯(ti)(ti)級(ji)。清水(shui)河梯(ti)(ti)級(ji)水(shui)電開(kai)發(fa)是烏江(jiang)(jiang)公(gong)司(si)首次采(cai)用(yong)多元投(tou)資貴州中小型水(shui)電的(de)嘗試,投(tou)資方分別為(wei)烏江(jiang)(jiang)公(gong)司(si)、貴州騰元電力(li)發(fa)展有(you)限(xian)責任公(gong)司(si)、貴陽勘測設(she)計研究院、貴州黔能天和礦(kuang)業有(you)限(xian)公(gong)司(si)、開(kai)陽縣。

工程設計

樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)主(zhu)要由碾壓凝土(tu)(tu)拱(gong)壩(ba)、左(zuo)岸(an)重力墩、壩(ba)頂(ding)開敞式溢流表空、泄洪兼沖沙(sha)中孔、左(zuo)岸(an)引(yin)水(shui)系統及地面廠房、開關(guan)站(zhan)等(deng)組(zu)成。包含清水(shui)河大(da)橋、3#公路(lu)、引(yin)水(shui)隧洞(dong)2#、3#支(zhi)洞(dong)、引(yin)水(shui)隧洞(dong)。公司管段(duan)全長4.35km，施工(gong)里程(cheng)K0+000～K4+349.7。土(tu)(tu)石方62.3萬立方米(mi)，涵洞(dong)280米(mi)/35座，大(da)橋144.54米(mi)/1座，隧道1949.579米(mi)/3座。

攔(lan)河大壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)拋物線雙曲拱壩(ba)(ba)+左岸重(zhong)力(li)墩，雙曲拱壩(ba)(ba)最大壩(ba)(ba)高134.50m。進(jin)水口為(wei)壩(ba)(ba)式進(jin)水口，引(yin)水隧(sui)洞位于(yu)左岸，長(chang)約5360m，開挖斷面(mian)直徑(jing)(jing)8.20m，全(quan)(quan)斷面(mian)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)襯(chen)(chen)砌，襯(chen)(chen)砌0.60m；調壓(ya)井阻抗(kang)孔內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)3.45m，調壓(ya)井內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)16.0m，襯(chen)(chen)厚(hou)1.0m。壓(ya)力(li)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)6.0m，支管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)均(jun)為(wei)4.0m，主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)和(he)岔管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)外側回填(tian)C20混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)1.0m，支管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)外側回填(tian)C20混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)厚(hou)0.8m。電站主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)尺(chi)寸為(wei)55.00×23.00×58.30m（長(chang)×寬(kuan)×高），機(ji)組安裝(zhuang)高程712.50m，發電機(ji)層高程724.00m，安裝(zhuang)間(jian)(jian)和(he)尾水平臺高程為(wei)736.50m，安裝(zhuang)間(jian)(jian)布(bu)置在主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)右端，凈長(chang)20.50m；副(fu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)布(bu)置在主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)上(shang)游面(mian)，尺(chi)寸為(wei)55.00×12.50×41.20；主(zhu)變場及GIS室位于(yu)主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)上(shang)游。１號支洞的縱坡為(wei)1.283％隧(sui)道，全(quan)(quan)長(chang)190.32米(mi)。隧(sui)道高6.6米(mi)、寬(kuan)7.2米(mi)，洞口明挖土(tu)(tu)石方(fang)39000立方(fang)米(mi)。

工程施工

引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)襯(chen)砌(qi)提前完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)    由中鐵(tie)五局五公司施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的大(da)花水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)襯(chen)砌(qi)混(hun)凝土(tu)提前完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。大(da)花水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)不僅是貴(gui)州省(sheng)西(xi)部開(kai)發(fa)戰略工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，也(ye)是烏江水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)梯級(ji)開(kai)發(fa)龍(long)頭(tou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和國家(jia)西(xi)電(dian)東送工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。大(da)花水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)全(quan)(quan)長5338.805米，位于貴(gui)州省(sheng)開(kai)陽(yang)縣境內，隧洞(dong)坡度為5‰，開(kai)挖(wa)斷面為圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)，設(she)計開(kai)挖(wa)直徑(jing)最(zui)大(da)9.7米，襯(chen)砌(qi)后隧洞(dong)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)斷面凈空直徑(jing)7.3米，采用鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)全(quan)(quan)斷面襯(chen)砌(qi)，襯(chen)砌(qi)厚度最(zui)大(da)1.2米，全(quan)(quan)斷面針梁(liang)式襯(chen)砌(qi)臺車施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，引水(shui)(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)共(gong)布置4條施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)支洞(dong)、共(gong)3家(jia)單(dan)位施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

