簡介
碗(wan)米坡水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站位(wei)于湖南省(sheng)保(bao)靖縣境內的(de)酉水(shui)(shui)(shui)中游,下游距保(bao)靖縣城20km,是酉水(shui)(shui)(shui)梯級開發(fa)的(de)第四(si)個(ge)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站,尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)鳳灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的(de)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)相接。壩(ba)址以上(shang)控制流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)10415平(ping)方公里,占酉水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)56.2%,多年平(ping)均徑(jing)流量(liang)94.3億(yi)(yi)立方米,水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)總庫(ku)容3.78億(yi)(yi)立方米,調節庫(ku)容1.25億(yi)(yi)立方米,具有(you)不完全季調節性能(neng)。工程(cheng)以發(fa)電為(wei)主(zhu),兼有(you)航運(yun)、養殖等綜合效益。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)248.00m,電站裝機容量(liang)240MW(3×80MW),保(bao)證出力18.6MW,多年平(ping)均發(fa)電量(liang)7.92億(yi)(yi)千(qian)瓦時,年利(li)用小時3300h。
資料
壩址(zhi)屬于亞熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)候區,多(duo)年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫16.1℃,極端最(zui)高氣(qi)溫39.3℃,極端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫-12.1℃。
壩址控(kong)制(zhi)流(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積1.0415萬平方公里,占全流(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積的56.2%。
壩址年平(ping)(ping)均流量(liang)299立方(fang)米(mi)/秒(miao),多年平(ping)(ping)均徑流量(liang)94.3億立方(fang)米(mi)。工程開發(fa)任務以發(fa)電為主,兼有通(tong)航要求。
水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)位248m,相應庫(ku)容2.53億立方(fang)米(mi);校核洪水(shui)(shui)位254.1m,總庫(ku)容3.78億立方(fang)米(mi);死水(shui)(shui)位238m,有效庫(ku)容1.25億立方(fang)米(mi),庫(ku)容系數(shu)0.013,具有不完(wan)全季(ji)調節性能。
電(dian)站裝機(ji)總容(rong)量24萬kW,共(gong)安(an)裝3臺水(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)機(ji)組(zu),單機(ji)容(rong)量8萬kW,保證出力1.86萬kW,年發電(dian)量7.92億kW·h。電(dian)站以2回(hui)220kV電(dian)壓經花(hua)垣至(zhi)吉首接入電(dian)網,輸(shu)電(dian)距離80km,在豐水(shui)期(qi)主(zhu)要承擔基荷,在枯(ku)水(shui)期(qi)參與系(xi)統調峰。設(she)計年過(guo)壩貨運量14萬t,設(she)計船型為(wei)50噸鋼(gang)質船;木材過(guo)壩量3萬立方米。
樞紐主要建筑物包括(kuo)RCC重力(li)(li)壩(ba)、消力(li)(li)池、壩(ba)后地面廠房和升船(chuan)機等建筑物。
RCC重(zhong)力壩(ba)的最(zui)大壩(ba)高64.5m,壩(ba)頂(ding)長度237m。
水庫設計洪水位249.96m,相(xiang)應最大下泄流量1.5322萬立(li)方米(mi)/秒;校核(he)洪水位254.41m,相(xiang)應最大下泄流量2.0451萬立(li)方米(mi)/秒。
采用(yong)右岸壩后式廠(chang)房(fang)樞紐布置(zhi)(zhi)方案,即泄水消能建筑物(wu)布置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)偏左岸的主河床,電站(zhan)廠(chang)房(fang)布置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)右岸壩后,垂直一(yi)斜面升船機布置(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)左岸岸坡。
結構
樞紐由攔河壩、泄(xie)洪(hong)消(xiao)能(neng)及引水發電等(deng)建(jian)筑物組成。
攔河(he)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)(wei)碾壓混凝土重力(li)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線方位N28°38′30″E,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程254.50m,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高66.50m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長度238.00m,共(gong)分為(wei)(wei)10個(ge)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan),從左至右依次為(wei)(wei)左岸擋水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)、溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)、引水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)和右岸擋水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)。溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)布置5孔(kong)溢洪道,孔(kong)口尺(chi)寸16m×19m(寬×高),閘墩寬4m,堰頂(ding)高程229.00m。采用寬尾墩加底流消(xiao)能,消(xiao)力(li)池長97.876m,尾坎為(wei)(wei)差動式(shi),兩側分別設左、右導(dao)墻。引水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)布置3孔(kong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)式(shi)進水口,底板高程222.00m,漸變段(duan)后接3條內徑(jing)7m的壓力(li)鋼管,為(wei)(wei)半埋藏式(shi)的壩(ba)(ba)(ba)后背管。
