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概述

大(da)花水水電(dian)站大(da)壩(ba)(拋物線(xian)雙(shuang)曲拱壩(ba)+左岸(an)重力壩(ba))位于(yu)高山峽(xia)谷區,壩(ba)址兩岸(an)山壁陡峭(qiao),混凝土入(ru)倉(cang)布置(zhi)困難。根據該(gai)工(gong)程(cheng)特有的(de)地形條(tiao)(tiao)件,在重力壩(ba)左岸(an)邊坡分二期(qi)布置(zhi)了3條(tiao)(tiao)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)溜(liu)(liu)管(guan),即一(yi)期(qi)底(di)線(xian)采用(yong)了800mm寬的(de)膠帶(dai)(dai)機和(he)2條(tiao)(tiao)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)溜(liu)(liu)管(guan);二期(qi)高線(xian)采用(yong)了1000 mm寬的(de)膠帶(dai)(dai)機和(he)1條(tiao)(tiao)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)溜(liu)(liu)管(guan);拱壩(ba)混凝土的(de)入(ru)倉(cang)則主(zhu)要采用(yong)了緩降(jiang)溜(liu)(liu)管(guan)(由(you)于(yu)拱壩(ba)兩岸(an)邊坡較(jiao)陡,平均(jun)(jun)角度70°,普通(tong)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)溜(liu)(liu)管(guan)不(bu)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)此種高陡邊坡輸送(song)碾壓(ya)(ya)混凝土)。采用(yong)緩降(jiang)溜(liu)(liu)管(guan)輸送(song)碾壓(ya)(ya)混凝土不(bu)僅可保證質(zhi)量,而且在輸送(song)強(qiang)度、安裝(zhuang)工(gong)期(qi)、安裝(zhuang)及運(yun)行成(cheng)本等多方面(mian)均(jun)(jun)優于(yu)負(fu)壓(ya)(ya)溜(liu)(liu)管(guan),為拱壩(ba)快速施工(gong)打下了基礎。

工程介紹

大(da)花水(shui)水(shui)電站位(wei)于(yu)貴州省開陽縣與福泉市交(jiao)界處、清水(shui)河(he)中游(you)峽谷河(he)段內(nei)，為(wei)清水(shui)河(he)干(gan)流水(shui)電梯級(ji)開發的(de)第三級(ji)。電站總裝機容量200MW，總投(tou)資14億元。攔河(he)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)拋(pao)物(wu)線(xian)雙曲拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)+重(zhong)力墩，左岸為(wei)重(zhong)力墩，右岸為(wei)雙曲拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)，大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)總長287.56米，最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)134.50米，厚高(gao)比0.171，是國內(nei)在(zai)建的(de)最高(gao)碾壓混凝(ning)土(tu)雙曲薄(bo)拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)設有兩(liang)個(ge)泄洪中孔和(he)三個(ge)溢流表孔，在(zai)拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)下(xia)游(you)還布置(zhi)了一個(ge)集水(shui)井和(he)一個(ge)吊物(wu)井，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)設置(zhi)兩(liang)條(tiao)誘(you)導縫，兩(liang)岸設置(zhi)周邊短縫，拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身(shen)較高(gao)且體(ti)型結(jie)構(gou)復雜。

樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主要由碾壓凝土拱壩(ba)、左岸重力墩、壩(ba)頂開敞式溢流表空、泄(xie)洪兼沖沙中孔、左岸引水系(xi)統及地面廠房、開關站(zhan)等組成。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)3年零(ling)8個月，其中施工(gong)(gong)(gong)準備期(qi)10個月，主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)2年零(ling)5個月。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)關鍵(jian)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)線路為引水隧洞(dong)和大壩(ba)的填筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)。

大(da)花水為梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)開發規劃的(de)第(di)三(san)個梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)。清水河梯(ti)級(ji)(ji)水電開發是(shi)烏江(jiang)公司首次(ci)采用(yong)多元投(tou)資(zi)貴州中小型水電的(de)嘗試,投(tou)資(zi)方(fang)分別為烏江(jiang)公司、貴州騰元電力發展有(you)限(xian)責任公司、貴陽勘測設計研究院、貴州黔能天和礦業有(you)限(xian)公司、開陽縣。

