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概況

“龍羊(yang)”系(xi)藏語，“龍”為溝谷(gu)，“羊(yang)”為峻(jun)崖，即峻(jun)崖深(shen)谷(gu)之意。峽谷(gu)西(xi)(xi)部入(ru)口處海拔2460米(mi)(mi)，東端(duan)出(chu)口處海拔2222米(mi)(mi)，河道天然落差近240米(mi)(mi)，龍羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站建(jian)在峽谷(gu)入(ru)口處龍羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站，由攔(lan)河大壩(ba)、防(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑和電(dian)(dian)站廠房三部分組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，壩(ba)高178米(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)長1226米(mi)(mi)(其中主(zhu)壩(ba)長396米(mi)(mi))，寬(kuan)23米(mi)(mi)，形成(cheng)(cheng)了一座面(mian)積383平方千米(mi)(mi)、庫容247億立(li)方米(mi)(mi)的(de)人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。電(dian)(dian)站總裝機(ji)容量128萬千瓦(wa)(安裝4臺(tai)32萬千瓦(wa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu))，并入(ru)國家電(dian)(dian)網，強大的(de)電(dian)(dian)流源源不斷輸(shu)往西(xi)(xi)寧、蘭州、西(xi)(xi)安等(deng)工業城(cheng)市，并將(jiang)輸(shu)入(ru)青海西(xi)(xi)部的(de)柴達木盆地和甘肅西(xi)(xi)部的(de)河西(xi)(xi)走廊，支(zhi)援(yuan)中國西(xi)(xi)部的(de)現代化建(jian)設。除發電(dian)(dian)外(wai)，龍羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站還具有防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌(ling)、灌溉、養殖等(deng)綜合效益。

規模

龍羊峽水電站最大(da)壩(ba)高(gao)178米(mi)(mi)。壩(ba)底寬80米(mi)(mi)，壩(ba)頂(ding)寬15米(mi)(mi)，主(zhu)壩(ba)長(chang)396米(mi)(mi)，左(zuo)右兩岸均高(gao)附(fu)壩(ba)，大(da)壩(ba)全長(chang)1140米(mi)(mi)。它不僅(jin)可以將(jiang)黃河(he)上(shang)游(you)13萬(wan)平(ping)方公里(li)的年流量全部攔住，而將(jiang)在這(zhe)里(li)形成一座面積為380平(ping)方公里(li)、總庫(ku)密量為240億立方米(mi)(mi)的人工水庫(ku)。

經濟價值

電站建成后，可裝32萬千(qian)瓦的(de)發(fa)電機(ji)4臺，總裝機(ji)容(rong)量達128萬千(qian)瓦，年發(fa)電量為23.6億千(qian)瓦時(shi)。龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)水電站除發(fa)電之(zhi)外，還具有防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌(ling)、灌(guan)溉、養殖四大效益(yi)。龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)水電站自投(tou)入運行到2001年5月25日，已(yi)安(an)全發(fa)電546.24億千(qian)瓦時(shi)，創(chuang)產值40.8億元；為西北電網的(de)調(diao)峰(feng)、調(diao)頻和(he)下(xia)游(you)防(fang)洪、防(fang)凌(ling)、灌(guan)溉及(ji)緩解下(xia)游(you)斷(duan)流發(fa)揮(hui)了重要作用，是黃(huang)河干流其它水電站都無法替代的(de)。為促進(jin)青(qing)海經濟發(fa)展奠定了基礎，同(tong)時(shi)也為龍(long)(long)羊峽(xia)地區的(de)旅游(you)、養殖和(he)改變(bian)區域環境創(chuang)造了條件。

建設歷史

龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水電(dian)站建(jian)設從1976年(nian)(nian)開始，1979年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)截流(liu)；1982年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)開始澆筑主(zhu)壩(ba)混凝土；1986年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)15日(ri)導流(liu)洞下閘蓄(xu)水；4臺發電(dian)機組分別于1987年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)4日(ri)、1987年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)8日(ri)、1988年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)5日(ri)、1989年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)14日(ri)相繼投(tou)產(chan)；泄水建(jian)筑物底、深、中孔在1987年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1989年(nian)(nian)期(qi)間相繼投(tou)入使用；1990年(nian)(nian)主(zhu)壩(ba)封拱高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)2610米；1993年(nian)(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)銷號，未完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)項目(mu)轉(zhuan)入尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。2000年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)《黃(huang)河(he)龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)安(an)全(quan)(quan)鑒定報(bao)告》在西寧定稿，至(zhi)此，龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)大壩(ba)安(an)全(quan)(quan)鑒定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)全(quan)(quan)部結(jie)束(shu)。《黃(huang)河(he)龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)安(an)全(quan)(quan)鑒定報(bao)告》的(de)(de)最終結(jie)論(lun)為：龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水電(dian)站自1986年(nian)(nian)下閘蓄(xu)水運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)至(zhi)今已十三年(nian)(nian)多，經歷了(le)三次較(jiao)高(gao)水位、三次3級左(zuo)右的(de)(de)水庫誘(you)發地震活動(dong)期(qi)和(he)兩次里(li)氏4.0級以上(shang)的(de)(de)構(gou)造地震影響，總(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)來說(shuo)近壩(ba)庫岸(an)、大壩(ba)和(he)兩岸(an)壩(ba)肩(jian)巖體(ti)(ti)、引水系統和(he)發電(dian)廠(chang)房等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀況正常。龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)是安(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)，各建(jian)筑物工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)未見明顯異常，已具備進行(xing)(xing)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件，存在問題需(xu)在運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)中不斷解決，以利于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。驗(yan)收(shou)委(wei)員會對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)總(zong)(zong)評價，認為龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)來看大壩(ba)徑(jing)向和(he)切(qie)向變(bian)(bian)位絕對值較(jiao)小，基(ji)礎和(he)深部斷層變(bian)(bian)位較(jiao)小，壩(ba)體(ti)(ti)防(fang)滲(shen)效果好，大壩(ba)和(he)基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)狀態(tai)正常；主(zhu)壩(ba)及基(ji)礎處理(li)整體(ti)(ti)質量合格(ge)，斷層帶高(gao)壓固結(jie)灌漿(jiang)后(hou)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)模量滿足要(yao)(yao)求；設計(ji)技術方案合理(li)、可靠(kao)，滿足規范要(yao)(yao)求。

