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簡介

碗(wan)米(mi)坡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)位于湖南省(sheng)保(bao)靖縣(xian)(xian)境內的(de)酉水(shui)(shui)中游，下游距(ju)保(bao)靖縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)20km，是酉水(shui)(shui)梯級開發的(de)第(di)四個(ge)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)，尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)與鳳灘水(shui)(shui)庫的(de)回水(shui)(shui)相接。壩(ba)址以上控制(zhi)流域面(mian)積10415平方公(gong)里，占酉水(shui)(shui)流域面(mian)積的(de)56.2%，多年(nian)平均徑(jing)流量94.3億立方米(mi)，水(shui)(shui)庫總(zong)庫容(rong)3.78億立方米(mi)，調節庫容(rong)1.25億立方米(mi)，具有(you)(you)不完全(quan)季調節性能。工(gong)程以發電(dian)為主，兼(jian)有(you)(you)航運、養(yang)殖等綜合(he)效益。水(shui)(shui)庫正(zheng)常(chang)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)位248.00m，電(dian)站(zhan)裝機容(rong)量240MW（3×80MW），保(bao)證出力18.6MW，多年(nian)平均發電(dian)量7.92億千瓦(wa)時，年(nian)利用小(xiao)時3300h。

資料

壩址屬于亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候區，多年平均氣(qi)溫16.1℃，極(ji)端最高氣(qi)溫39.3℃，極(ji)端最低氣(qi)溫-12.1℃。

壩(ba)址控制流域面積1.0415萬(wan)平方公里(li)，占(zhan)全流域面積的56.2%。

壩址年平(ping)均(jun)流量299立方米/秒(miao)，多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)徑流量94.3億立方米。工程開發任務以發電為主，兼有(you)通航要求(qiu)。

水(shui)庫(ku)正常蓄水(shui)位(wei)248m，相應庫(ku)容2.53億立方米(mi)(mi)；校核洪水(shui)位(wei)254.1m，總庫(ku)容3.78億立方米(mi)(mi)；死水(shui)位(wei)238m，有效庫(ku)容1.25億立方米(mi)(mi)，庫(ku)容系(xi)數0.013，具(ju)有不完全(quan)季調節性(xing)能。

電(dian)站裝機(ji)總容量24萬(wan)kW，共安裝3臺水(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)，單機(ji)容量8萬(wan)kW，保證出力1.86萬(wan)kW，年發(fa)電(dian)量7.92億(yi)kW·h。電(dian)站以2回(hui)220kV電(dian)壓經(jing)花垣至吉首接入(ru)電(dian)網，輸(shu)電(dian)距離80km，在(zai)豐水(shui)期主要承擔基荷，在(zai)枯水(shui)期參與系統調峰。設計年過壩(ba)貨運量14萬(wan)t，設計船型為(wei)50噸鋼(gang)質船；木材過壩(ba)量3萬(wan)立方米。

樞紐主(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)筑物(wu)包括RCC重力壩、消力池、壩后(hou)地面廠房(fang)和升船機等建(jian)筑物(wu)。

RCC重力壩的最大壩高64.5m，壩頂長(chang)度237m。

水(shui)庫設(she)計洪(hong)水(shui)位249.96m，相(xiang)應(ying)最(zui)大下泄(xie)流(liu)量1.5322萬立(li)方米/秒(miao)；校核洪(hong)水(shui)位254.41m，相(xiang)應(ying)最(zui)大下泄(xie)流(liu)量2.0451萬立(li)方米/秒(miao)。

采用右岸壩(ba)后式廠房樞(shu)紐布(bu)置(zhi)方(fang)案，即(ji)泄水消能建筑(zhu)物(wu)布(bu)置(zhi)于偏左(zuo)岸的主河床(chuang)，電站廠房布(bu)置(zhi)于右岸壩(ba)后，垂直(zhi)一斜面升船機布(bu)置(zhi)于左(zuo)岸岸坡。

結構

樞紐由攔(lan)河壩、泄洪消能及引水發電等建筑物組成(cheng)。

攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)碾(nian)壓混凝土(tu)重力壩(ba)(ba)，壩(ba)(ba)軸線方(fang)位N28°38′30″E，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程254.50m，最大壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)66.50m，壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長度238.00m，共分(fen)為(wei)10個壩(ba)(ba)段，從左至右(you)依(yi)次為(wei)左岸(an)擋水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)段、溢流壩(ba)(ba)段、引水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)段和右(you)岸(an)擋水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)段。溢流壩(ba)(ba)段布置(zhi)5孔(kong)(kong)溢洪道(dao)，孔(kong)(kong)口尺寸16m×19m（寬×高(gao)），閘(zha)墩寬4m，堰頂(ding)高(gao)程229.00m。采(cai)用寬尾墩加底流消能，消力池長97.876m，尾坎為(wei)差(cha)動式(shi)，兩側分(fen)別設左、右(you)導墻。引水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)段布置(zhi)3孔(kong)(kong)壩(ba)(ba)式(shi)進(jin)水(shui)口，底板高(gao)程222.00m，漸變段后接3條內徑7m的壓力鋼(gang)管，為(wei)半埋藏式(shi)的壩(ba)(ba)后背管。

