西霞院水(shui)庫(ku),是(shi)(shi)黃河小(xiao)浪底(di)水(shui)利樞紐的配套工(gong)程,位于小(xiao)浪底(di)壩址(zhi)下游(you)16公里處的黃河干流上,距離(li)洛陽市25公里,離(li)孟津縣城(cheng)10公里,離(li)吉(ji)利區(qu)5公里,離(li)鄭州(zhou)市116公里。水(shui)庫(ku)的任務是(shi)(shi)以反(fan)調節為主,結合發(fa)電,兼顧灌溉、供(gong)水(shui)等綜合利用。
工程布置及規模
西(xi)霞(xia)院反調節(jie)水(shui)庫主要建(jian)筑(zhu)物有土石壩(ba)、泄洪(hong)閘(zha)、排(pai)沙閘(zha)、河床式(shi)電站廠房、王莊引水(shui)閘(zha)、壩(ba)后灌溉引水(shui)閘(zha)及電站安裝間下排(pai)沙洞(dong)(dong)等,壩(ba)軸線總長3122m,其(qi)中(泄洪(hong)、發電、引水(shui))混(hun)凝土壩(ba)段長513m。泄水(shui)、發電建(jian)筑(zhu)物集中布置在右岸(an)灘地(di),共設置21孔(kong)泄洪(hong)閘(zha),排(pai)沙建(jian)筑(zhu)物包括(kuo)電站廠房左側的排(pai)沙洞(dong)(dong)、右側的排(pai)沙閘(zha)和機組(zu)之間的排(pai)沙底孔(kong),王莊引水(shui)閘(zha)位于泄洪(hong)閘(zha)右側,灌溉引水(shui)閘(zha)位于電站下游左側岸(an)邊。
左右(you)岸灘地和河槽(cao)段為(wei)土工膜(mo)斜墻(qiang)砂礫(li)石壩(ba)(ba),最(zui)(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)20.2m,壩(ba)(ba)頂寬8.0m,壩(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)138.2m,上(shang)游邊(bian)坡1:2.75,下(xia)游邊(bian)坡1:2.25。其中左岸(含河槽(cao)段)壩(ba)(ba)長1725.5m,右(you)岸壩(ba)(ba)長883.5m,砂礫(li)石壩(ba)(ba)總(zong)長2609m。水電站為(wei)河床(chuang)式廠房,最(zui)(zui)大高(gao)度(du)為(wei)51.5m,設有4臺單機(ji)容量(liang)為(wei)35 MW的軸流(liu)轉(zhuan)漿式水輪(lun)發電機(ji)組,總(zong)裝機(ji)容量(liang)140MW,多年平均發電量(liang)5.83億kw.h。壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)防滲(shen)采用混凝(ning)土防滲(shen)墻(qiang)。工程(cheng)規模為(wei)大(2)型。
西霞(xia)院反(fan)調(diao)節水庫總庫容1.62億m3,正常蓄(xu)水位134m,汛期限制水位131m。西霞(xia)院工(gong)程主要工(gong)程量為:土(tu)石方開挖730萬(wan)m3,混(hun)凝土(tu)防滲(shen)墻9.8萬(wan)m2,混(hun)凝土(tu)85.3萬(wan)m3,大壩土(tu)石方填筑283.22萬(wan)m3,金屬結構(gou)8720t,鋼(gang)材4.6萬(wan)t。
投資與工期
工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程概算總投資(zi)21.97億元(yuan),其中由(you)(you)小浪底建管(guan)局籌資(zi)5億元(yuan),其余(yu)部分由(you)(you)國(guo)家投資(zi)。前(qian)期準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程從2003年(nian)元(yuan)月開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期1年(nian);主(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程于2004年(nian)元(yuan)月開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期4.5年(nian);2007年(nian)6月18日(ri),首臺機組并網(wang)發電;2009年(nian)3月27日(ri),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程6個專項的(de)第一項——消防(fang)系統通(tong)過驗(yan)收(shou);2009年(nian)7月15日(ri),水土保持(chi)設施通(tong)過驗(yan)收(shou)。2011年(nian)3月2日(ri),順利通(tong)過水利部組織的(de)竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)。
工程移民
西(xi)霞院工程淹沒及影響人6181人,淹沒土地30156.8畝,施工占壓土地8025.65畝。
工程特點
