芒果视频下载

概況

“龍羊(yang)”系藏語，“龍”為溝谷(gu)，“羊(yang)”為峻崖，即峻崖深(shen)谷(gu)之(zhi)意。峽谷(gu)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)入口處(chu)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)2460米(mi)(mi)，東端出口處(chu)海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)2222米(mi)(mi)，河(he)(he)道天然落差近240米(mi)(mi)，龍羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)建(jian)(jian)在峽谷(gu)入口處(chu)龍羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)，由攔河(he)(he)大(da)壩、防水(shui)(shui)(shui)建(jian)(jian)筑和電(dian)站(zhan)廠房(fang)三(san)部(bu)分組成，壩高178米(mi)(mi)，壩長(chang)1226米(mi)(mi)(其中主壩長(chang)396米(mi)(mi))，寬(kuan)23米(mi)(mi)，形成了一座面(mian)積383平方千(qian)米(mi)(mi)、庫(ku)容(rong)247億立(li)方米(mi)(mi)的(de)人工水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。電(dian)站(zhan)總(zong)裝機(ji)容(rong)量128萬千(qian)瓦(安(an)(an)裝4臺32萬千(qian)瓦水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪發電(dian)機(ji)組)，并(bing)入國家電(dian)網，強大(da)的(de)電(dian)流(liu)源(yuan)源(yuan)不(bu)斷輸往西(xi)(xi)寧(ning)、蘭州、西(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)等(deng)工業城(cheng)市，并(bing)將輸入青海(hai)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)的(de)柴達木盆地和甘肅西(xi)(xi)部(bu)的(de)河(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)走廊，支援中國西(xi)(xi)部(bu)的(de)現代(dai)化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。除發電(dian)外，龍羊(yang)峽水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)還(huan)具有防洪(hong)、防凌、灌溉、養殖等(deng)綜合效益(yi)。

規模

龍羊峽(xia)水(shui)電站最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高178米(mi)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)底寬(kuan)80米(mi)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)15米(mi)，主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長396米(mi)，左右(you)兩岸(an)均高附壩(ba)(ba)(ba)，大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)全長1140米(mi)。它不僅可以將(jiang)黃(huang)河上游13萬(wan)平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)的年(nian)流量全部攔住(zhu)，而將(jiang)在這里(li)形成一座(zuo)面積為380平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)、總庫(ku)密量為240億立方(fang)米(mi)的人工水(shui)庫(ku)。

經濟價值

電(dian)(dian)站建成后，可裝32萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦的發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)4臺，總裝機(ji)容量達128萬(wan)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦，年發電(dian)(dian)量為(wei)23.6億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)。龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站除(chu)發電(dian)(dian)之(zhi)外，還具(ju)有防洪(hong)、防凌(ling)、灌(guan)溉、養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)四大(da)效益。龍羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站自投入運行到2001年5月25日(ri)，已安全發電(dian)(dian)546.24億(yi)千(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦時(shi)(shi)，創產值40.8億(yi)元；為(wei)西北電(dian)(dian)網的調峰、調頻和下游防洪(hong)、防凌(ling)、灌(guan)溉及緩解下游斷(duan)流(liu)發揮了(le)重要作用(yong)，是黃河干(gan)流(liu)其(qi)它水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站都無法替代(dai)的。為(wei)促進青(qing)海經(jing)濟(ji)發展奠定了(le)基礎，同時(shi)(shi)也為(wei)龍羊(yang)峽(xia)地區的旅游、養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)和改(gai)變區域(yu)環境創造了(le)條件。

建設歷史

龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)建設從1976年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)，1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月實現工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)截(jie)流(liu)；1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月開始(shi)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)(zhu)主(zhu)壩(ba)混凝土；1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月15日導流(liu)洞下(xia)閘蓄水(shui)(shui)；4臺(tai)發電(dian)(dian)機組分(fen)別(bie)于1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月4日、1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月8日、1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月5日、1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月14日相(xiang)繼(ji)(ji)投產；泄水(shui)(shui)建筑(zhu)(zhu)物底(di)、深、中孔在(zai)1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)(zhi)1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)期間相(xiang)繼(ji)(ji)投入使(shi)用；1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)主(zhu)壩(ba)封(feng)拱高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)至(zhi)(zhi)2610米；1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)銷號，未(wei)(wei)完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)項目轉(zhuan)入尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月《黃河(he)龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收安全鑒定(ding)報(bao)告》在(zai)西寧(ning)定(ding)稿，至(zhi)(zhi)此，龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大壩(ba)安全鑒定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)全部(bu)結(jie)束。《黃河(he)龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收安全鑒定(ding)報(bao)告》的(de)最終結(jie)論(lun)為：龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)自1986年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)下(xia)閘蓄水(shui)(shui)運行至(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)已十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)多，經歷了(le)三次(ci)較高(gao)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)、三次(ci)3級(ji)左右(you)的(de)水(shui)(shui)庫誘發地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)活(huo)動期和(he)兩次(ci)里氏4.0級(ji)以上(shang)的(de)構造地(di)震(zhen)(zhen)影響，總(zong)的(de)來(lai)說近壩(ba)庫岸(an)、大壩(ba)和(he)兩岸(an)壩(ba)肩(jian)巖體(ti)(ti)、引水(shui)(shui)系統(tong)和(he)發電(dian)(dian)廠房等(deng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)況正(zheng)常。龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)是(shi)安全的(de)，各建筑(zhu)(zhu)物工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態未(wei)(wei)見明顯異常，已具備(bei)進行竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收的(de)條件，存(cun)在(zai)問題需在(zai)運行中不斷解決，以利于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)安全運行。驗收委員會對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量作(zuo)出總(zong)評價，認為龍(long)(long)羊(yang)峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)體(ti)(ti)來(lai)看大壩(ba)徑向和(he)切向變(bian)(bian)位(wei)絕(jue)對值(zhi)較小，基(ji)礎和(he)深部(bu)斷層(ceng)變(bian)(bian)位(wei)較小，壩(ba)體(ti)(ti)防滲效果好，大壩(ba)和(he)基(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態正(zheng)常；主(zhu)壩(ba)及(ji)基(ji)礎處(chu)理(li)整體(ti)(ti)質(zhi)量合格，斷層(ceng)帶(dai)高(gao)壓(ya)固結(jie)灌漿后變(bian)(bian)形模量滿足要求；設計技術方案合理(li)、可靠，滿足規(gui)范要求。

