概況
石佛(fo)寺水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)程是遼(liao)河(he)干流(liu)上唯一(yi)的(de)(de)控(kong)制性工(gong)(gong)程,也(ye)是國內(nei)流(liu)域干流(liu)上大型(xing)的(de)(de)平原水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku),工(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)建(jian)設使遼(liao)河(he)中下游地區防(fang)洪標準由(you)30年一(yi)遇(yu)提(ti)高到100年一(yi)遇(yu),遠(yuan)期(qi)滿足(zu)“北水(shui)(shui)南(nan)調(diao)”工(gong)(gong)程反調(diao)節水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。主(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)筑物由(you)42.7km長(chang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)副(fu)壩(ba)和(he)凈寬200m的(de)(de)泄洪閘組成,水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)總庫(ku)(ku)容1.85億立方米(mi),2005年7月主(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)程完工(gong)(gong)。
石佛寺水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)是典(dian)型(xing)的河(he)道型(xing)平原水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)。2012年(nian)11月(yue),遼河(he)石佛寺水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)榮獲中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)利優質(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)大(da)禹(yu)獎。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)于(yu)2003年(nian)5月(yue)開工(gong)(gong),2005年(nian)10月(yue)主體(ti)完工(gong)(gong)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)樞(shu)紐由主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、泄洪閘、穿壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)建筑物等組(zu)成。閘壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)全長(chang)42.6公(gong)里(li),其中(zhong)主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)12.4公(gong)里(li),副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)29.9公(gong)里(li),泄洪閘共有16孔,總寬248.5千米(mi)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)型(xing)為(wei)均質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)12.10米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)寬6米(mi)。副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)在(zai)原堤(di)防除高(gao)(gao)度外按副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)標(biao)準施工(gong)(gong)基礎上加高(gao)(gao)培厚,分為(wei)左岸(an)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和右岸(an)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)。左岸(an)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)9307米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)型(xing)為(wei)均質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)8.2米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)寬6米(mi)。右岸(an)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)3530米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)型(xing)為(wei)均質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)8.1米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)寬6米(mi)。防護(hu)堤(di)長(chang)17116米(mi),為(wei)均質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)堤(di),最(zui)大(da)堤(di)高(gao)(gao)7米(mi),堤(di)頂(ding)(ding)寬6米(mi)。工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)按100年(nian)一(yi)遇洪水(shui)(shui)標(biao)準設(she)計(ji),300年(nian)一(yi)遇洪水(shui)(shui)標(biao)準校核。總庫(ku)(ku)容1.85億立(li)方米(mi),其中(zhong)防洪庫(ku)(ku)容1.60億立(li)方米(mi)。
水庫(ku)的主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)、右副壩(ba)(ba)是(shi)(shi)均質(zhi)壩(ba)(ba),地(di)基特性是(shi)(shi)第(di)四系(xi)覆蓋。泄洪(hong)閘(zha)是(shi)(shi)平(ping)頂閘(zha), 泄洪(hong)閘(zha)布置在主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)右端(duan)的主(zhu)河槽左(zuo)側上,閘(zha)軸線與主(zhu)河道基本(ben)垂直,閘(zha)兩端(duan)與主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)連接,閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)型式(shi)是(shi)(shi)異型雙扉門(men)(men)(men),總凈寬200米(mi),閘(zha)門(men)(men)(men)尺寸是(shi)(shi)12.5×10米(mi),最大泄量7932立方米(mi)。
水庫效益
水庫使其下(xia)游防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)標(biao)準(zhun)由30年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)(yu)提(ti)高到(dao)100年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)(yu)沈(shen)山(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)路、巨流河(he)鐵(tie)(tie)路橋的(de)(de)防(fang)洪(hong)(hong)標(biao)準(zhun)亦可(ke)提(ti)高到(dao)300年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)(yu)。對(dui)超過100年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)(yu)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)大洪(hong)(hong)水,可(ke)削(xue)減(jian)洪(hong)(hong)峰,減(jian)輕下(xia)游洪(hong)(hong)水災(zai)害,從而(er)保護(hu)(hu)下(xia)游遼河(he)兩岸28.7萬公(gong)頃(qing)耕地和(he)235.4萬人的(de)(de)生命財產安全,保護(hu)(hu)遼河(he)油田(tian)、沈(shen)山(shan)鐵(tie)(tie)路、沈(shen)山(shan)公(gong)路、輸油管線(xian)、國際國內通信(xin)干線(xian)等(deng)國家重要工礦企業和(he)大型基礎設施。
為(wei)了加強遼河(he)流(liu)域生態自(zi)理的要求,2009年至2011年,石佛寺水(shui)庫實(shi)施了生態工(gong)程建設(she),內容包括(kuo)主副壩林臺建設(she)、庫區平整、人工(gong)島建設(she)、野生柳樹保護、水(shui)生植物栽植等項目。其(qi)中,蘆葦2650畝,蒲(pu)草(cao)1860畝,荷(he)(he)花(hua)1625畝,各種(zhong)喬、灌木(mu)19.28萬株(zhu)。右圖就是(shi)美麗的荷(he)(he)花(hua)。該工(gong)程的實(shi)施,使遼河(he)中下游地(di)區生態環境得到改(gai)善,遼河(he)水(shui)質得到凈(jing)化,多種(zhong)魚類、禽類在水(shui)中繁衍(yan)棲(qi)息,初(chu)步建成了獨具特色的遼河(he)石佛寺水(shui)庫生態系(xi)統。