芒果视频下载

簡介

羊(yang)(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)壩址以上(shang)控制(zhi)流域(yu)面(mian)積1100km，屬黃土丘陵溝壑(he)區。多年(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)徑流量(liang)8515萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(1952—1986年(nian)(nian))，最(zui)大(da)21338萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米，最(zui)小3849萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米。實測最(zui)大(da)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流量(liang)為(wei)825立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米/秒(1954年(nian)(nian)8月)，由公元836年(nian)(nian)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(麟游(you)調(diao)查)推(tui)算壩址歷史洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)4200立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米/秒． 由于灌(guan)區農業(ye)生(sheng)產受于旱威(wei)脅最(zui)為(wei)嚴重，地多水(shui)(shui)(shui)少，供需矛盾突(tu)出(chu)，故羊(yang)(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)規劃系多年(nian)(nian)調(diao)節，確(que)定死(si)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)620m(導(dao)渭高程，下同，比黃海高程低13．998m)，正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)635．9m，相(xiang)應死(si)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)為(wei)1500萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米，有效庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)為(wei)5220萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米。除險加固設計(ji)按2000年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核滯洪(hong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)5280萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米計(ji)，總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)1．2億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米 (原(yuan)為(wei)500年(nian)(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核，總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)(rong)(rong)1．07億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米)。正常(chang)蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)時，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)長度7．3km，淹沒面(mian)積443萬(wan)(wan)平方(fang)米，屬大(da)(2)型工(gong)程。

水(shui)庫(ku)位于渭北蒲(pu)鳳大斷裂帶以(yi)北10km，壩址地段基底巖層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)寒武——奧陶系(xi)灰(hui)巖，上復第(di)三系(xi)紅土(tu)礫(li)石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)，兩(liang)者為(wei)不整合接(jie)觸，頂(ding)部為(wei)第(di)四(si)系(xi)砂卵石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)、黃(huang)土(tu)狀壤(rang)土(tu)、古土(tu)壤(rang)夾層(ceng)(ceng)及黃(huang)土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)所復蓋，灰(hui)巖中溶(rong)洞(dong)及裂隙發育(yu)。第(di)三系(xi)紅土(tu)礫(li)石(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)，巖性致密堅硬，滲透系(xi)數0.22m/d，但由于河(he)水(shui)浸蝕，其在庫(ku)壩區的分布殘缺不全(quan)，缺失部位均(jun)為(wei)水(shui)庫(ku)漏水(shui)通道。

羊毛灣(wan)水(shui)庫位于干縣石牛鄉羊毛灣(wan)村北的渭(wei)河(he)(he)支流(liu)漆水(shui)河(he)(he)上。壩(ba)址(zhi)以上控制流(liu)域面(mian)積1100平方公里，多年(nian)平均徑流(liu)量0.85億立方米。水(shui)庫按多年(nian)調節設計(ji)，以灌溉為主(zhu)，兼及防洪、養殖等(deng)。

水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)于(yu)1958年(nian)(nian)動工(gong)建設，歷經12年(nian)(nian)，于(yu)1970年(nian)(nian)建成，先后于(yu)1986年(nian)(nian)、2000年(nian)(nian)兩(liang)次對羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)進行除險加(jia)固。為補充(chong)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)(shui)源，于(yu)1995年(nian)(nian)建成“引馮濟羊(yang)”輸水(shui)(shui)工(gong)程(cheng)，每年(nian)(nian)可由馮家山水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)向羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)輸水(shui)(shui)3000萬(wan)立方米(mi)，有效解(jie)決水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)水(shui)(shui)源不(bu)足問(wen)題。

建設經過

1953年(nian)，省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)局查勘(kan)隊提(ti)(ti)出程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)家河(he)、羊(yang)毛灣、紫石崖(ya)和鎮(zhen)頭可建水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的漆(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)總(zong)體開發方案。1958年(nian)9月，省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)勘(kan)測設計(ji)院提(ti)(ti)出，《漆(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)流(liu)域(yu)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)規劃設計(ji)》，11月，省(sheng)(sheng)地(di)質(zhi)局水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)質(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大隊完成(cheng)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)壩址及庫(ku)(ku)區工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)質(zhi)勘(kan)察報告》。9月29日，省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)廳(ting)長管(guan)建勛(xun)在(zai)干縣(xian)(xian)召開干縣(xian)(xian)、永壽、扶風、麟游、武功5縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)長會議，經(jing)過座談討論(lun)，決定先修羊(yang)毛灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)，成(cheng)立了(le)由干縣(xian)(xian)副縣(xian)(xian)長張(zhang)振華(hua)任(ren)主(zhu)任(ren)，農工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部長屈軍、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)董玉(yu)璋任(ren)副主(zhu)任(ren)的羊(yang)毛灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會（1959年(nian)改為(wei)羊(yang)毛灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)局），省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)(shi)董玉(yu)璋、技術員(yuan)(yuan)孫敖大、張(zhang)天祥等常駐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)負責工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設計(ji)及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

