概況
納子(zi)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)程是(shi)青海省重點工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，位于門(men)源(yuan)回族自(zi)治縣蘇(su)吉灘鄉與祁連(lian)縣默勒鎮的(de)交界處(chu)。2009年9月15日，青海黃(huang)河(he)(he)中型水(shui)(shui)電(dian)開(kai)發公(gong)司在納子(zi)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)地現(xian)場舉行隆重的(de)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)儀(yi)式(shi)。參加開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)儀(yi)式(shi)的(de)有(you)青海省政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)、省發改委(wei)、省水(shui)(shui)利廳、海北(bei)州政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)、祁連(lian)縣政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)、門(men)源(yuan)縣政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)等有(you)關部門(men)和(he)黃(huang)河(he)(he)上游水(shui)(shui)電(dian)公(gong)司的(de)領導(dao)和(he)專家(jia)。應業主邀請，該院副院長(chang)馬(ma)明、副總工(gong)(gong)(gong)師梁宗仁出席了(le)(le)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)儀(yi)式(shi)。該項目(mu)的(de)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)建設，標志者該院在大通河(he)(he)流域設計的(de)最高的(de)面板(ban)(ban)堆石(shi)壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)正式(shi)實(shi)(shi)施，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)該院在面板(ban)(ban)堆石(shi)壩領域的(de)設計實(shi)(shi)力。
2011年9月6日，隨著(zhu)納(na)子(zi)峽水電(dian)站基坑(keng)基礎面(mian)的清理完畢，中(zhong)國(guo)水電(dian)四局(ju)第一(yi)分(fen)局(ju)納(na)子(zi)峽項目部開始(shi)對主壩進行填筑實(shi)驗。
工程
工程(cheng)主要建筑(zhu)物由混凝(ning)土面板(ban)堆石壩、右岸溢洪(hong)道(dao)、左岸放空(kong)泄(xie)洪(hong)洞、左岸引水(shui)發電(dian)洞、發電(dian)廠房(fang)、升壓站組成。工程(cheng)規(gui)模為二等大(da)（2）型，大(da)壩為1級建筑(zhu)物，泄(xie)水(shui)建筑(zhu)物、引水(shui)發電(dian)洞及廠房(fang)均為2級筑(zhu)物。大(da)壩、泄(xie)水(shui)、發電(dian)引水(shui)建筑(zhu)物按(an)(an)500年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)設(she)計(ji)，5000年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)校(xiao)核，洪(hong)峰(feng)流(liu)量分(fen)別(bie)為1810立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米/秒(miao)和2340立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米/秒(miao)；廠房(fang)按(an)(an)100年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)設(she)計(ji)，500年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)校(xiao)核，洪(hong)峰(feng)流(liu)量分(fen)別(bie)為1440立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米/秒(miao)和1810立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米/秒(miao)；泄(xie)水(shui)建筑(zhu)物消能(neng)防沖按(an)(an)50年(nian)(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)(yu)設(she)計(ji)，洪(hong)峰(feng)流(liu)量為1270立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米/秒(miao)。
納子峽水(shui)電(dian)站施(shi)工(gong)采用圍堰一次(ci)斷流，導(dao)流洞(dong)過水(shui)的導(dao)流方(fang)式；汛期由壩(ba)體(ti)壩(ba)體(ti)擋(dang)水(shui)、左岸導(dao)流洞(dong)過水(shui)；水(shui)庫初期蓄水(shui)后至工(gong)程竣工(gong)前，選用壩(ba)體(ti)擋(dang)水(shui)、永久泄水(shui)建筑(zhu)物過水(shui)的導(dao)流方(fang)式。
根據規(gui)范確定導流(liu)設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)水標準為10年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)，相應(ying)(ying)洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)流(liu)量為877立方米(mi)/秒。施工期壩體攔(lan)洪(hong)(hong)渡汛標準為50年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)設(she)計(ji)，相應(ying)(ying)最大洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)流(liu)量1300立方米(mi)/秒。導流(liu)泄水建筑物(wu)封堵期間及竣工前，永久泄洪(hong)(hong)建筑物(wu)尚(shang)未具(ju)備設(she)計(ji)泄洪(hong)(hong)能力，壩體攔(lan)洪(hong)(hong)標準為200年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)(hong)水標準，最大洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)流(liu)量1650立方米(mi)/秒。
混凝(ning)土面(mian)板(ban)(ban)堆石壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)軸線方位為SE145°，壩(ba)(ba)頂長度(du)為408.3米(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)為10.0米(mi)(mi)，最大壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)121.5米(mi)(mi)，上(shang)游(you)坡(po)1:1.55，下游(you)壩(ba)(ba)坡(po)1：1.5，設(she)(she)置三層寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)的馬(ma)道(dao)，綜合(he)坡(po)比為1：1.58。壩(ba)(ba)頂設(she)(she)有高(gao)度(du)為3.3米(mi)(mi)的放(fang)浪(lang)墻與(yu)面(mian)板(ban)(ban)相(xiang)接，壩(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程3204.6米(mi)(mi)，防浪(lang)墻頂高(gao)程3205.8米(mi)(mi)。面(mian)板(ban)(ban)頂端(duan)厚度(du)0.3米(mi)(mi)，底(di)部最大厚度(du)0.65米(mi)(mi)，為不等厚面(mian)板(ban)(ban)，面(mian)板(ban)(ban)間(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)垂直(zhi)縫；面(mian)板(ban)(ban)與(yu)趾(zhi)板(ban)(ban)間(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)周邊縫；壩(ba)(ba)頂防浪(lang)墻與(yu)面(mian)板(ban)(ban)間(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)伸(shen)縮縫。壩(ba)(ba)體從上(shang)游(you)到下游(you)依次(ci)分區(qu)為蓋重區(qu)、混凝(ning)土面(mian)板(ban)(ban)、墊層區(qu)、砂礫料(liao)3B1區(qu)、保護料(liao)區(qu)、排(pai)水區(qu)、砂礫料(liao)3B2區(qu)及下游(you)堆石區(qu)、護坡(po)。壩(ba)(ba)體填筑總量532.7957萬立(li)方米(mi)(mi)。
泄洪洞(dong)（導流洞(dong)）布置于左岸(an)，軸線角度為SW249°，與(yu)(yu)壩軸線的夾角為76°；左岸(an)上游設電(dian)站直立式(shi)岸(an)塔進水(shui)口，進水(shui)口右端與(yu)(yu)泄洪洞(dong)進口相(xiang)鄰(lin)布置；溢洪道布置于右岸(an)，軸線為SW205°。
