芒果视频下载

概況

“龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”系藏語，“龍”為(wei)溝谷，“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”為(wei)峻(jun)崖，即峻(jun)崖深(shen)谷之意(yi)。峽(xia)谷西(xi)部入口(kou)處(chu)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)2460米(mi)，東端出口(kou)處(chu)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)2222米(mi)，河道(dao)天然(ran)落差近240米(mi)，龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)在峽(xia)谷入口(kou)處(chu)龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，由攔河大壩(ba)(ba)、防水(shui)建(jian)筑和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)廠房三部分(fen)組(zu)成，壩(ba)(ba)高178米(mi)，壩(ba)(ba)長1226米(mi)(其中(zhong)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)長396米(mi))，寬(kuan)23米(mi)，形成了一座面積383平方千米(mi)、庫(ku)容(rong)247億立方米(mi)的(de)(de)人工水(shui)庫(ku)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)總裝機容(rong)量128萬(wan)千瓦(安裝4臺32萬(wan)千瓦水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組(zu))，并(bing)入國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，強大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)源源不(bu)斷輸往西(xi)寧、蘭(lan)州、西(xi)安等工業城市，并(bing)將輸入青海(hai)(hai)西(xi)部的(de)(de)柴達木(mu)盆地和(he)甘肅西(xi)部的(de)(de)河西(xi)走廊(lang)，支援中(zhong)國西(xi)部的(de)(de)現代化建(jian)設。除發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外，龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)還具有防洪、防凌(ling)、灌溉、養殖等綜(zong)合效益。

規模

龍羊峽(xia)水(shui)電站最大壩(ba)高(gao)178米(mi)。壩(ba)底寬80米(mi)，壩(ba)頂寬15米(mi)，主壩(ba)長396米(mi)，左右兩岸均(jun)高(gao)附壩(ba)，大壩(ba)全長1140米(mi)。它不(bu)僅可以將(jiang)黃河(he)上游(you)13萬平方公(gong)(gong)里的年流(liu)量全部攔住，而(er)將(jiang)在這里形成一座面積為380平方公(gong)(gong)里、總庫密量為240億立方米(mi)的人工水(shui)庫。

經濟價值

電(dian)站建成后，可裝32萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)的發電(dian)機4臺，總裝機容量(liang)達128萬(wan)(wan)千瓦(wa)(wa)，年發電(dian)量(liang)為(wei)23.6億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)。龍羊峽(xia)水電(dian)站除發電(dian)之(zhi)外(wai)，還具有防洪(hong)、防凌、灌溉、養殖四大(da)效益。龍羊峽(xia)水電(dian)站自投入運行到2001年5月(yue)25日，已安全發電(dian)546.24億(yi)千瓦(wa)(wa)時(shi)，創產值40.8億(yi)元；為(wei)西北電(dian)網的調峰(feng)、調頻(pin)和下游防洪(hong)、防凌、灌溉及(ji)緩解下游斷流發揮(hui)了(le)重(zhong)要作(zuo)用，是黃河干流其它水電(dian)站都無法替代的。為(wei)促進青海經濟發展奠定了(le)基礎，同(tong)時(shi)也為(wei)龍羊峽(xia)地區(qu)的旅游、養殖和改變區(qu)域環(huan)境(jing)創造了(le)條件(jian)。

建設歷史

龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)設從1976年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始，1979年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)截流(liu)(liu)；1982年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)開(kai)始澆筑主(zhu)壩混凝土；1986年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)15日(ri)導流(liu)(liu)洞(dong)下閘蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)；4臺發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組分(fen)別(bie)于1987年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)4日(ri)、1987年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)8日(ri)、1988年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)5日(ri)、1989年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)14日(ri)相(xiang)繼(ji)投產；泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)筑物底、深、中孔在(zai)1987年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)1989年(nian)(nian)期間(jian)相(xiang)繼(ji)投入使用；1990年(nian)(nian)主(zhu)壩封拱(gong)高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)(zhi)2610米；1993年(nian)(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)銷(xiao)號(hao)，未(wei)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)項目轉入尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。2000年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)《黃(huang)河龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)安全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)報(bao)告》在(zai)西寧定(ding)稿，至(zhi)(zhi)此(ci)，龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)壩安全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作全(quan)部(bu)結(jie)束。《黃(huang)河龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)安全(quan)鑒(jian)(jian)定(ding)報(bao)告》的(de)最終結(jie)論為：龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)1986年(nian)(nian)下閘蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)已十三年(nian)(nian)多(duo)，經歷了(le)三次較高水(shui)(shui)(shui)位、三次3級左(zuo)右的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫誘發地(di)震(zhen)活動(dong)期和(he)兩(liang)次里氏4.0級以上的(de)構造(zao)地(di)震(zhen)影響，總的(de)來說近(jin)壩庫岸(an)(an)、大(da)壩和(he)兩(liang)岸(an)(an)壩肩巖(yan)體(ti)、引水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統和(he)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠房等工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)況正(zheng)常(chang)。龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總體(ti)是(shi)安全(quan)的(de)，各建(jian)筑物工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)態未(wei)見明顯(xian)異常(chang)，已具備進行(xing)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)條件，存在(zai)問題(ti)需在(zai)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)中不斷解(jie)決，以利于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)安全(quan)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)。驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)委員會(hui)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)作出總評價，認(ren)為龍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總體(ti)來看大(da)壩徑向和(he)切向變(bian)位絕對值較小，基礎(chu)和(he)深部(bu)斷層變(bian)位較小，壩體(ti)防滲效果好(hao)，大(da)壩和(he)基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作狀(zhuang)態正(zheng)常(chang)；主(zhu)壩及(ji)基礎(chu)處理整(zheng)體(ti)質量(liang)合(he)格，斷層帶高壓固結(jie)灌(guan)漿后變(bian)形(xing)模量(liang)滿(man)足要(yao)求；設計技術方案合(he)理、可(ke)靠，滿(man)足規范要(yao)求。

