概述
大(da)花水(shui)水(shui)電站大(da)壩(ba)(拋物線(xian)(xian)雙曲拱壩(ba)+左岸(an)重力(li)壩(ba))位于高(gao)山(shan)峽谷區,壩(ba)址兩岸(an)山(shan)壁陡(dou)峭,混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)入倉(cang)(cang)布置(zhi)困難。根據該工程特有的(de)地形條(tiao)件(jian),在重力(li)壩(ba)左岸(an)邊(bian)坡分(fen)二期布置(zhi)了(le)(le)3條(tiao)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan),即一期底線(xian)(xian)采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)800mm寬的(de)膠(jiao)帶機和(he)2條(tiao)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan);二期高(gao)線(xian)(xian)采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)1000 mm寬的(de)膠(jiao)帶機和(he)1條(tiao)負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan);拱壩(ba)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)的(de)入倉(cang)(cang)則主(zhu)要采用(yong)(yong)了(le)(le)緩降(jiang)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)(由(you)于拱壩(ba)兩岸(an)邊(bian)坡較陡(dou),平均(jun)角度70°,普通負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)適用(yong)(yong)于此種(zhong)高(gao)陡(dou)邊(bian)坡輸(shu)送碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu))。采用(yong)(yong)緩降(jiang)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan)輸(shu)送碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)保證(zheng)質(zhi)量(liang),而且(qie)在輸(shu)送強度、安(an)裝(zhuang)工期、安(an)裝(zhuang)及運行成本等多方面均(jun)優于負壓(ya)溜(liu)管(guan)(guan),為拱壩(ba)快速施工打下了(le)(le)基(ji)礎(chu)。
工程介紹
大(da)花水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站位(wei)于貴州省開陽縣與福(fu)泉市交(jiao)界處(chu)、清(qing)水(shui)河(he)中(zhong)(zhong)游(you)峽(xia)谷(gu)河(he)段(duan)內,為清(qing)水(shui)河(he)干流水(shui)電(dian)(dian)梯級(ji)開發的第三級(ji)。電(dian)(dian)站總(zong)裝機容量200MW,總(zong)投資14億元。攔河(he)大(da)壩(ba)為拋物(wu)線(xian)雙曲拱壩(ba)+重(zhong)力墩,左(zuo)岸(an)為重(zhong)力墩,右岸(an)為雙曲拱壩(ba),大(da)壩(ba)軸線(xian)總(zong)長287.56米(mi),最大(da)壩(ba)高134.50米(mi),厚高比0.171,是(shi)國內在建的最高碾壓混凝土雙曲薄拱壩(ba)。壩(ba)身(shen)設有(you)兩(liang)個(ge)泄洪中(zhong)(zhong)孔(kong)和三個(ge)溢流表孔(kong),在拱壩(ba)下游(you)還布置(zhi)了一個(ge)集水(shui)井和一個(ge)吊物(wu)井,壩(ba)體設置(zhi)兩(liang)條誘導縫(feng),兩(liang)岸(an)設置(zhi)周邊(bian)短(duan)縫(feng),拱壩(ba)壩(ba)身(shen)較高且體型結構復雜。
樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)程主要(yao)由(you)碾(nian)壓凝土拱壩(ba)(ba)、左岸重(zhong)力墩(dun)、壩(ba)(ba)頂開敞(chang)式(shi)溢(yi)流表(biao)空(kong)、泄(xie)洪兼沖(chong)沙中孔、左岸引(yin)水(shui)系統(tong)及(ji)地面廠房、開關站等組成。工(gong)(gong)程總(zong)工(gong)(gong)期3年零8個(ge)月,其中施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)準備期10個(ge)月,主體工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)期2年零5個(ge)月。工(gong)(gong)程關鍵施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)線路為(wei)引(yin)水(shui)隧洞(dong)和大壩(ba)(ba)的填筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)。
大(da)花(hua)水(shui)(shui)為梯級開(kai)發(fa)(fa)規劃的第三個梯級。清水(shui)(shui)河(he)梯級水(shui)(shui)電開(kai)發(fa)(fa)是烏江公司(si)首次采用多元投資貴(gui)州中小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)電的嘗試,投資方分(fen)別為烏江公司(si)、貴(gui)州騰元電力發(fa)(fa)展有限責任公司(si)、貴(gui)陽勘測設計研究院、貴(gui)州黔(qian)能天(tian)和礦業有限公司(si)、開(kai)陽縣。
工程設計