溢(yi)洪道(dao)(dao)布(bu)置(zhi)于右岸，進口(kou)堰(yan)頂高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程3194.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)設(she)計3孔(kong)弧形閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門，孔(kong)口(kou)尺寸為8×10米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，泄槽寬度12.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。出(chu)口(kou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程3119.09米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，挑流(liu)鼻(bi)坎(kan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程3118.80米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，落差72.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)軸線全長(chang)450.52米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。溢(yi)洪道(dao)(dao)控(kong)制閘(zha)(zha)(zha)室(shi)(shi)位于壩軸線處，上游設(she)置(zhi)了166.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)的引水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)，渠(qu)底高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程為3191.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，閘(zha)(zha)(zha)頂高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程3204.6米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，溢(yi)流(liu)堰(yan)頂高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程為3194.1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，泄槽段水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)長(chang)215.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，縱坡分(fen)段分(fen)別為1/20和(he)1/2，出(chu)口(kou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程3119.09米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，挑流(liu)鼻(bi)坎(kan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程3118.80米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，落差72.51米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)軸線全長(chang)450.52米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。溢(yi)洪道(dao)(dao)最大泄量1066立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)，最大流(liu)速(su)為35.73米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)。3孔(kong)溢(yi)洪道(dao)(dao)各設(she)1扇表孔(kong)工作閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門，采用3臺后(hou)拉式(shi)液壓啟閉機控(kong)制3孔(kong)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)門。
引水(shui)(shui)(shui)發電(dian)(dian)洞進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)布置(zhi)在左壩肩(jian)上(shang)游，座落在弱風化巖體上(shang)，為(wei)岸塔式(shi)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)底(di)板高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)3176.0米(mi)，進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)順水(shui)(shui)(shui)流方向總(zong)長21米(mi)，閘(zha)室頂(ding)部(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)3204.6米(mi)，布置(zhi)與大(da)開挖后(hou)的(de)深槽(cao)中(zhong)(zhong)。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)分為(wei)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)段和(he)閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)段，閘(zha)室兩(liang)側及后(hou)測與巖石開挖坡面之間(jian)填筑混凝土，使閘(zha)室大(da)部(bu)分鑲嵌(qian)在巖石中(zhong)(zhong)。引水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)建筑物(wu)(wu)后(hou)接壓力隧洞，出口(kou)(kou)(kou)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪機(ji)(ji)組相(xiang)接。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)設(she)1扇事故(gu)檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)，在事故(gu)檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)前設(she)一孔(kong)(kong)2道主、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)攔(lan)截(jie)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)，防止污(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)進(jin)入發電(dian)(dian)洞損壞水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪機(ji)(ji)，確保電(dian)(dian)站正常(chang)發電(dian)(dian)。主、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)上(shang)的(de)污(wu)(wu)物(wu)(wu)采(cai)用(yong)人(ren)工清污(wu)(wu)。主、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)、事故(gu)檢(jian)修(xiu)門(men)(men)(men)底(di)板高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)3176.00米(mi)，墩頂(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)3204.60米(mi)。事故(gu)檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)為(wei)平(ping)板滑動(dong)鋼閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)，孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)尺寸(cun)(寬×高(gao)(gao)(gao)) 6 米(mi)×6 米(mi)，事故(gu)檢(jian)修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)啟閉機(ji)(ji)選(xuan)用(yong)1臺(tai)1250KN -30m固定(ding)卷揚(yang)式(shi)啟閉機(ji)(ji)操作。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)設(she)二(er)道二(er)孔(kong)(kong)主、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)潛孔(kong)(kong)式(shi)滑動(dong)支承攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)，主、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)尺寸(cun)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)(寬×高(gao)(gao)(gao))8 米(mi)×14 米(mi) ，主、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)啟閉機(ji)(ji)均(jun)(jun)設(she)在進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)3224.60米(mi)的(de)啟閉機(ji)(ji)平(ping)臺(tai)上(shang)，主柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選(xuan)用(yong)2×800KN--30m固定(ding)卷揚(yang)式(shi)啟閉機(ji)(ji)，副(fu)(fu)柵(zha)(zha)(zha)(zha)選(xuan)用(yong)2×630KN--30m固定(ding)卷揚(yang)式(shi)啟閉機(ji)(ji)，啟閉機(ji)(ji)房頂(ding)部(bu)設(she)2臺(tai)50KN的(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)葫蘆以供啟閉機(ji)(ji)檢(jian)修(xiu)時使用(yong)。
