簡介
羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫壩(ba)址以(yi)上控制流域(yu)面積1100km,屬黃土丘陵溝壑區。多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)徑流量(liang)8515萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(1952—1986年(nian)(nian)),最(zui)大(da)21338萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)小3849萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。實測最(zui)大(da)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流量(liang)為(wei)(wei)825立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(1954年(nian)(nian)8月),由(you)公元836年(nian)(nian)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(麟游調(diao)(diao)查(cha))推算壩(ba)址歷史洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)4200立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao). 由(you)于灌區農業生產受于旱威脅最(zui)為(wei)(wei)嚴重,地多(duo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)少,供需矛(mao)盾突出,故羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫規劃系多(duo)年(nian)(nian)調(diao)(diao)節,確定死水(shui)(shui)(shui)位620m(導渭高程,下同,比黃海(hai)高程低13.998m),正(zheng)常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位635.9m,相應死庫容(rong)(rong)為(wei)(wei)1500萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),有效庫容(rong)(rong)為(wei)(wei)5220萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。除險加固設計(ji)按2000年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核滯洪(hong)庫容(rong)(rong)5280萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)計(ji),總庫容(rong)(rong)1.2億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi) (原為(wei)(wei)500年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核,總庫容(rong)(rong)1.07億立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi))。正(zheng)常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位時,水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫回水(shui)(shui)(shui)長度7.3km,淹沒面積443萬(wan)(wan)平方米(mi)(mi)(mi),屬大(da)(2)型工程。
水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)位(wei)于渭北蒲鳳(feng)大(da)斷裂帶以北10km,壩址地段基底巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)為寒(han)武——奧陶系(xi)(xi)灰巖(yan),上復(fu)第三(san)系(xi)(xi)紅(hong)土礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng),兩者為不(bu)整合接(jie)觸,頂部(bu)(bu)為第四系(xi)(xi)砂(sha)卵石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)、黃土狀(zhuang)壤土、古土壤夾層(ceng)(ceng)及黃土層(ceng)(ceng)所(suo)復(fu)蓋(gai),灰巖(yan)中(zhong)溶洞及裂隙(xi)發育。第三(san)系(xi)(xi)紅(hong)土礫石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng),巖(yan)性致密(mi)堅(jian)硬,滲(shen)透系(xi)(xi)數0.22m/d,但由于河水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)蝕,其在庫(ku)壩區的分布殘缺不(bu)全,缺失部(bu)(bu)位(wei)均(jun)為水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)漏水(shui)(shui)通道。
羊毛灣水庫位于干縣石牛鄉羊毛灣村北的渭河支(zhi)流漆水河上(shang)。壩址以上(shang)控制流域面積1100平方(fang)公(gong)里,多年(nian)平均徑流量0.85億立方(fang)米。水庫按多年(nian)調節設計,以灌溉為主,兼及防洪、養殖等。
水庫(ku)于(yu)(yu)1958年(nian)動工建(jian)設,歷經12年(nian),于(yu)(yu)1970年(nian)建(jian)成,先后于(yu)(yu)1986年(nian)、2000年(nian)兩次對羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水庫(ku)進(jin)行除險(xian)加固(gu)。為補充水庫(ku)水源,于(yu)(yu)1995年(nian)建(jian)成“引馮濟(ji)羊(yang)”輸水工程,每年(nian)可(ke)由馮家(jia)山水庫(ku)向羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水庫(ku)輸水3000萬立(li)方米,有效解(jie)決水庫(ku)水源不足問題。
建設經過
1953年(nian),省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)廳(ting)局查勘隊提(ti)出程家河(he)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)灣(wan)、紫石崖和鎮頭可建水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)漆(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)總體開(kai)發方案。1958年(nian)9月(yue),省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)廳(ting)勘測設(she)計院提(ti)出,《漆(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)流域蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉工(gong)(gong)程規劃設(she)計》,11月(yue),省(sheng)(sheng)地質(zhi)局水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文地質(zhi)工(gong)(gong)程大隊完成《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)壩(ba)址(zhi)及(ji)庫(ku)(ku)區工(gong)(gong)程地質(zhi)勘察報(bao)告》。