1、反(fan)調(diao)節(jie)運用。西霞(xia)院(yuan)水(shui)庫(ku)通過對小(xiao)(xiao)浪(lang)底水(shui)電(dian)站調(diao)峰發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的不穩定流(liu)進行再調(diao)節(jie),使下(xia)(xia)(xia)泄水(shui)流(liu)均勻穩定,減少下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)河床的擺動,減輕對下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)堤(di)防等(deng)防護工程的沖(chong)刷。當(dang)小(xiao)(xiao)浪(lang)底發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)流(liu)量較(jiao)大(da)時,西霞(xia)院(yuan)水(shui)庫(ku)按反(fan)調(diao)節(jie)流(liu)量要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian),多余(yu)水(shui)量存于庫(ku)中,或根據需要(yao)(yao)調(diao)峰發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian);當(dang)小(xiao)(xiao)浪(lang)底水(shui)電(dian)站停機時,利用庫(ku)中存水(shui)按反(fan)調(diao)節(jie)水(shui)量下(xia)(xia)(xia)泄,滿足黃河下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)河段的工農(nong)業用水(shui)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。
2、壩體采(cai)用復合土(tu)(tu)工膜(mo)防滲。以(yi)復合土(tu)(tu)工膜(mo)代替粘土(tu)(tu)心墻防滲,減少(shao)粘土(tu)(tu)料場,少(shao)占耕(geng)地(di),節約投資。
3、地基處理(li)難度大。由于西霞院水(shui)庫(ku)大壩坐落在(zai)黃(huang)河多年淤積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)砂礫石(shi)層(ceng)上(shang),壩基處理(li)難度很(hen)大。西霞院水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)(de)(de)發電和泄(xie)洪壩段為混凝土壩,坐落在(zai)黃(huang)河多年沉積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)軟巖上(shang)。如何處理(li)好(hao)51.5m高的(de)(de)(de)混凝土壩基礎,這是擺在(zai)設(she)計人員(yuan)、施(shi)工人員(yuan)和建設(she)管理(li)者面(mian)前的(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)峻(jun)課題。
西(xi)霞院水(shui)(shui)庫建(jian)成后(hou),將大(da)大(da)改(gai)善黃(huang)河(he)下游(you)供水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)件,減少黃(huang)河(he)下游(you)斷流的發(fa)生,可(ke)(ke)以在下游(you)發(fa)展灌(guan)溉面積113.8萬(wan)畝,每(mei)年還可(ke)(ke)以向附近城鎮供水(shui)(shui)10019萬(wan)立方米。另外,西(xi)霞院水(shui)(shui)庫平均年發(fa)電量5.83億(yi)度。 據了(le)解,西(xi)霞院水(shui)(shui)庫深度為51.5米,每(mei)年進(jin)行調水(shui)(shui)調沙時(shi),排泄孔敞開(kai)下泄,泥沙不會淤(yu)積,也不會妨(fang)礙下游(you)打撈(lao)“流魚”。另外,2008年北京奧(ao)運(yun)會期(qi)間,西(xi)霞院水(shui)(shui)庫還將作為南(nan)水(shui)(shui)北調中(zhong)線工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)備用水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。很多大(da)型水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)都有反(fan)調節(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),比如(ru)三峽水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)配套的反(fan)調節(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是葛洲壩。不過三峽水(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是先(xian)建(jian)反(fan)調節(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)葛洲壩,而小(xiao)浪底(di)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是后(hou)建(jian)反(fan)調節(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)西(xi)霞院水(shui)(shui)。