引水發電隧洞(dong)首端為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)的(de)(de)漸(jian)(jian)變段(duan)(duan)(duan)，由(you)6.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×6.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)矩形(xing)漸(jian)(jian)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)直徑(jing)6.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)圓(yuan)形(xing)，隧洞(dong)軸線方向為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)NE54°，樁號(hao)0+021.00～0+257.57段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，底(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)由(you)3176.00米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3166.54米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，上(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)長(chang)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)236.57米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。上(shang)(shang)平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)后由(you)轉(zhuan)彎(wan)半徑(jing)R=18.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、轉(zhuan)彎(wan)角θ=87.71°的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)彎(wan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)入豎井段(duan)(duan)(duan)，豎井段(duan)(duan)(duan)總高(gao)度(du)38.77米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。豎井段(duan)(duan)(duan)后緊接著進入轉(zhuan)彎(wan)半徑(jing)R=18.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、轉(zhuan)彎(wan)角θ=87.71°的(de)(de)下彎(wan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，最后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)。下平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)樁號(hao)0+292.13～0+442.15，底(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)由(you)3091.79米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3088.79米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，下平(ping)(ping)段(duan)(duan)(duan)長(chang)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)150.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。0+442.15~0+454.15段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)度(du)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)漸(jian)(jian)變段(duan)(duan)(duan)，底(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)由(you)3088.79米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3188.31米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，其后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)142.64米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)壓力(li)鋼管埋管段(duan)(duan)(duan)，樁號(hao)0+454.15～0+596.79，底(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)由(you)3188.31米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)3082.60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。0+596.79~0+621.79段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)度(du)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)明管段(duan)(duan)(duan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)，0+621.79~0+670.04段(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)度(du)48.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)叉管段(duan)(duan)(duan)。
引(yin)水發電洞圍(wei)巖分類(lei)及建筑物(wu)特性見表1.1.2-4。
電站
電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在壩址(zhi)下游(you)約400米處左岸，廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)座落在巖(yan)石基礎上(shang)(shang)，尾水渠座落在河灘砂卵礫石層上(shang)(shang)。安(an)裝間緊鄰主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)機組(zu)段(duan)左側(ce)(ce)(ce)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)游(you)側(ce)(ce)(ce)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)副(fu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)，副(fu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)游(you)側(ce)(ce)(ce)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戶外式升壓站(zhan)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)總長37.75米，安(an)裝間總長16.0米。廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)順(shun)水流向寬(kuan)度(du)19.0米，總高33.9米。副(fu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)總長為(wei)(wei)53.8米， 寬(kuan)度(du)為(wei)(wei)12.2米，分(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩層，地面(mian)以上(shang)(shang)及以下各一層。尾水平臺與發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機層同高程，寬(kuan)度(du)5.7米，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有尾水門(men)啟閉設備。安(an)裝間布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)左側(ce)(ce)(ce)，與進場公路相接。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)(fang)內布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有3臺單機容(rong)量為(wei)(wei)29兆瓦(wa)的水輪(lun)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)，總裝機容(rong)量為(wei)(wei)87兆瓦(wa)。布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有1臺125/32t -16.0m橋機。
引(yin)水發電工程由(you)中國水電十五局承建(jian)。
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