樞紐工程(cheng)主要由碾壓凝土拱(gong)壩(ba)、左岸重力墩(dun)、壩(ba)頂開(kai)敞式溢(yi)流(liu)表空、泄(xie)洪兼沖(chong)沙中(zhong)孔、左岸引(yin)水系統及地(di)面廠房、開(kai)關站等組成。包含清水河大橋、3#公路、引(yin)水隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)2#、3#支洞(dong)(dong)、引(yin)水隧(sui)洞(dong)(dong)。公司(si)管段全(quan)長4.35km,施(shi)工里程(cheng)K0+000~K4+349.7。土石方62.3萬立方米(mi)(mi),涵洞(dong)(dong)280米(mi)(mi)/35座(zuo)(zuo),大橋144.54米(mi)(mi)/1座(zuo)(zuo),隧(sui)道1949.579米(mi)(mi)/3座(zuo)(zuo)。
攔河(he)大(da)壩(ba)為(wei)拋(pao)物(wu)線(xian)雙曲拱壩(ba)+左(zuo)岸(an)(an)重力墩,雙曲拱壩(ba)最大(da)壩(ba)高134.50m。進水(shui)口(kou)為(wei)壩(ba)式進水(shui)口(kou),引(yin)水(shui)隧洞位于左(zuo)岸(an)(an),長(chang)約5360m,開挖斷面(mian)直徑(jing)8.20m,全斷面(mian)鋼筋(jin)混(hun)凝土襯砌,襯砌0.60m;調壓(ya)(ya)井阻抗孔內(nei)徑(jing)為(wei)3.45m,調壓(ya)(ya)井內(nei)徑(jing)為(wei)16.0m,襯厚1.0m。壓(ya)(ya)力鋼管(guan)(guan)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)6.0m,支管(guan)(guan)內(nei)徑(jing)均為(wei)4.0m,主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)段和岔(cha)管(guan)(guan)段外側回(hui)填C20混(hun)凝土厚1.0m,支管(guan)(guan)段外側回(hui)填C20混(hun)凝土厚0.8m。電站主(zhu)廠(chang)房尺(chi)寸為(wei)55.00×23.00×58.30m(長(chang)×寬(kuan)×高),機(ji)組安(an)裝高程(cheng)712.50m,發電機(ji)層高程(cheng)724.00m,安(an)裝間和尾水(shui)平臺高程(cheng)為(wei)736.50m,安(an)裝間布置在主(zhu)廠(chang)房右端,凈長(chang)20.50m;副(fu)廠(chang)房布置在主(zhu)廠(chang)房上(shang)游(you)面(mian),尺(chi)寸為(wei)55.00×12.50×41.20;主(zhu)變場及(ji)GIS室位于主(zhu)廠(chang)房上(shang)游(you)。1號(hao)支洞的(de)縱坡為(wei)1.283%隧道,全長(chang)190.32米(mi)。隧道高6.6米(mi)、寬(kuan)7.2米(mi),洞口(kou)明(ming)挖土石方39000立方米(mi)。
工程施工
引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)襯砌(qi)(qi)(qi)提(ti)前完工(gong) 由中鐵五局五公(gong)司施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)大花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)襯砌(qi)(qi)(qi)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)提(ti)前完工(gong)。大花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)程(cheng)不僅是貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)西部開發戰略工(gong)程(cheng),也是烏江水(shui)(shui)電(dian)梯(ti)級開發龍頭工(gong)程(cheng)和(he)國家西電(dian)東送工(gong)程(cheng)。大花水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)全(quan)長5338.805米,位于貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)開陽縣境(jing)內,隧(sui)洞(dong)坡度為(wei)5‰,開挖斷面(mian)為(wei)圓形,設計開挖直(zhi)徑最大9.7米,襯砌(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)隧(sui)洞(dong)圓形斷面(mian)凈空直(zhi)徑7.3米,采用鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)全(quan)斷面(mian)襯砌(qi)(qi)(qi),襯砌(qi)(qi)(qi)厚(hou)度最大1.2米,全(quan)斷面(mian)針梁(liang)式(shi)襯砌(qi)(qi)(qi)臺車施(shi)(shi)工(gong),引水(shui)(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)共布置4條施(shi)(shi)工(gong)支(zhi)洞(dong)、共3家單位施(shi)(shi)工(gong)。
