西霞院水庫,是黃河(he)小(xiao)浪底水利樞紐的(de)配套(tao)工程,位于(yu)小(xiao)浪底壩址(zhi)下游16公(gong)里處的(de)黃河(he)干流(liu)上,距離(li)(li)洛陽市25公(gong)里,離(li)(li)孟津縣(xian)城10公(gong)里,離(li)(li)吉利區5公(gong)里,離(li)(li)鄭州市116公(gong)里。水庫的(de)任(ren)務是以(yi)反調節(jie)為(wei)主,結合(he)發電,兼顧灌溉、供水等綜(zong)合(he)利用(yong)。
工程布置及規模
西霞(xia)院反調節水(shui)庫主要建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)有土石壩、泄(xie)(xie)洪閘(zha)(zha)(zha)、排(pai)(pai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)、河(he)床式電(dian)站廠(chang)房、王莊(zhuang)引水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)、壩后灌溉引水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)及電(dian)站安裝間下排(pai)(pai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)洞(dong)等(deng),壩軸線總長3122m,其中(泄(xie)(xie)洪、發(fa)電(dian)、引水(shui))混凝土壩段長513m。泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)、發(fa)電(dian)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)集中布置在(zai)右岸(an)灘地(di),共設置21孔(kong)泄(xie)(xie)洪閘(zha)(zha)(zha),排(pai)(pai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)包括(kuo)電(dian)站廠(chang)房左側(ce)的排(pai)(pai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)洞(dong)、右側(ce)的排(pai)(pai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)和(he)機組之間的排(pai)(pai)沙(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)底孔(kong),王莊(zhuang)引水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)位于(yu)泄(xie)(xie)洪閘(zha)(zha)(zha)右側(ce),灌溉引水(shui)閘(zha)(zha)(zha)位于(yu)電(dian)站下游(you)左側(ce)岸(an)邊(bian)。
左右岸灘地和河槽段為(wei)土工(gong)膜斜(xie)墻砂礫石壩(ba)(ba)(ba),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)20.2m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬8.0m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)138.2m,上(shang)游邊(bian)坡1:2.75,下游邊(bian)坡1:2.25。其(qi)中左岸(含河槽段)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長1725.5m,右岸壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長883.5m,砂礫石壩(ba)(ba)(ba)總(zong)長2609m。水(shui)電站為(wei)河床式廠房,最大(da)高(gao)度為(wei)51.5m,設有(you)4臺單機容量(liang)(liang)為(wei)35 MW的軸流轉漿式水(shui)輪發(fa)電機組,總(zong)裝機容量(liang)(liang)140MW,多年(nian)平均發(fa)電量(liang)(liang)5.83億kw.h。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基防滲(shen)采(cai)用混凝土防滲(shen)墻。工(gong)程(cheng)規模(mo)為(wei)大(da)(2)型。
西霞(xia)院反調節水(shui)庫總庫容1.62億m3,正常蓄(xu)水(shui)位134m,汛期(qi)限制水(shui)位131m。西霞(xia)院工程(cheng)主要工程(cheng)量為:土石(shi)方(fang)開挖730萬(wan)m3,混凝(ning)土防滲(shen)墻9.8萬(wan)m2,混凝(ning)土85.3萬(wan)m3,大(da)壩土石(shi)方(fang)填筑283.22萬(wan)m3,金屬結構8720t,鋼材4.6萬(wan)t。
投資與工期
工(gong)(gong)(gong)程概算總投資(zi)(zi)21.97億元(yuan),其中由小(xiao)浪底建管(guan)局籌資(zi)(zi)5億元(yuan),其余(yu)部分由國家投資(zi)(zi)。前期準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)程從2003年元(yuan)月(yue)開工(gong)(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)(gong)期1年;主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程于(yu)2004年元(yuan)月(yue)開工(gong)(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)(gong)期4.5年;2007年6月(yue)18日,首臺機(ji)組并網(wang)發電;2009年3月(yue)27日,工(gong)(gong)(gong)程6個專項的第一項——消(xiao)防(fang)系(xi)統通(tong)(tong)過(guo)驗收;2009年7月(yue)15日,水土保持設施通(tong)(tong)過(guo)驗收。2011年3月(yue)2日,順(shun)利通(tong)(tong)過(guo)水利部組織的竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)驗收。
工程移民
西霞院工(gong)程淹沒及(ji)影響人6181人,淹沒土(tu)地(di)30156.8畝,施工(gong)占壓土(tu)地(di)8025.65畝。
工程特點
1、反(fan)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)運用(yong)。西(xi)霞院水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)通過對小浪底水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)發(fa)電(dian)的(de)(de)不穩定(ding)流(liu)進行再調(diao)(diao)節(jie),使下(xia)泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)流(liu)均勻穩定(ding),減(jian)(jian)少下(xia)游(you)河(he)床的(de)(de)擺動,減(jian)(jian)輕對下(xia)游(you)堤防等(deng)防護(hu)工程的(de)(de)沖刷。當小浪底發(fa)電(dian)流(liu)量較大時(shi),西(xi)霞院水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)按反(fan)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)流(liu)量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)發(fa)電(dian),多余水(shui)(shui)量存于庫(ku)(ku)(ku)中,或根據需要(yao)(yao)調(diao)(diao)峰(feng)發(fa)電(dian);當小浪底水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站停機時(shi),利用(yong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)中存水(shui)(shui)按反(fan)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)量下(xia)泄(xie),滿足(zu)黃河(he)下(xia)游(you)河(he)段(duan)的(de)(de)工農業用(yong)水(shui)(shui)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。
2、壩(ba)體采用復合土(tu)工膜(mo)防滲。以復合土(tu)工膜(mo)代替(ti)粘土(tu)心墻防滲,減(jian)少粘土(tu)料場(chang),少占耕(geng)地(di),節約投資。
3、地基處理(li)難度大(da)。由于西霞(xia)院水庫(ku)(ku)大(da)壩坐落在黃河多(duo)年(nian)淤積的砂(sha)礫(li)石層上(shang),壩基處理(li)難度很大(da)。西霞(xia)院水庫(ku)(ku)的發電和(he)泄洪壩段為混(hun)凝土壩,坐落在黃河多(duo)年(nian)沉(chen)積的軟巖上(shang)。如何處理(li)好51.5m高的混(hun)凝土壩基礎,這是擺在設計人員、施工人員和(he)建設管理(li)者(zhe)面前的嚴(yan)峻(jun)課題。
西霞院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建(jian)成(cheng)后,將大大改善(shan)黃河(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條件,減少黃河(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)斷流的發(fa)生,可以在下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)發(fa)展(zhan)灌溉面積(ji)113.8萬畝,每年還(huan)可以向附近城鎮供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)10019萬立(li)方(fang)米。另(ling)外(wai),西霞院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫平均(jun)年發(fa)電量5.83億度。 據了解,西霞院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫深度為51.5米,每年進(jin)行調(diao)(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)(diao)沙時,排泄孔敞開下(xia)(xia)(xia)泄,泥沙不會(hui)淤積(ji),也(ye)不會(hui)妨礙下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)打撈(lao)“流魚”。另(ling)外(wai),2008年北(bei)(bei)京奧運會(hui)期(qi)間(jian),西霞院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫還(huan)將作為南水(shui)(shui)(shui)北(bei)(bei)調(diao)(diao)中線工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)備用水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。很多大型水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都(dou)有反(fan)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),比如三峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)配(pei)套的反(fan)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是葛洲壩。不過三峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是先建(jian)反(fan)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)葛洲壩,而小浪底工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是后建(jian)反(fan)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西霞院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。