1960年3月，在省水(shui)利廳勘(kan)測設計(ji)院、水(shui)科所(suo)、西北農(nong)學(xue)院、陜西工(gong)(gong)業大(da)學(xue)和省水(shui)校派出的工(gong)(gong)作組、實(shi)習(xi)學(xue)生的配合(he)下，完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)(le)《羊毛灣水(shui)庫灌(guan)溉(gai)工(gong)(gong)程初步設計(ji)》，1961年冬，基(ji)本完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)(le)道路、施工(gong)(gong)導流(liu)(liu)、大(da)壩基(ji)礎、截流(liu)(liu)槽開挖、輸水(shui)洞(dong)、泄(xie)水(shui)底(di)洞(dong)的開挖和部(bu)分(fen)襯砌。1962年春，工(gong)(gong)程在壓縮基(ji)建戰線中停建。

1965年，陜西省長李啟明和省水利廳副廳長于澄世到羊毛灣工地視察，研究討論了工程復工有關準備工作，并納入省基建項目，1966年10月恢復建設。施工期間，先后負責施工的領導有崔發源、陳尚志(zhi)、劉文(wen)儒、康見聞、杜文(wen)秀、張俊中(zhong)等。全(quan)縣除集中(zhong)3萬多勞力，省水電工(gong)(gong)程局機(ji)械(xie)施工(gong)(gong)隊(dui)承擔(dan)大(da)壩建(jian)設任務，1968年(nian)12月大(da)專院校300余名待(dai)分配學生參(can)加工(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設2年(nian)。1970年(nian)元月，縣革委(wei)會主(zhu)任吳維錄帶領全(quan)縣3200多名干部、教(jiao)師，背(bei)著行裝(zhuang)赴(fu)工(gong)(gong)地，突擊大(da)壩最(zui)后6米的填筑工(gong)(gong)程。至1970年(nian)3月完成了(le)包括大(da)壩、輸(shu)水洞、溢(yi)洪(hong)道和泄水底(di)洞的全(quan)部樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)任務。

除險加固

羊毛灣(wan)庫(ku)壩地段(duan)基底(di)巖層(ceng)為(wei)寒武——奧陶(tao)系(xi)灰巖，上(shang)復(fu)第(di)三系(xi)紅土(tu)礫石(shi)層(ceng)、第(di)四系(xi)砂卵石(shi)層(ceng)、黃土(tu)狀壤土(tu)、黃土(tu)層(ceng)等，灰巖裂(lie)隙(xi)、溶洞發(fa)育，在庫(ku)區內(nei)諸多紅土(tu)缺(que)失區形成漏水通道。故在水庫(ku)蓄水初期(qi)平均年漏水量(liang)高達(da)0.4億(yi)立(li)方米(mi)，為(wei)年徑流(liu)量(liang)的一半(ban)。工程標準(zhun)偏低(di)，質量(liang)不(bu)高，隱患層(ceng)出(chu)不(bu)窮，主要建(jian)筑物沉降、裂(lie)縫、變形、滲漏等現象普(pu)遍而嚴重。底(di)洞水流(liu)紊亂，振動聲遠聞10里開外(wai)；溢(yi)洪(hong)道底(di)板破(po)碎，鼻坎基礎外(wai)露，達(da)不(bu)到溢(yi)洪(hong)要求(qiu)。供電(dian)系(xi)統也與管(guan)理(li)要求(qiu)不(bu)相適應(ying)。1986年5月被(bei)列為(wei)全國重點病險(xian)庫(ku)。

