簡介
緊(jin)(jin)水(shui)灘(tan)(tan)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(Jinshuitan Hydropower Station) 位(wei)(wei)于中國浙(zhe)江(jiang)省云(yun)和縣境內、甌(ou)江(jiang)上游大溪的支流龍泉溪上,距云(yun)和縣城19km,為壩(ba)式(shi)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。緊(jin)(jin)水(shui)灘(tan)(tan)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為主,兼有航(hang)運、過(guo)木(竹)、防洪等(deng)綜合(he)效益(yi)。主要擔負(fu)華東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網調峰任務,并通過(guo)220kV輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)路供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)麗水(shui)、溫(wen)州地(di)區,形成(cheng)浙(zhe)南電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統。水(shui)庫(ku)正(zheng)常蓄水(shui)位(wei)(wei)184m,相應(ying)庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)10.4億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米;死水(shui)位(wei)(wei)164m,相應(ying)庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)4.87億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米;校(xiao)核洪水(shui)位(wei)(wei)192.7m,相應(ying)總庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)13.93億(yi)(yi)立(li)方米,具有年(nian)(nian)調節性(xing)能。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站裝機容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)30萬kW,保證出力3.03萬kW,多年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)年(nian)(nian)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)4.9億(yi)(yi)kW·h。過(guo)壩(ba)設施年(nian)(nian)通過(guo)能力:貨物18萬t,竹木約30萬立(li)方米。
水利工程壩址(zhi)以上流(liu)域面(mian)積2761平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里,氣候溫和,雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛,多年(nian)平(ping)均流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)100立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,年(nian)徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)31.54億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),1000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪峰(feng)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)11700立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,10000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇洪峰(feng)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)14900立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,年(nian)輸沙量(liang)(liang)(liang)33.1萬t,含沙量(liang)(liang)(liang)僅0.089 kg/立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。壩區位于峽谷(gu)河段(duan),為花崗巖地層。壩區地震(zhen)基杏(xing)烈度(du)Ⅵ度(du),大(da)壩按Ⅶ度(du)設防。位于水庫上游(you)的龍(long)泉市是著名的龍(long)泉寶劍產(chan)地,龍(long)泉青瓷是中國(guo)宋代四大(da)名窯之一(yi)(yi)。
樞紐布置
工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)混(hun)凝土拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou)廠(chang)房、過船道(dao)和筏(fa)道(dao)等組成。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址河(he)(he)谷呈(cheng)梯形,河(he)(he)床(chuang)寬約100m,河(he)(he)谷寬高(gao)比(bi)3.06,兩(liang)岸邊坡40°~50°,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基花崗巖裸露,巖層完整,巖必均(jun)一(yi)、堅硬。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)肩(jian)斷裂規模小,但(dan)延伸(shen)較(jiao)長(chang)(chang),節理裂隙較(jiao)發育。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)(wei)三心(xin)(xin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)變(bian)厚(hou)混(hun)凝土雙曲(qu)拱壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)102m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)194m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)弧(hu)長(chang)(chang)350.6m、厚(hou)5m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)底厚(hou)24.6m,厚(hou)高(gao)比(bi)0.24,弧(hu)高(gao)比(bi)3.44。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)水平拱圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)由(you)左、中、右(you)3段圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)曲(qu)線組成,中圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)拱圈等厚(hou),上(shang)下(xia)游(you)為(wei)(wei)同心(xin)(xin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)線;左、右(you)側圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)拱拱圈變(bian)厚(hou),上(shang)下(xia)游(you)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)弧(hu)不同心(xin)(xin)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)中心(xin)(xin)角(jiao):右(you)側圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)16°42′6″,中圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)50°,左側圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)16°24′。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)分20個(ge)(ge)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段,橫縫設有豎(shu)向(xiang)鍵槽,并每隔20m左右(you)分一(yi)灌漿(jiang)區。樞紐為(wei)(wei)工等工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),防洪(hong)標準為(wei)(wei)1000年一(yi)遇(yu)設計(ji),10000年一(yi)遇(yu)校核(he)。