簡介
緊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(Jinshuitan Hydropower Station) 位(wei)于中國浙(zhe)江省云和縣境內、甌江上游大溪的支流(liu)龍泉溪上,距云和縣城(cheng)19km,為(wei)壩式水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)。緊水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)以發電(dian)為(wei)主,兼有(you)航運、過木(mu)(竹)、防洪等綜(zong)合效益。主要擔(dan)負(fu)華東(dong)電(dian)網調峰任務,并通過220kV輸(shu)電(dian)線(xian)路(lu)供電(dian)麗(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、溫州地區,形成浙(zhe)南電(dian)力系統。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常(chang)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)184m,相應(ying)庫(ku)容10.4億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米;死水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)164m,相應(ying)庫(ku)容4.87億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米;校核洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)192.7m,相應(ying)總庫(ku)容13.93億(yi)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,具有(you)年(nian)調節性能。電(dian)站(zhan)裝機容量30萬kW,保證(zheng)出力3.03萬kW,多年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)發電(dian)量4.9億(yi)kW·h。過壩設施(shi)年(nian)通過能力:貨物(wu)18萬t,竹木(mu)約(yue)30萬立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米。
水(shui)利工程壩(ba)址(zhi)以上(shang)流域面(mian)積2761平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里,氣候溫和,雨量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),多年平(ping)均流量(liang)(liang)100立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒,年徑流量(liang)(liang)31.54億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi),1000年一遇洪峰流量(liang)(liang)11700立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒,10000年一遇洪峰流量(liang)(liang)14900立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)/秒,年輸沙(sha)量(liang)(liang)33.1萬t,含沙(sha)量(liang)(liang)僅0.089 kg/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)。壩(ba)區(qu)位(wei)于峽谷河段,為花崗巖(yan)地(di)(di)層。壩(ba)區(qu)地(di)(di)震基(ji)杏(xing)烈度(du)Ⅵ度(du),大壩(ba)按Ⅶ度(du)設防。位(wei)于水(shui)庫上(shang)游的龍(long)泉市是(shi)著名的龍(long)泉寶劍(jian)產地(di)(di),龍(long)泉青瓷是(shi)中國宋代(dai)四大名窯之(zhi)一。
樞紐布置
工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由混凝土拱壩、壩后廠(chang)房、過(guo)船道(dao)和筏道(dao)等(deng)(deng)組成。壩址河(he)谷(gu)呈梯形(xing)(xing),河(he)床寬約100m,河(he)谷(gu)寬高(gao)(gao)(gao)比3.06,兩岸邊坡(po)40°~50°,壩基花崗巖裸(luo)露(lu),巖層完整(zheng),巖必均(jun)(jun)一(yi)、堅硬。壩肩斷(duan)裂規(gui)模小,但延伸較長(chang),節(jie)理裂隙較發育。大(da)(da)壩為(wei)三心(xin)(xin)圓(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)厚(hou)混凝土雙(shuang)曲拱壩,壩高(gao)(gao)(gao)102m,壩頂(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)194m,壩頂(ding)弧長(chang)350.6m、厚(hou)5m,壩底厚(hou)24.6m,厚(hou)高(gao)(gao)(gao)比0.24,弧高(gao)(gao)(gao)比3.44。大(da)(da)壩水(shui)平拱圓(yuan)(yuan)由左(zuo)、中(zhong)、右(you)3段圓(yuan)(yuan)弧曲線(xian)組成,中(zhong)圓(yuan)(yuan)拱圈(quan)(quan)等(deng)(deng)厚(hou),上下游為(wei)同(tong)心(xin)(xin)圓(yuan)(yuan)弧線(xian);左(zuo)、右(you)側圓(yuan)(yuan)拱拱圈(quan)(quan)變(bian)厚(hou),上下游圓(yuan)(yuan)弧不同(tong)心(xin)(xin)。壩頂(ding)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)角:右(you)側圓(yuan)(yuan)16°42′6″,中(zhong)圓(yuan)(yuan)50°,左(zuo)側圓(yuan)(yuan)16°24′。大(da)(da)壩分20個(ge)壩段,橫縫設有豎向鍵(jian)槽,并每隔20m左(zuo)右(you)分一(yi)灌漿(jiang)區。樞紐為(wei)工(gong)(gong)等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),防洪標準為(wei)1000年一(yi)遇設計,10000年一(yi)遇校(xiao)核。泄(xie)洪設施均(jun)(jun)通(tong)過(guo)壩身,即左(zuo)右(you)側均(jun)(jun)設淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)滑雪道(dao)式和中(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)滑雪道(dao)式溢洪道(dao)各(ge)1個(ge)。淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)泄(xie)常年洪水(shui),進(jin)口高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)161m,出口寬8.6m,高(gao)(gao)(gao)8m,2個(ge)淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)最大(da)(da)泄(xie)量(liang)計2788立(li)方米/秒(miao);中(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)除泄(xie)洪外(wai),兼作放空水(shui)庫及施工(gong)(gong)導流之用(yong)(yong),進(jin)口高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)135.8m,出口寬7.5m,高(gao)(gao)(gao)7m,2個(ge)中(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)最大(da)(da)泄(xie)量(liang)計3189立(li)方米/秒(miao),中(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)、淺(qian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)均(jun)(jun)在出口處設弧形(xing)(xing)控制閘門,門后為(wei)滑雪道(dao)式泄(xie)水(shui)道(dao),其末端采用(yong)(yong)鼻坎挑流消能,坎頂(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)122m。