9月(yue)29日,省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)廳(ting)廳(ting)長(chang)(chang)管(guan)建勛在(zai)干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)召開(kai)干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、永(yong)壽(shou)、扶風、麟(lin)游(you)、武功5縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長(chang)(chang)會(hui)議(yi),經(jing)過座談(tan)討(tao)論,決定先(xian)修羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku),成立(li)了由干縣(xian)(xian)(xian)副(fu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長(chang)(chang)張(zhang)振華任主任,農工(gong)(gong)部長(chang)(chang)屈軍、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)廳(ting)工(gong)(gong)程師董玉璋(zhang)任副(fu)主任的(de)(de)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)委員會(hui)(1959年(nian)改為羊(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)工(gong)(gong)程局),省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)廳(ting)工(gong)(gong)程師董玉璋(zhang)、技術員孫(sun)敖大、張(zhang)天祥等常駐工(gong)(gong)地負責工(gong)(gong)程設(she)計及(ji)施工(gong)(gong)。
1960年3月,在省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利廳勘測設(she)計院、水(shui)(shui)(shui)科所、西北農學(xue)(xue)院、陜(shan)西工(gong)業大(da)學(xue)(xue)和(he)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)校派出的工(gong)作組、實習學(xue)(xue)生的配合下,完(wan)成(cheng)了《羊毛灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫灌溉(gai)工(gong)程(cheng)初步設(she)計》,1961年冬,基本完(wan)成(cheng)了道(dao)路、施工(gong)導(dao)流、大(da)壩(ba)基礎(chu)、截(jie)流槽(cao)開挖、輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)、泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)底洞(dong)的開挖和(he)部分襯砌。1962年春,工(gong)程(cheng)在壓(ya)縮基建(jian)(jian)戰(zhan)線(xian)中(zhong)停(ting)建(jian)(jian)。
1965年,陜西省長李啟明和省水利廳副廳長于澄世到羊毛灣工地視察,研究討論了工程復工有關準備工作,并納入省基建項目,1966年10月恢復建設。施工期間,先后負責施工的領導有崔發源、陳尚志、劉文儒、康(kang)見聞、杜(du)文秀、張俊中等。全(quan)縣除集(ji)中3萬多勞(lao)力(li),省水(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程局機械施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊承擔大壩建設任(ren)務,1968年(nian)12月大專院校300余名待分配學(xue)生參加工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建設2年(nian)。1970年(nian)元月,縣革委會主(zhu)任(ren)吳(wu)維(wei)錄帶領全(quan)縣3200多名干部、教師,背著行裝赴工(gong)(gong)(gong)地,突(tu)擊大壩最后(hou)6米的(de)填筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。至1970年(nian)3月完成了(le)包括大壩、輸水(shui)洞、溢(yi)洪道和(he)泄(xie)水(shui)底洞的(de)全(quan)部樞紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務。
除險加固
羊(yang)毛灣庫(ku)(ku)壩地(di)段(duan)基底(di)巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為寒武——奧(ao)陶(tao)系灰巖(yan),上(shang)復第三系紅(hong)土(tu)礫(li)石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、第四系砂卵石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、黃土(tu)狀壤土(tu)、黃土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)等,灰巖(yan)裂(lie)(lie)隙(xi)、溶(rong)洞發育,在(zai)庫(ku)(ku)區內諸多紅(hong)土(tu)缺(que)失區形成漏(lou)水(shui)通道(dao)。故在(zai)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)蓄水(shui)初期平(ping)均年(nian)漏(lou)水(shui)量高(gao)達(da)0.4億立(li)方米(mi),為年(nian)徑流量的一半。工程(cheng)標準偏低(di),質量不(bu)高(gao),隱患層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)不(bu)窮,主要(yao)建(jian)筑物沉降(jiang)、裂(lie)(lie)縫(feng)、變形、滲漏(lou)等現象普(pu)遍(bian)而嚴重。底(di)洞水(shui)流紊亂,振(zhen)動聲遠聞10里(li)開外;溢(yi)洪(hong)道(dao)底(di)板破(po)碎,鼻坎基礎外露,達(da)不(bu)到溢(yi)洪(hong)要(yao)求。供(gong)電(dian)系統也與管(guan)理要(yao)求不(bu)相適應。1986年(nian)5月被列為全國重點病險庫(ku)(ku)。
從1986年(nian)起(qi),陜西省水(shui)利(li)水(shui)土(tu)保持(chi)廳組織(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、施工(gong)(gong)、管(guan)理(li)部門(men)多次(ci)(ci)對(dui)出(chu)現(xian)病害原因進(jin)行(xing)深入(ru)研(yan)究,并(bing)委(wei)托南京水(shui)科院(yuan)、省水(shui)科所等單位(wei)對(dui)工(gong)(gong)程地質、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、施工(gong)(gong)、原型(xing)觀測(ce)(ce)等資料進(jin)行(xing)整編,對(dui)病害部位(wei)進(jin)行(xing)探查(cha)和(he)水(shui)工(gong)(gong)模型(xing)試驗(yan),委(wei)托省水(shui)電勘測(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)院(yuan)作除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji),1986年(nian)6月對(dui)初步(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)進(jin)行(xing)審查(cha)后,確定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)程內容。