發電廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)為(wei)壩(ba)后式(shi),布置在主河槽右側。主廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)尺寸為(wei)111.40m×25.10m×47.80m(長(chang)×寬(kuan)×高),內(nei)裝3臺機組,安裝場(chang)位(wei)于主廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)右端。上(shang)游(you)副廠(chang)(chang)房(fang)布置有主變壓器室(shi)、管道母線與電纜室(shi)、220kVGIS開關(guan)室(shi)。中控樓布置在安裝場(chang)的上(shang)游(you)。
建設
本工(gong)程勘測(ce)設(she)計工(gong)作始于(yu)1954年,1955年提出了(le)酉(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)行性梯(ti)級(ji)開(kai)發方案(an)(an),將碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)列為第一(yi)(yi)期開(kai)發工(gong)程。1997年7月正(zheng)式提出《碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性研(yan)(yan)究報告(gao)(gao)》,1998年1月中旬,電(dian)(dian)(dian)力工(gong)業部水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)設(she)計管理局會(hui)同湖(hu)南省計委(wei)、建(jian)委(wei)在(zai)吉首(shou)主持召開(kai)了(le)碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性研(yan)(yan)究報告(gao)(gao)審查會(hui)議(yi),正(zheng)式批(pi)復《碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性研(yan)(yan)究報告(gao)(gao)》,同意(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)裝機規(gui)(gui)模(240MW)、樞(shu)紐布置及施工(gong)導(dao)流(liu)方案(an)(an)。1997年12月,國(guo)(guo)家(jia)計委(wei)以(yi)“計交能[1997]2629號(hao)”文(wen)(wen)批(pi)復《沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域(yu)梯(ti)級(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)項目建(jian)議(yi)書(shu)》,批(pi)準洪江、碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)為沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)梯(ti)級(ji)滾動開(kai)發一(yi)(yi)期項目。1999年8月國(guo)(guo)家(jia)計委(wei)以(yi)“計基(ji)礎(chu)[1999]1010號(hao)”文(wen)(wen)批(pi)復利用日元貸(dai)款建(jian)設(she)湖(hu)南沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)(yi)期項目洪江、碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性研(yan)(yan)究報告(gao)(gao),同意(yi)利用日元貸(dai)款采購(gou)碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)、金結設(she)備,2000年6月24日國(guo)(guo)家(jia)計委(wei)以(yi)“計投(tou)資[2000]798號(hao)”文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)式批(pi)復碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)開(kai)工(gong)建(jian)設(she)。
碗米坡(po)水電站(zhan)主體工程于2001年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)開工;2001年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)16日大(da)江截流;2002年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)8日開始澆筑(zhu)大(da)壩混凝土;2003年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)17日,主體工程210m高(gao)程以下(xia)(xia)通過中(zhong)國電力投資公司(si)專家(jia)組驗收(基坑過水前驗收)。計劃于2003年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)下(xia)(xia)閘蓄水。
湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)五凌水(shui)電(dian)開發有限責任公司(si)(si)為電(dian)站的(de)(de)業主單(dan)位,碗(wan)米坡水(shui)電(dian)廠籌建處(chu)為現場業主代表;國家電(dian)力公司(si)(si)中(zhong)南(nan)(nan)勘測設(she)計研究(jiu)院為設(she)計單(dan)位,湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)(nan)友源工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)監理咨詢有限公司(si)(si)為監理單(dan)位;土(tu)建Ⅰ標(基礎開挖與導流(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng))施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位為中(zhong)鐵第十八局(ju)第四工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)處(chu),土(tu)建Ⅱ標(大(da)壩、廠房混凝土(tu)澆(jiao)筑)、金結安(an)裝與機電(dian)設(she)備安(an)裝標的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位均(jun)為中(zhong)國水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)第七工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)局(ju),人工(gong)(gong)(gong)砂石料系統施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位為遼寧(ning)省水(shui)利水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)局(ju)。