水(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)廠(chang)房位(wei)于壩后,長(chang)126.5m,寬18m,高(gao)(gao)(gao)35.8m,廠(chang)房內安裝(zhuang)單機(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)5萬(wan)kW混流式水(shui)輪發電機(ji)(ji)組6臺,額定水(shui)頭69m。電站采用(yong)(yong)單機(ji)(ji)單管引水(shui),壩后背管布置。副廠(chang)房位(wei)于主廠(chang)房上下游兩側,以2回220kV、4回110kV輸電線(xian)路出線(xian)。過(guo)船道(dao)及過(guo)木(mu)(竹)道(dao)位(wei)于右(you)岸,前者采用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)低輪式斜面升船機(ji)(ji),船道(dao)全長(chang)845m。轉盤式木(mu)竹纜車道(dao)全長(chang)644m。
水(shui)利工程(cheng)工程(cheng)于(yu)1981年開工,施工采用隧洞導流(liu)、一次斷(duan)流(liu)、全年施工方(fang)(fang)式,上(shang)游采用混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)拱圍堰,下(xia)游圍堰為混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)重力(li)式,壩基開挖采用預裂(lie)爆破法施工。1987年4月第1臺機(ji)組發電,1988年底6臺機(ji)組全部投產。主體(ti)工程(cheng)量:土(tu)石方(fang)(fang)開挖73.7萬立方(fang)(fang)米,混(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)澆(jiao)筑(zhu)75.1萬立方(fang)(fang)米。水(shui)庫淹(yan)沒耕地1120 公頃,移民21767人(ren),預算總投資5.59億元。
工(gong)程由水(shui)利電力部華東勘測設(she)計研究院(yuan)設(she)計,水(shui)利電力部第十(shi)二(er)工(gong)程局施工(gong)。
其他
該電站是一座大型水電站,在云和縣緊水灘鎮西北金水峽口,以灘得名,是甌江流域龍泉溪梯級開發的第一級。電站水庫庫容13.93億立方米,水庫水面面積34.3平方公里。大壩為水工I級建筑物,壩型采用變圓心,變半徑,三心雙曲變厚混凝土拱壩,屬國內高壩中首次選用。最大壩高102米,壩頂軸線弧長350.6米,壩頂寬5米,壩底寬26.5米。大壩左右兩側,每側各設1個淺孔和1個中孔滑雪式溢洪道,單孔最大(da)(da)泄(xie)洪(hong)量1594立方米(mi)(mi)/每(mei)秒(miao),全(quan)部溢洪(hong)設(she)施最(zui)大(da)(da)泄(xie)洪(hong)能力為(wei)(wei)6177立方米(mi)(mi)/每(mei)秒(miao)。大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)右(you)岸有845.4米(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)的斜坡卷揚道(dao)(dao)式鋼筋混凝土船(chuan)道(dao)(dao)和竹木筏道(dao)(dao),設(she)計過(guo)船(chuan)噸(dun)位為(wei)(wei)30噸(dun),年(nian)(nian)過(guo)壩(ba)(ba)能力18.4萬噸(dun),竹木筏2974萬立方米(mi)(mi)。發電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠房設(she)在壩(ba)(ba)后左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)側中也溢洪(hong)道(dao)(dao)之間(jian),面積1951.2平方米(mi)(mi),由6個(ge)機(ji)組段和1個(ge)裝配間(jian)組成,廠房左(zuo)端設(she)176米(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)的交通洞至金(jin)(jin)水(shui)坑口(kou)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)廠設(she)110千(qian)(qian)伏和220千(qian)(qian)伏變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站,經金(jin)(jin)華并入華東大(da)(da)網。緊水(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站1978年(nian)(nian)開始施工準備,1981年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)主體(ti)(ti)工和動工,1983年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)31日(ri)截流,1986年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)下閘(zha)蓄水(shui),1987年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)4日(ri)1號(hao)機(ji)組并網發電(dian)(dian)(dian),1988年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)31日(ri)6臺機(ji)組全(quan)部投(tou)入運引。電(dian)(dian)(dian)站投(tou)資5.59億元,遷(qian)移人口(kou)21767人。緊水(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站以發電(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)主,并有防(fang)洪(hong)、灌溉、航遠(yuan)、漁業(ye)、林(lin)(lin)果業(ye)、旅游(you)(you)業(ye)等綜(zong)合效益。電(dian)(dian)(dian)站建設(she)期間(jian),水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)部部長(chang)(chang)錢(qian)正英,中共浙江(jiang)省委書記鐵瑛、副書記陳作霖等領導先后到(dao)工地視察(cha)、指導工作。緊水(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站除大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)等主體(ti)(ti)工程外,廠區(qu)占地200余畝,有綠(lv)地150余畝、房屋建筑259012平方米(mi)(mi),內設(she)仙(xian)宮山莊,為(wei)(wei)園林(lin)(lin)式廠區(qu)。緊水(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站年(nian)(nian)接(jie)待游(you)(you)客1.5萬人次。