1987年(nian)3月,干(gan)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)民政(zheng)府(fu)成立了(le)(le)以主管(guan)副(fu)(fu)(fu)縣(xian)(xian)長(chang)李成虎(hu)任組長(chang)、縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)利(li)水(shui)保局副(fu)(fu)(fu)局長(chang)宋希科任副(fu)(fu)(fu)組長(chang)的(de)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)領導小(xiao)組,開始進(jin)行(xing)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)的(de)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)作。1988年(nian)3月25日(ri)~30日(ri),省水(shui)利(li)水(shui)土(tu)保持(chi)廳和(he)省水(shui)利(li)學會(hui)邀請全(quan)國有關科研(yan)、設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)、施工(gong)(gong)、管(guan)理(li)和(he)高等院(yuan)校的(de)92名專家(jia)、學者,在(zai)西安(an)召(zhao)開了(le)(le)羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫大壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)程安(an)全(quan)論證會(hui),認為大壩(ba)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)有足夠的(de)安(an)全(quan)系(xi)數,但變形還未穩(wen)定(ding)(ding),有可能再次(ci)(ci)出(chu)現(xian)裂縫、塌坑等問題。除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)施工(gong)(gong)從1985年(nian)9月開始,先后由(you)省水(shui)電工(gong)(gong)程局二、三(san)工(gong)(gong)程處、省水(shui)電勘測(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)院(yuan)地質總隊、干(gan)縣(xian)(xian)電力局勞動服務公司(si)、上(shang)海海洋水(shui)下工(gong)(gong)程公司(si)等,完成了(le)(le)輸水(shui)洞和(he)泄(xie)水(shui)底洞改建(jian)安(an)裝、溢洪(hong)道改建(jian)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)、大壩(ba)原形觀測(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)施布設(she)(she)、10千伏輸電線路架(jia)設(she)(she)和(he)漏水(shui)部位(wei)水(shui)下封堵(du)工(gong)(gong)程等,1989年(nian)11月全(quan)部竣工(gong)(gong),達(da)到除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)求。1990年(nian)11月6日(ri)~8日(ri),省水(shui)利(li)水(shui)土(tu)保持(chi)廳組成以副(fu)(fu)(fu)廳長(chang)焦居仁為主任委(wei)員的(de)驗(yan)收(shou)委(wei)員會(hui),在(zai)咸陽(yang)市召(zhao)開了(le)(le)羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou)會(hui),認為工(gong)(gong)程設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)合理(li),施工(gong)(gong)符合要(yao)求,工(gong)(gong)程質量優良,初期運行(xing)安(an)全(quan)可靠,同意竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)收(shou),并(bing)上(shang)報水(shui)利(li)部摘掉(diao)病險(xian)水(shui)庫帽子。
羊毛灣水庫(ku)工程累計投(tou)(tou)資1916萬(wan)元(yuan),其(qi)中開(kai)工投(tou)(tou)資143.4萬(wan)元(yuan),第二次建(jian)設投(tou)(tou)資1025萬(wan)元(yuan)(國(guo)家投(tou)(tou)資652.6萬(wan)元(yuan),集體自籌372.4萬(wan)元(yuan)),除(chu)險(xian)加固投(tou)(tou)資747.63萬(wan)元(yuan),群眾投(tou)(tou)工1390萬(wan)工日。設施灌溉(gai)面(mian)積(ji)32.53萬(wan)畝,有效(xiao)灌溉(gai)面(mian)積(ji)24萬(wan)畝。水庫(ku)養魚年(nian)產量已突破1萬(wan)公斤。
灌溉范圍
羊(yang)毛(mao)灣水(shui)庫(ku)灌(guan)區管轄羊(yang)毛(mao)灣、老鴉咀、南(nan)(nan)溝(gou)及東(dong)、西芋村大、中(zhong)、小型水(shui)庫(ku)共(gong)五座,其中(zhong)老鴉咀水(shui)庫(ku)為中(zhong)(二)型水(shui)庫(ku),南(nan)(nan)溝(gou)、東(dong)、西芋村水(shui)庫(ku)為小型水(shui)庫(ku)。灌(guan)區主要灌(guan)溉(gai)干(gan)(gan)縣、武功、永壽3縣14個鄉鎮151個村,設施(shi)灌(guan)溉(gai)面積32.54萬畝(mu)(mu),有(you)效灌(guan)溉(gai)面積24萬畝(mu)(mu)。灌(guan)區有(you)總干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)一(yi)條長(chang)39.7公里;南(nan)(nan)、北(bei)干(gan)(gan)渠(qu)兩條,全(quan)長(chang)13.1公里;支渠(qu)20條,全(quan)長(chang)106.6公里;斗渠(qu)366條,總長(chang)336公里。
灌區建設
羊(yang)(yang)毛灣水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)自建成(cheng)(cheng)運行(xing)(xing)以來(lai)來(lai),灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)先后(hou)完成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)引馮(feng)濟(ji)羊(yang)(yang)輸水(shui)工程、病(bing)險水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)除險加固工程、國家大型商品糧基地(di)項目,實施(shi)了(le)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)更新改(gai)造(zao)世(shi)行(xing)(xing)貸款項目、節水(shui)續建配套項目、病(bing)險水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)除險加固項目、庫(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)保(bao)生(sheng)態治理項目等,先后(hou)爭取計劃投資2億多元,使水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)樞紐和灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)發生(sheng)了(le)顯著變化,同時(shi)促進了(le)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)工、商、林、牧、漁的(de)全面發展(zhan),取得了(le)良好的(de)經濟(ji)效益和社會效益。