發電廠房(fang)為(wei)壩后(hou)式，布(bu)(bu)置在(zai)主(zhu)河槽(cao)右側。主(zhu)廠房(fang)尺寸為(wei)111.40m×25.10m×47.80m（長×寬(kuan)×高），內裝3臺機組，安裝場位于(yu)主(zhu)廠房(fang)右端。上(shang)游副廠房(fang)布(bu)(bu)置有主(zhu)變壓器室、管道母線與電纜室、220kVGIS開(kai)關室。中控(kong)樓布(bu)(bu)置在(zai)安裝場的上(shang)游。

建設

本(ben)工程勘測設(she)計(ji)(ji)工作始于(yu)1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)，1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)提出(chu)了(le)酉(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)行性(xing)梯(ti)級開發方案，將碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)列為第(di)一(yi)期(qi)開發工程。1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)正(zheng)式(shi)提出(chu)《碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性(xing)研究報(bao)(bao)告》，1998年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)中旬(xun)，電(dian)(dian)力工業部水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)規劃設(she)計(ji)(ji)管理局會同(tong)湖(hu)南省(sheng)計(ji)(ji)委(wei)、建委(wei)在吉(ji)首主持召開了(le)碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性(xing)研究報(bao)(bao)告審查會議，正(zheng)式(shi)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)《碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性(xing)研究報(bao)(bao)告》，同(tong)意電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)裝機規模（240MW）、樞紐(niu)布置(zhi)及施(shi)工導(dao)流方案。1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)，國(guo)(guo)家(jia)計(ji)(ji)委(wei)以“計(ji)(ji)交能[1997]2629號”文(wen)(wen)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)《沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流域梯(ti)級水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)項(xiang)(xiang)目建議書(shu)》，批(pi)(pi)準洪江、碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)為沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)梯(ti)級滾動開發一(yi)期(qi)項(xiang)(xiang)目。1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)(yue)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)計(ji)(ji)委(wei)以“計(ji)(ji)基礎[1999]1010號”文(wen)(wen)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)利(li)(li)用日(ri)元(yuan)貸款(kuan)(kuan)建設(she)湖(hu)南沅水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)一(yi)期(qi)項(xiang)(xiang)目洪江、碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)行性(xing)研究報(bao)(bao)告，同(tong)意利(li)(li)用日(ri)元(yuan)貸款(kuan)(kuan)采購碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)機電(dian)(dian)、金(jin)結設(she)備，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)計(ji)(ji)委(wei)以“計(ji)(ji)投資(zi)[2000]798號”文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)式(shi)批(pi)(pi)復(fu)碗(wan)(wan)米(mi)(mi)坡(po)(po)(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)開工建設(she)。

碗米坡水電(dian)站主體工程于(yu)2001年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)開工；2001年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)16日(ri)(ri)大江截流；2002年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)8日(ri)(ri)開始澆筑大壩(ba)混凝土；2003年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)17日(ri)(ri)，主體工程210m高程以(yi)下通過中國電(dian)力投資公司專(zhuan)家組驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)（基坑過水前驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)）。計(ji)劃于(yu)2003年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)下閘(zha)蓄水。

湖南五凌水(shui)(shui)(shui)電開發有限(xian)責任公(gong)司為(wei)電站的業主單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)，碗米坡水(shui)(shui)(shui)電廠(chang)(chang)籌建處為(wei)現場業主代表；國家電力公(gong)司中南勘測設計研究院為(wei)設計單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)，湖南友(you)源(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)理咨詢有限(xian)公(gong)司為(wei)監(jian)理單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)；土建Ⅰ標(biao)（基礎開挖與(yu)導(dao)流(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)為(wei)中鐵第十(shi)八局第四工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)處，土建Ⅱ標(biao)（大壩、廠(chang)(chang)房混凝土澆筑）、金結安(an)裝與(yu)機電設備安(an)裝標(biao)的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)均(jun)為(wei)中國水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電第七工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)局，人工(gong)(gong)(gong)砂石(shi)料系統施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)為(wei)遼寧省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)(shui)電工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)局。