自2005年(nian)2月中(zhong)標以來,在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設(she)中(zhong),五公(gong)司項(xiang)(xiang)目部強(qiang)化施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)、狠抓施(shi)組作業、周(zhou)密(mi)安(an)排部署,于(yu)2006年(nian)12月17日實現(xian)了(le)隧洞提前貫通(tong)到分界(jie)點(dian)。應業主要求,對隧洞施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開挖和(he)(he)襯砌(qi)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)再次追加,在面臨工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)緊、任(ren)(ren)務(wu)重、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度大的(de)情況下,項(xiang)(xiang)目部合理(li)調整施(shi)組,加強(qiang)對隧洞開挖和(he)(he)襯砌(qi)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序銜接,強(qiang)化現(xian)場管(guan)理(li),響應業主提出的(de)“按期(qi)下閘蓄水發電”的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)目標,積極開展勞動競賽活動,掀起(qi)大干生產高潮。創下了(le)連續(xu)3個月完(wan)成月襯砌(qi)180米的(de)好成績,確保(bao)了(le)1月13日提前完(wan)成了(le)全部混凝(ning)土襯砌(qi)任(ren)(ren)務(wu),成為該引水隧洞第一家(jia)完(wan)成混凝(ning)土襯砌(qi)的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位,得到了(le)業主的(de)高度評(ping)價。
1號支洞(dong)貫(guan)通(tong) 2009年12月(yue)(yue)6日17時,由(you)電(dian)氣(qi)化公司(si)施(shi)工(gong)的貴州大花水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站1號支洞(dong)順(shun)利貫(guan)通(tong)。1號支洞(dong)是為(wei)開鑿引(yin)水(shui)隧洞(dong)而設(she)計的施(shi)工(gong)洞(dong),位(wei)于開陽縣(xian)清(qing)水(shui)河北岸(an),是一條縱坡為(wei)1.283%隧道,全長190.32米(mi)。隧道高(gao)6.6米(mi)、寬7.2米(mi),洞(dong)口明(ming)挖土(tu)石方39000立方米(mi),工(gong)程于7月(yue)(yue)28日正式開工(gong),掘進方式為(wei)新奧法施(shi)工(gong)。這是電(dian)氣(qi)化公司(si)介入土(tu)建(jian)領域施(shi)工(gong)的首(shou)座隧洞(dong)。
投產發電
2007年11月30日上午,以中國(guo)水電(dian)建設(she)集團(tuan)水電(dian)八局為(wei)主承建的貴州清水河大花水水電(dian)站正式投產發電(dian)。
中國水電(dian)八(ba)局(ju)先(xian)后中標承建大(da)花(hua)水電(dian)站(zhan)大(da)壩工(gong)程、人工(gong)砂石料生(sheng)產系統。自2004年6月(yue)進(jin)場以來,全體員工(gong)先(xian)后克服地(di)質條件復(fu)雜、工(gong)期緊、施工(gong)難度大(da)、超(chao)標洪水沖毀圍堰、山體大(da)滑坡等一(yi)系列(lie)困(kun)難,發(fa)揚團結、拼搏、開(kai)拓(tuo)、奉獻的(de)精神(shen),積極應用新工(gong)藝(yi)、新材料,按業主要求完(wan)成(cheng)各(ge)項節點工(gong)期,順利完(wan)成(cheng)大(da)花(hua)水電(dian)站(zhan)各(ge)項施工(gong)任務。
大(da)花水(shui)水(shui)電站大(da)壩(ba)(ba)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量優良(liang),數控質量優良(liang)率達到86%,外觀質量良(liang)好,并創(chuang)造了碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)連續上升33.5米的中(zhong)國企(qi)業施(shi)工(gong)(gong)新(xin)紀錄,其快速施(shi)工(gong)(gong)技術研究在2007年(nian)第五屆碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)國際大(da)壩(ba)(ba)會(hui)議(yi)上作了專題(ti)報告,國際大(da)壩(ba)(ba)會(hui)議(yi)專家對大(da)花水(shui)電站施(shi)工(gong)(gong)速度(du)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量給予高度(du)評價,我局在碾壓(ya)混(hun)凝土(tu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)史上又塑(su)造了一座豐碑(bei)。
復建工程
大(da)花水(shui)水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)庫區(qu)淹(yan)沒公(gong)(gong)路(lu)及獨(du)(du)木(mu)河大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)的(de)復建(jian)工程,由貴州(zhou)省(sheng)發展和改革委員會批準建(jian)設。大(da)花水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)成(cheng)后,獨(du)(du)木(mu)河大(da)橋(qiao)(qiao)及兩(liang)岸的(de)部分公(gong)(gong)路(lu)將被淹(yan)沒,所以(yi)需(xu)要新建(jian)一座橋(qiao)(qiao)梁及公(gong)(gong)路(lu)恢復原有功能;全線路(lu)基寬度(du)設計(ji)為6.5米(mi),按山嶺(ling)重丘(qiu)四級公(gong)(gong)路(lu)設計(ji)。行車道(dao)寬度(du)5.5m;路(lu)面(mian)類型為泥結碎石;是全長119米(mi)的(de)箱型拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao);橋(qiao)(qiao)面(mian)寬度(du)為凈-7m。