工程設計

樞(shu)紐(niu)工程主要由(you)碾壓凝土(tu)拱壩(ba)、左岸重力墩、壩(ba)頂開(kai)敞式溢流表空、泄洪兼沖(chong)沙中(zhong)孔、左岸引水(shui)系(xi)統及地面廠房、開(kai)關(guan)站等組成。包含清水(shui)河大(da)橋、3#公(gong)路、引水(shui)隧(sui)洞2#、3#支(zhi)洞、引水(shui)隧(sui)洞。公(gong)司管段全(quan)長4.35km，施(shi)工里程K0+000～K4+349.7。土(tu)石方(fang)62.3萬(wan)立方(fang)米，涵洞280米/35座(zuo)，大(da)橋144.54米/1座(zuo)，隧(sui)道1949.579米/3座(zuo)。

攔河(he)大壩(ba)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拋物線(xian)雙曲拱壩(ba)+左岸重(zhong)力(li)墩，雙曲拱壩(ba)最大壩(ba)高(gao)134.50m。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壩(ba)式進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)，引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞位(wei)于(yu)左岸，長(chang)約(yue)5360m，開挖斷面(mian)直徑(jing)(jing)8.20m，全斷面(mian)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土襯(chen)砌(qi)，襯(chen)砌(qi)0.60m；調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)阻抗孔內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.45m，調(diao)壓(ya)井(jing)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)16.0m，襯(chen)厚(hou)1.0m。壓(ya)力(li)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)6.0m，支(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4.0m，主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)和岔管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)外側回(hui)填C20混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土厚(hou)1.0m，支(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)段(duan)(duan)外側回(hui)填C20混(hun)(hun)(hun)凝土厚(hou)0.8m。電站主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)尺寸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)55.00×23.00×58.30m（長(chang)×寬×高(gao)），機組安裝高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)712.50m，發電機層高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)724.00m，安裝間和尾水(shui)(shui)平(ping)臺高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)736.50m，安裝間布置(zhi)在主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)右(you)端，凈長(chang)20.50m；副廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)布置(zhi)在主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)上游面(mian)，尺寸為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)55.00×12.50×41.20；主(zhu)變(bian)場及GIS室(shi)位(wei)于(yu)主(zhu)廠(chang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)上游。１號支(zhi)洞的縱坡為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1.283％隧(sui)道(dao)，全長(chang)190.32米。隧(sui)道(dao)高(gao)6.6米、寬7.2米，洞口(kou)(kou)明(ming)挖土石(shi)方(fang)39000立(li)方(fang)米。

工程施工

引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)提(ti)前(qian)完工(gong)    由中(zhong)鐵五(wu)局五(wu)公(gong)司施(shi)工(gong)的大(da)(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)混凝土提(ti)前(qian)完工(gong)。大(da)(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站工(gong)程(cheng)不僅是(shi)貴州省西(xi)部開(kai)(kai)發戰略(lve)工(gong)程(cheng)，也是(shi)烏江水(shui)(shui)電(dian)梯級開(kai)(kai)發龍頭工(gong)程(cheng)和國家西(xi)電(dian)東送(song)工(gong)程(cheng)。大(da)(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)全(quan)長(chang)5338.805米，位于貴州省開(kai)(kai)陽縣境內，隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)坡(po)度(du)為5‰，開(kai)(kai)挖斷(duan)(duan)面為圓(yuan)形(xing)，設(she)計(ji)開(kai)(kai)挖直(zhi)(zhi)徑最大(da)(da)9.7米，襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)后隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)圓(yuan)形(xing)斷(duan)(duan)面凈(jing)空直(zhi)(zhi)徑7.3米，采用(yong)鋼筋混凝土全(quan)斷(duan)(duan)面襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)，襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)厚度(du)最大(da)(da)1.2米，全(quan)斷(duan)(duan)面針梁式(shi)襯(chen)(chen)砌(qi)(qi)臺車施(shi)工(gong)，引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)共(gong)(gong)布置4條施(shi)工(gong)支洞(dong)、共(gong)(gong)3家單位施(shi)工(gong)。