工程施工

龍羊峽(xia)水(shui)電(dian)站由于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址有10條大斷(duan)(duan)層，因此進行了大規模的(de)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理工作。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基處(chu)(chu)(chu)理的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)措(cuo)施有：調整(zheng)拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)形(xing)，使(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)肩(jian)向兩岸(an)(an)適當深嵌，避開(kai)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)肩(jian)被(bei)斷(duan)(duan)裂(lie)割切的(de)不利影(ying)響，使(shi)拱端(duan)推力(li)(li)方(fang)向與(yu)可能滑(hua)移面(mian)(mian)近于正交(jiao)；對近壩(ba)(ba)(ba)斷(duan)(duan)層采用(yong)網(wang)(wang)格式混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)置(zhi)(zhi)換洞塞(sai)(sai)；對較寬的(de)斷(duan)(duan)層及其交(jiao)匯(hui)帶(dai)采用(yong)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)傳(chuan)力(li)(li)洞塞(sai)(sai)和(he)傳(chuan)力(li)(li)槽塞(sai)(sai)，傳(chuan)力(li)(li)洞斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)達(da)60m；在F73斷(duan)(duan)層上，設置(zhi)(zhi)網(wang)(wang)格式混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)抗剪洞塞(sai)(sai)；對斷(duan)(duan)層周圍巖(yan)石和(he)近壩(ba)(ba)(ba)未(wei)經置(zhi)(zhi)換處(chu)(chu)(chu)理的(de)斷(duan)(duan)層進行高壓固(gu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)；對兩岸(an)(an)局部(bu)不穩(wen)定巖(yan)體(ti)(ti)，采用(yong)抗剪洞塞(sai)(sai)，預(yu)應力(li)(li)錨索(suo)、錨樁、錨桿、表(biao)面(mian)(mian)襯護、排(pai)(pai)水(shui)等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)加固(gu)；壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基防滲(shen)帷(wei)幕(mu)(mu)和(he)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)幕(mu)(mu)延(yan)伸至兩岸(an)(an)深部(bu)并在壩(ba)(ba)(ba)前用(yong)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)封堵(du)、高壓固(gu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)、化(hua)學(xue)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)方(fang)法(fa)攔截滲(shen)流。帷(wei)幕(mu)(mu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)孔(kong)為2排(pai)(pai)，谷底孔(kong)深80m，左岸(an)(an)孔(kong)深160m。基礎處(chu)(chu)(chu)理總工程(cheng)量為：地下(xia)巖(yan)石洞挖(wa)18萬(wan)(wan)m，回填(tian)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)12萬(wan)(wan)m，帷(wei)幕(mu)(mu)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)16.4萬(wan)(wan)m，固(gu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)26.1萬(wan)(wan)m，化(hua)學(xue)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)1.45萬(wan)(wan)m，排(pai)(pai)水(shui)孔(kong)5.3萬(wan)(wan)m，巖(yan)錨7萬(wan)(wan)t，噴錨護面(mian)(mian)2萬(wan)(wan)m。

采(cai)用(yong)(yong)隧洞(dong)(dong)導流(liu)(liu)，基坑全年(nian)施工(gong)的(de)方式。導流(liu)(liu)隧洞(dong)(dong)為馬蹄形，底寬15m，邊墻高(gao)12～14m，按(an)20年(nian)一(yi)遇洪水(shui)設(she)計。上游(you)堆石(shi)圍堰高(gao)53m，長85m，用(yong)(yong)厚(hou)0.96～1.94m的(de)鋼筋混凝土心(xin)墻防滲(shen)。圍堰右(you)端設(she)有施工(gong)期用(yong)(yong)的(de)非常溢洪道(dao)，底寬10.5m，最(zui)大泄流(liu)(liu)能力700m/s。1981年(nian)9月發生200年(nian)一(yi)遇大洪水(shui)，流(liu)(liu)量5570m/s，從非常溢洪道(dao)分流(liu)(liu)540m/s。1979年(nian)12月截流(liu)(liu)，流(liu)(liu)量690m/s，用(yong)(yong)鉛絲(si)籠塊石(shi)、13t混凝土四面(mian)體立(li)堵，最(zui)大落差1.4m。

旅游

從西寧(ning)出(chu)發，過(guo)日月山(shan)，南行到146公里，便是世界聞名、中國(guo)第二大水(shui)電站(zhan)－－龍(long)羊峽水(shui)電站(zhan)。這(zhe)座水(shui)電站(zhan)上距(ju)黃(huang)河(he)(he)發源(yuan)地1684公里，下至黃(huang)河(he)(he)入海口3376公里，是黃(huang)河(he)(he)上游(you)第一(yi)座大型梯級電站(zhan)，人(ren)稱(cheng)黃(huang)河(he)(he)“龍(long)頭(tou)”電站(zhan)。

交通工具：汽車。