工程施工

龍羊峽(xia)水電站由于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址有10條大斷層(ceng)，因此(ci)進行(xing)了(le)大規模的處理(li)(li)工作。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)處理(li)(li)的主要(yao)措(cuo)施(shi)有：調整拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)形，使壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)肩向兩(liang)岸適(shi)當深(shen)嵌，避開(kai)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)肩被斷裂割切的不利影響(xiang)，使拱端推力(li)(li)方(fang)向與可(ke)能滑移面近于正交；對近壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)斷層(ceng)采(cai)用(yong)網(wang)格(ge)式混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)置(zhi)換(huan)洞塞(sai)；對較寬的斷層(ceng)及其交匯帶采(cai)用(yong)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)力(li)(li)洞塞(sai)和傳(chuan)力(li)(li)槽塞(sai)，傳(chuan)力(li)(li)洞斷面達60m；在F73斷層(ceng)上，設置(zhi)網(wang)格(ge)式混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)抗剪洞塞(sai)；對斷層(ceng)周圍巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)和近壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)未(wei)經置(zhi)換(huan)處理(li)(li)的斷層(ceng)進行(xing)高(gao)壓(ya)固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)；對兩(liang)岸局部不穩(wen)定巖(yan)(yan)體(ti)，采(cai)用(yong)抗剪洞塞(sai)，預應(ying)力(li)(li)錨索、錨樁、錨桿、表(biao)面襯護(hu)、排(pai)(pai)水等方(fang)法加固(gu)；壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基(ji)防滲帷(wei)幕和排(pai)(pai)水幕延伸(shen)至兩(liang)岸深(shen)部并(bing)在壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)前(qian)用(yong)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)封堵(du)、高(gao)壓(ya)固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、化學灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)等方(fang)法攔(lan)截滲流。帷(wei)幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)為(wei)2排(pai)(pai)，谷(gu)底孔(kong)深(shen)80m，左岸孔(kong)深(shen)160m。基(ji)礎處理(li)(li)總工程量(liang)為(wei)：地下巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)洞挖18萬(wan)m，回填混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)12萬(wan)m，帷(wei)幕灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)16.4萬(wan)m，固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)26.1萬(wan)m，化學灌(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)1.45萬(wan)m，排(pai)(pai)水孔(kong)5.3萬(wan)m，巖(yan)(yan)錨7萬(wan)t，噴錨護(hu)面2萬(wan)m。

采用(yong)(yong)隧洞導(dao)流，基坑全(quan)年施(shi)工(gong)的方式。導(dao)流隧洞為馬蹄(ti)形，底(di)(di)寬15m，邊墻高12～14m，按20年一(yi)(yi)遇洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)設計。上(shang)游堆石圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)高53m，長85m，用(yong)(yong)厚0.96～1.94m的鋼(gang)筋混凝土(tu)心墻防(fang)滲(shen)。圍(wei)堰(yan)(yan)右端設有(you)施(shi)工(gong)期用(yong)(yong)的非常溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)道，底(di)(di)寬10.5m，最(zui)大泄流能力700m/s。1981年9月(yue)發生200年一(yi)(yi)遇大洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)，流量(liang)5570m/s，從非常溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)道分流540m/s。1979年12月(yue)截流，流量(liang)690m/s，用(yong)(yong)鉛絲(si)籠塊石、13t混凝土(tu)四面體立堵，最(zui)大落差1.4m。

旅游

從西(xi)寧出發，過(guo)日月山，南行到146公里，便是世界聞名、中國第二大水(shui)電站－－龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽水(shui)電站。這座(zuo)水(shui)電站上距(ju)黃(huang)河發源地1684公里，下(xia)至黃(huang)河入海口(kou)3376公里，是黃(huang)河上游第一座(zuo)大型(xing)梯(ti)級電站，人稱黃(huang)河“龍(long)(long)頭”電站。

交通工具：汽車(che)。