自2005年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)標(biao)以來，在(zai)工(gong)程建(jian)設中(zhong)，五公(gong)司項目(mu)部(bu)強化施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)管理、狠(hen)抓施(shi)(shi)(shi)組作業、周密安(an)排部(bu)署，于2006年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)17日實(shi)現了隧(sui)洞提前(qian)(qian)貫通到分界(jie)點。應業主(zhu)要求，對(dui)隧(sui)洞施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)開挖和(he)襯(chen)砌任(ren)務再次追加(jia)(jia)，在(zai)面臨工(gong)期緊、任(ren)務重、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)難度大的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，項目(mu)部(bu)合理調整施(shi)(shi)(shi)組，加(jia)(jia)強對(dui)隧(sui)洞開挖和(he)襯(chen)砌施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)序銜接，強化現場管理，響應業主(zhu)提出的(de)(de)“按(an)期下(xia)閘蓄水發電”的(de)(de)工(gong)期目(mu)標(biao)，積極開展勞(lao)動競賽活(huo)動，掀起大干生產(chan)高潮。創下(xia)了連續3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)完成(cheng)月(yue)(yue)襯(chen)砌180米的(de)(de)好(hao)成(cheng)績(ji)，確保了1月(yue)(yue)13日提前(qian)(qian)完成(cheng)了全部(bu)混凝(ning)土襯(chen)砌任(ren)務，成(cheng)為該引水隧(sui)洞第一家完成(cheng)混凝(ning)土襯(chen)砌的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位，得到了業主(zhu)的(de)(de)高度評價。

１號支洞(dong)貫通    2009年12月6日(ri)17時(shi)，由電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化公司(si)(si)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的貴州大花水水電(dian)(dian)站１號支洞(dong)順(shun)利貫通。1號支洞(dong)是為(wei)開(kai)鑿引水隧(sui)洞(dong)而設(she)計的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)洞(dong)，位于(yu)開(kai)陽縣(xian)清(qing)水河(he)北(bei)岸，是一條縱坡為(wei)1.283％隧(sui)道，全長190.32米(mi)(mi)(mi)。隧(sui)道高6.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬7.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)，洞(dong)口(kou)明挖(wa)土石方39000立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)，工(gong)程于(yu)7月28日(ri)正式(shi)開(kai)工(gong)，掘進方式(shi)為(wei)新(xin)奧法(fa)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)。這是電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化公司(si)(si)介入土建領域施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的首座隧(sui)洞(dong)。

投產發電

2007年11月30日上午，以中國水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)設(she)集團水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)八(ba)局為主承建(jian)的貴(gui)州清水(shui)河大花水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站正式投產發電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)電八局先(xian)后中(zhong)標(biao)承建(jian)大(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)大(da)壩(ba)工(gong)程(cheng)、人工(gong)砂(sha)石料生產系(xi)統。自2004年(nian)6月進場以來，全(quan)體員工(gong)先(xian)后克服地質條件復(fu)雜、工(gong)期緊、施(shi)工(gong)難度大(da)、超標(biao)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)沖毀圍堰、山體大(da)滑(hua)坡等一系(xi)列困(kun)難，發揚團結、拼搏(bo)、開拓、奉獻的精(jing)神，積極(ji)應(ying)用新(xin)工(gong)藝、新(xin)材料，按(an)業(ye)主(zhu)要(yao)求完成各項節點工(gong)期，順(shun)利(li)完成大(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)各項施(shi)工(gong)任務(wu)。

大花(hua)水水電(dian)站(zhan)大壩施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)優良，數(shu)控(kong)質(zhi)量(liang)優良率達到86%，外觀質(zhi)量(liang)良好，并創造(zao)了碾壓混凝土連續上(shang)升33.5米的中國企(qi)業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)新紀錄(lu)，其快速施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)研究在(zai)2007年第五屆碾壓混凝土國際(ji)大壩會議(yi)上(shang)作(zuo)了專題報(bao)告(gao)，國際(ji)大壩會議(yi)專家對(dui)大花(hua)水電(dian)站(zhan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)速度、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)給予高度評價(jia)，我(wo)局(ju)在(zai)碾壓混凝土施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)史(shi)上(shang)又(you)塑造(zao)了一座豐(feng)碑。

復建工程

大花水水電站庫區淹沒(mei)(mei)公(gong)路及(ji)獨木河(he)大橋的復(fu)建(jian)工程，由貴州省發展和改革委員會批準建(jian)設(she)。大花水電站建(jian)成后(hou)，獨木河(he)大橋及(ji)兩(liang)岸(an)的部分(fen)公(gong)路將被淹沒(mei)(mei)，所以需要(yao)新建(jian)一座橋梁及(ji)公(gong)路恢復(fu)原有功能；全(quan)線路基寬度設(she)計(ji)為(wei)6.5米(mi)，按山嶺重丘四(si)級公(gong)路設(she)計(ji)。行車道寬度5.5m；路面類型為(wei)泥(ni)結碎石；是全(quan)長119米(mi)的箱(xiang)型拱橋；橋面寬度為(wei)凈-7m。