自2005年(nian)2月中標(biao)以來，在工(gong)程建設(she)中，五公司項(xiang)(xiang)目部強化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、狠抓施(shi)(shi)組(zu)作業(ye)(ye)(ye)、周密(mi)安排部署(shu)，于2006年(nian)12月17日(ri)實現(xian)了(le)(le)隧(sui)洞提前貫通到(dao)分界(jie)點。應(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)要求，對隧(sui)洞施(shi)(shi)工(gong)開(kai)挖(wa)和襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)任(ren)(ren)務再次追加，在面(mian)臨工(gong)期緊、任(ren)(ren)務重、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)難度大的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia)，項(xiang)(xiang)目部合理(li)調整施(shi)(shi)組(zu)，加強對隧(sui)洞開(kai)挖(wa)和襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)序(xu)銜接，強化(hua)現(xian)場管(guan)(guan)理(li)，響應(ying)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)“按期下(xia)(xia)閘蓄(xu)水(shui)發電”的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)期目標(biao)，積極開(kai)展勞動競賽活(huo)動，掀起(qi)大干生產(chan)高潮。創下(xia)(xia)了(le)(le)連續3個月完成(cheng)月襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)180米的(de)(de)(de)(de)好成(cheng)績(ji)，確保(bao)了(le)(le)1月13日(ri)提前完成(cheng)了(le)(le)全部混凝(ning)(ning)土襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)任(ren)(ren)務，成(cheng)為(wei)該(gai)引水(shui)隧(sui)洞第一家完成(cheng)混凝(ning)(ning)土襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位(wei)，得到(dao)了(le)(le)業(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高度評價。

１號支洞貫通(tong)    2009年(nian)12月6日17時，由電氣(qi)(qi)化公司施工(gong)的貴(gui)州大花水水電站１號支洞順利貫通(tong)。1號支洞是(shi)為(wei)(wei)開鑿引水隧(sui)洞而設計的施工(gong)洞，位(wei)于開陽縣清水河北岸，是(shi)一(yi)條縱坡為(wei)(wei)1.283％隧(sui)道，全長190.32米(mi)。隧(sui)道高6.6米(mi)、寬7.2米(mi)，洞口明(ming)挖(wa)土石(shi)方39000立方米(mi)，工(gong)程于7月28日正式開工(gong)，掘進(jin)方式為(wei)(wei)新(xin)奧(ao)法施工(gong)。這是(shi)電氣(qi)(qi)化公司介入土建(jian)領(ling)域施工(gong)的首座隧(sui)洞。

投產發電

2007年11月(yue)30日(ri)上午，以中國水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)集團(tuan)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)八局為主(zhu)承建(jian)的貴州清水(shui)(shui)河(he)大花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站正式(shi)投產發電(dian)(dian)。

中(zhong)國水電八(ba)局先后中(zhong)標承建大(da)(da)花(hua)水電站大(da)(da)壩工(gong)程、人(ren)工(gong)砂石料生產(chan)系統。自2004年(nian)6月進場以來，全體員工(gong)先后克服地質條(tiao)件復雜、工(gong)期緊、施工(gong)難度大(da)(da)、超(chao)標洪(hong)水沖毀圍堰(yan)、山(shan)體大(da)(da)滑坡等一系列困難，發揚團(tuan)結、拼搏、開拓(tuo)、奉獻(xian)的精神(shen)，積極應用新工(gong)藝、新材料，按業主要(yao)求完成各項節點(dian)工(gong)期，順利完成大(da)(da)花(hua)水電站各項施工(gong)任(ren)務(wu)。

大(da)花水水電站大(da)壩(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)優(you)良(liang)，數(shu)控質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)優(you)良(liang)率達到86%，外觀質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)良(liang)好，并創造(zao)了碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)土連續上(shang)(shang)升33.5米的中國企業施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)新(xin)紀錄，其快速(su)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術研究在2007年第(di)五屆(jie)碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)土國際大(da)壩(ba)會議(yi)上(shang)(shang)作了專(zhuan)題報告(gao)，國際大(da)壩(ba)會議(yi)專(zhuan)家對大(da)花水電站施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)速(su)度、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)給予高度評價，我局在碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)土施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)史上(shang)(shang)又塑造(zao)了一座豐碑。

復建工程

大花水(shui)水(shui)電站庫區淹沒公路(lu)(lu)及(ji)獨木(mu)河大橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)復(fu)建(jian)工程，由貴(gui)州省(sheng)發展和改革(ge)委(wei)員會(hui)批準建(jian)設。大花水(shui)電站建(jian)成后(hou)，獨木(mu)河大橋(qiao)(qiao)及(ji)兩岸(an)的(de)部分(fen)公路(lu)(lu)將被淹沒，所(suo)以需要新建(jian)一座橋(qiao)(qiao)梁及(ji)公路(lu)(lu)恢復(fu)原有功能；全線路(lu)(lu)基寬(kuan)度設計(ji)為6.5米，按(an)山嶺重丘(qiu)四級公路(lu)(lu)設計(ji)。行車道寬(kuan)度5.5m；路(lu)(lu)面(mian)類型(xing)為泥(ni)結碎石；是全長119米的(de)箱型(xing)拱橋(qiao)(qiao)；橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)寬(kuan)度為凈-7m。