泄洪(hong)設施(shi)均(jun)通過壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)身,即左右(you)側均(jun)設淺(qian)孔(kong)滑(hua)(hua)雪(xue)道(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和中孔(kong)滑(hua)(hua)雪(xue)道(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)溢洪(hong)道(dao)各1個(ge)(ge)。淺(qian)孔(kong)泄常(chang)年洪(hong)水,進(jin)口(kou)(kou)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)161m,出口(kou)(kou)寬8.6m,高(gao)8m,2個(ge)(ge)淺(qian)孔(kong)最大(da)泄量(liang)計(ji)2788立(li)方米/秒;中孔(kong)除泄洪(hong)外,兼作放空水庫及施(shi)工導流(liu)之用,進(jin)口(kou)(kou)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)135.8m,出口(kou)(kou)寬7.5m,高(gao)7m,2個(ge)(ge)中孔(kong)最大(da)泄量(liang)計(ji)3189立(li)方米/秒,中孔(kong)、淺(qian)孔(kong)均(jun)在(zai)出口(kou)(kou)處設弧(hu)形控制(zhi)閘門(men)(men),門(men)(men)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)滑(hua)(hua)雪(xue)道(dao)式(shi)(shi)(shi)泄水道(dao),其(qi)末端采(cai)用鼻坎挑流(liu)消(xiao)能,坎頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)122m。水利(li)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)廠(chang)房位(wei)于壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou),長(chang)(chang)126.5m,寬18m,高(gao)35.8m,廠(chang)房內安裝(zhuang)單機容量(liang)5萬(wan)kW混(hun)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)水輪發電機組6臺,額定水頭(tou)69m。電站(zhan)采(cai)用單機單管(guan)引水,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后(hou)背管(guan)布置(zhi)。副廠(chang)房位(wei)于主廠(chang)房上(shang)下(xia)游(you)兩(liang)側,以2回220kV、4回110kV輸電線路出線。過船道(dao)及過木(竹)道(dao)位(wei)于右(you)岸,前(qian)者(zhe)采(cai)用高(gao)低輪式(shi)(shi)(shi)斜面(mian)升船機,船道(dao)全長(chang)(chang)845m。轉盤式(shi)(shi)(shi)木竹纜(lan)車道(dao)全長(chang)(chang)644m。
水(shui)利工(gong)程(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)于1981年開工(gong),施工(gong)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)隧洞導(dao)流、一次斷流、全(quan)(quan)年施工(gong)方(fang)式(shi),上游(you)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)混凝土(tu)(tu)拱圍堰(yan),下游(you)圍堰(yan)為混凝土(tu)(tu)重力(li)式(shi),壩基開挖采(cai)(cai)用(yong)預裂爆破法施工(gong)。1987年4月第1臺(tai)機組(zu)(zu)發(fa)電,1988年底(di)6臺(tai)機組(zu)(zu)全(quan)(quan)部投產(chan)。主體工(gong)程(cheng)量:土(tu)(tu)石(shi)方(fang)開挖73.7萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米,混凝土(tu)(tu)澆(jiao)筑75.1萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)米。水(shui)庫(ku)淹沒耕地(di)1120 公頃,移民21767人,預算總投資5.59億(yi)元(yuan)。
工程由水(shui)利電力部(bu)華東勘(kan)測設計(ji)研究院設計(ji),水(shui)利電力部(bu)第(di)十二工程局施工。
其他
該電站是一座大型水電站,在云和縣緊水灘鎮西北金水峽口,以灘得名,是甌江流域龍泉溪梯級開發的第一級。電站水庫庫容13.93億立方米,水庫水面面積34.3平方公里。大壩為水工I級建筑物,壩型采用變圓心,變半徑,三心雙曲變厚混凝土拱壩,屬國內高壩中首次選用。最大壩高102米,壩頂軸線弧長350.6米,壩頂寬5米,壩底寬26.5米。大壩左右兩側,每側各設1個淺孔和1個中孔滑雪式溢洪道,單孔最大泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)量1594立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/每秒,全部溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)設(she)(she)施最(zui)大泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)能力為(wei)6177立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/每秒。大壩右岸有845.4米(mi)長(chang)的斜坡卷揚(yang)道(dao)式鋼(gang)筋混凝土船(chuan)道(dao)和(he)竹木(mu)筏道(dao),設(she)(she)計過船(chuan)噸(dun)位為(wei)30噸(dun),年(nian)過壩能力18.4萬噸(dun),竹木(mu)筏2974萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。發(fa)電(dian)廠(chang)房設(she)(she)在壩后(hou)左(zuo)右兩側(ce)中也溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)之間,面(mian)積1951.2平方(fang)米(mi),由6個機(ji)(ji)組(zu)段和(he)1個裝(zhuang)配間組(zu)成,廠(chang)房左(zuo)端設(she)(she)176米(mi)長(chang)的交(jiao)通洞至金水(shui)(shui)坑口。電(dian)廠(chang)設(she)(she)110千伏和(he)220千伏變電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),經金華(hua)并(bing)入(ru)華(hua)東(dong)大網(wang)。緊(jin)水(shui)(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1978年(nian)開始施工(gong)準備,1981年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)和(he)動工(gong),1983年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)31日截流,1986年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)下閘蓄水(shui)(shui),1987年(nian)4月(yue)(yue)4日1號機(ji)(ji)組(zu)并(bing)網(wang)發(fa)電(dian),1988年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)31日6臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)全部投入(ru)運引。電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)投資5.59億元,遷移人(ren)口21767人(ren)。緊(jin)水(shui)(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)以發(fa)電(dian)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),并(bing)有防洪(hong)(hong)、灌溉(gai)、航遠、漁業、林(lin)果業、旅(lv)游業等(deng)綜合(he)效益。電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)建設(she)(she)期間,水(shui)(shui)電(dian)部部長(chang)錢正英,中共浙江(jiang)省委書記鐵瑛(ying)、副書記陳作(zuo)霖(lin)等(deng)領導先后(hou)到工(gong)地(di)(di)視(shi)察、指(zhi)導工(gong)作(zuo)。緊(jin)水(shui)(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)除大壩等(deng)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工(gong)程外,廠(chang)區(qu)占地(di)(di)200余畝,有綠地(di)(di)150余畝、房屋建筑259012平方(fang)米(mi),內設(she)(she)仙宮山莊,為(wei)園林(lin)式廠(chang)區(qu)。緊(jin)水(shui)(shui)灘(tan)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)年(nian)接待(dai)游客1.5萬人(ren)次(ci)。