工程施工

龍羊峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站由于(yu)壩(ba)址有10條大(da)斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)，因此進行了(le)大(da)規(gui)模(mo)的(de)處(chu)理(li)工作。壩(ba)基(ji)處(chu)理(li)的(de)主要措施有：調整拱(gong)壩(ba)體形，使壩(ba)肩向(xiang)兩(liang)岸適當深(shen)(shen)(shen)嵌(qian)，避開壩(ba)肩被斷(duan)(duan)裂割切的(de)不(bu)利影響，使拱(gong)端推力方向(xiang)與可(ke)能滑(hua)移面近于(yu)正(zheng)交；對(dui)近壩(ba)斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)網格(ge)式混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)置(zhi)換洞(dong)塞(sai)；對(dui)較寬的(de)斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)及(ji)其交匯帶采(cai)(cai)用(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)傳(chuan)力洞(dong)塞(sai)和傳(chuan)力槽塞(sai)，傳(chuan)力洞(dong)斷(duan)(duan)面達60m；在F73斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)上，設(she)置(zhi)網格(ge)式混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)抗(kang)剪洞(dong)塞(sai)；對(dui)斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)周圍巖(yan)石和近壩(ba)未經置(zhi)換處(chu)理(li)的(de)斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)進行高壓固(gu)結(jie)灌漿；對(dui)兩(liang)岸局部不(bu)穩定巖(yan)體，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)抗(kang)剪洞(dong)塞(sai)，預應力錨(mao)(mao)索、錨(mao)(mao)樁、錨(mao)(mao)桿(gan)、表面襯護、排(pai)水(shui)(shui)等(deng)方法加固(gu)；壩(ba)基(ji)防滲帷幕和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)幕延伸(shen)至(zhi)兩(liang)岸深(shen)(shen)(shen)部并在壩(ba)前用(yong)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)封堵、高壓固(gu)結(jie)灌漿、化學(xue)灌漿等(deng)方法攔截(jie)滲流。帷幕灌漿孔(kong)為2排(pai)，谷底孔(kong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)80m，左岸孔(kong)深(shen)(shen)(shen)160m。基(ji)礎處(chu)理(li)總工程(cheng)量為：地下巖(yan)石洞(dong)挖18萬(wan)(wan)m，回(hui)填混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)12萬(wan)(wan)m，帷幕灌漿16.4萬(wan)(wan)m，固(gu)結(jie)灌漿26.1萬(wan)(wan)m，化學(xue)灌漿1.45萬(wan)(wan)m，排(pai)水(shui)(shui)孔(kong)5.3萬(wan)(wan)m，巖(yan)錨(mao)(mao)7萬(wan)(wan)t，噴(pen)錨(mao)(mao)護面2萬(wan)(wan)m。

采用隧洞導流(liu)(liu)，基坑全年(nian)(nian)施(shi)工(gong)的(de)方式。導流(liu)(liu)隧洞為馬蹄(ti)形，底(di)(di)寬15m，邊(bian)墻高(gao)12～14m，按20年(nian)(nian)一遇洪(hong)水設(she)計。上游堆石(shi)圍堰高(gao)53m，長(chang)85m，用厚0.96～1.94m的(de)鋼筋混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)心(xin)墻防滲。圍堰右端設(she)有(you)施(shi)工(gong)期用的(de)非常(chang)溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)，底(di)(di)寬10.5m，最大泄流(liu)(liu)能力(li)700m/s。1981年(nian)(nian)9月發生200年(nian)(nian)一遇大洪(hong)水，流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)5570m/s，從非常(chang)溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)分流(liu)(liu)540m/s。1979年(nian)(nian)12月截流(liu)(liu)，流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)690m/s，用鉛(qian)絲籠塊石(shi)、13t混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)四面體立堵，最大落差1.4m。

旅游

從西寧(ning)出(chu)發，過(guo)日(ri)月山(shan)，南(nan)行到146公(gong)里，便(bian)是世界聞(wen)名、中國第(di)二(er)大水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)－－龍羊峽水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)。這(zhe)座水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)上距黃河(he)發源地1684公(gong)里，下至黃河(he)入海口3376公(gong)里，是黃河(he)上游第(di)一座大型梯級電(dian)站(zhan)，人稱黃河(he)“龍頭”電(dian)站(zhan)。

交通工(gong)具：汽車。