從(cong)1986年(nian)(nian)起(qi)，陜西(xi)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)土保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)廳組(zu)(zu)織(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管(guan)理(li)部門多次(ci)對出(chu)現(xian)病害原因進行(xing)深入研(yan)究(jiu)，并(bing)委托南京水(shui)(shui)科院(yuan)、省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)科所(suo)等(deng)(deng)單位對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地(di)質(zhi)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、原型觀測(ce)(ce)等(deng)(deng)資料進行(xing)整編(bian)，對病害部位進行(xing)探查(cha)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模型試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)，委托省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘測(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)院(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，1986年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)對初步設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)審(shen)查(cha)后，確定了(le)(le)(le)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)內容。1987年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)，干縣人民(min)政(zheng)府成(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)(le)以(yi)主管(guan)副縣長(chang)(chang)李成(cheng)虎任組(zu)(zu)長(chang)(chang)、縣水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)局(ju)(ju)副局(ju)(ju)長(chang)(chang)宋希科任副組(zu)(zu)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)領導小組(zu)(zu)，開(kai)始進行(xing)除(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。1988年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)25日(ri)～30日(ri)，省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)土保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)廳和(he)(he)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利學會邀請(qing)全(quan)國有關科研(yan)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)高等(deng)(deng)院(yuan)校(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)92名(ming)專家、學者(zhe)，在西(xi)安召(zhao)開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)羊毛灣水(shui)(shui)庫大壩(ba)(ba)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)安全(quan)論證會，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)大壩(ba)(ba)穩(wen)定有足夠的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)系數，但變形還(huan)未穩(wen)定，有可能再次(ci)出(chu)現(xian)裂縫、塌(ta)坑等(deng)(deng)問題。除(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)從(cong)1985年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)開(kai)始，先后由(you)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)局(ju)(ju)二(er)、三工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)處、省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘測(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)院(yuan)地(di)質(zhi)總隊、干縣電(dian)力局(ju)(ju)勞動服務公(gong)司、上(shang)海海洋水(shui)(shui)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)司等(deng)(deng)，完成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)輸水(shui)(shui)洞和(he)(he)泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)底洞改(gai)建(jian)安裝、溢洪道(dao)改(gai)建(jian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)、大壩(ba)(ba)原形觀測(ce)(ce)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)布設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)、10千伏輸電(dian)線路架設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)漏(lou)水(shui)(shui)部位水(shui)(shui)下封堵工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等(deng)(deng)，1989年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)全(quan)部竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，達(da)到除(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要求(qiu)。1990年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)6日(ri)～8日(ri)，省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)土保(bao)(bao)持(chi)(chi)廳組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)以(yi)副廳長(chang)(chang)焦居仁(ren)為(wei)(wei)主任委員的(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)委員會，在咸陽市(shi)召(zhao)開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)羊毛灣水(shui)(shui)庫除(chu)(chu)(chu)險(xian)(xian)(xian)加(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)會，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)合理(li)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)符合要求(qiu)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質(zhi)量優良，初期(qi)運行(xing)安全(quan)可靠，同意(yi)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)，并(bing)上(shang)報水(shui)(shui)利部摘掉病險(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)庫帽(mao)子。

羊毛灣水庫工(gong)程累(lei)計投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)1916萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，其中開工(gong)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)143.4萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，第(di)二次建設(she)投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)1025萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)（國家投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)652.6萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，集體(ti)自籌372.4萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)），除險加(jia)固投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)747.63萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，群眾投(tou)(tou)(tou)工(gong)1390萬(wan)工(gong)日(ri)。設(she)施灌溉面積32.53萬(wan)畝(mu)，有(you)效灌溉面積24萬(wan)畝(mu)。水庫養魚(yu)年(nian)產量已(yi)突破1萬(wan)公斤。

灌溉范圍

羊毛灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫灌(guan)區(qu)管(guan)轄羊毛灣、老鴉咀(ju)、南(nan)溝及東(dong)(dong)、西芋村大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫共五座，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)老鴉咀(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫為中(zhong)(zhong)（二）型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，南(nan)溝、東(dong)(dong)、西芋村水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫為小型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫。灌(guan)區(qu)主要灌(guan)溉(gai)干(gan)縣(xian)、武(wu)功、永壽3縣(xian)14個鄉鎮151個村，設施灌(guan)溉(gai)面積32.54萬畝，有(you)效灌(guan)溉(gai)面積24萬畝。灌(guan)區(qu)有(you)總干(gan)渠一條長39.7公(gong)(gong)里；南(nan)、北干(gan)渠兩條，全長13.1公(gong)(gong)里；支渠20條，全長106.6公(gong)(gong)里；斗(dou)渠366條，總長336公(gong)(gong)里。

灌區建設

羊(yang)毛灣水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)自建成(cheng)(cheng)運行(xing)以來來，灌區(qu)先后(hou)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)引馮(feng)濟羊(yang)輸水(shui)(shui)工程、病險水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)除(chu)險加固工程、國家大型商品糧基地項(xiang)(xiang)目，實施了(le)灌區(qu)更新改造世行(xing)貸(dai)款項(xiang)(xiang)目、節水(shui)(shui)續(xu)建配套項(xiang)(xiang)目、病險水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)除(chu)險加固項(xiang)(xiang)目、庫(ku)(ku)區(qu)水(shui)(shui)保生態(tai)治理(li)項(xiang)(xiang)目等，先后(hou)爭取計劃投資2億多元，使水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)樞紐和灌區(qu)發生了(le)顯著變化，同時促(cu)進(jin)了(le)灌區(qu)工、商、林、牧(mu)、漁的(de)(de)全(quan)面發展(zhan)，取得了(le)良好的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)和社會(hui)效(xiao)益(yi)。