主要工程
華陽河水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku),位(wei)于(yu)湖北省(sheng)棗陽市興(xing)隆鎮(zhen)東北的烏(wu)龜(gui)山(shan)與長山(shan)之(zhi)間,大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)攔截華陽河的主流(liu),承雨面積185平方公(gong)里(li)(li),總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容1.23億立(li)方米(mi),其中,有(you)效(xiao)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容7077萬立(li)方米(mi)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)型為均質土壩(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)33.5米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長522米(mi)。輸(shu)水(shui)建筑(zhu)物系開(kai)鑿的一(yi)條穿(chuan)山(shan)隧洞(dong),用混凝土襯(chen)砌(qi),洞(dong)身(shen)長110米(mi)。凈(jing)高(gao)(gao)1.6米(mi),凈(jing)寬1.6米(mi),橫斷面為馬蹄形(xing)。洞(dong)進口(kou)安裝(zhuang)一(yi)部(bu)(bu)斜拉鋼平板(ban)閘門,出口(kou)設(she)調壓(ya)豎井,內裝(zhuang)鋼平板(ban)閘門3部(bu)(bu)。豎井后面有(you)高(gao)(gao)低(di)(di)兩層渠(qu)道。高(gao)(gao)渠(qu)放(fang)水(shui)流(liu)量(liang)8立(li)方米(mi)/秒,低(di)(di)渠(qu)放(fang)水(shui)流(liu)量(liang)4立(li)方米(mi)/秒。溢洪(hong)道位(wei)于(yu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)南頭的山(shan)凹里(li)(li),修建有(you)一(yi)座漿砌(qi)塊石滾水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),高(gao)(gao)3米(mi),設(she)計過水(shui)深(shen)2.2米(mi),下泄流(liu)量(liang)390立(li)方米(mi)/秒。由于(yu)未達到防洪(hong)標準(zhun),1976年又(you)在庫(ku)(ku)(ku)南開(kai)一(yi)條泄水(shui)土渠(qu)作非(fei)常溢洪(hong)道,底寬150米(mi),底面低(di)(di)于(yu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂3米(mi)。
華陽河(he)水(shui)庫有高低兩條(tiao)渠(qu)(qu)道。高渠(qu)(qu)又(you)分東西(xi)(xi)(xi)兩條(tiao)干渠(qu)(qu):東干渠(qu)(qu)從(cong)渠(qu)(qu)首(shou)至張家垱(dang),長17公(gong)(gong)里(li),放(fang)(fang)水(shui)流量2-4立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)(miao);西(xi)(xi)(xi)干渠(qu)(qu)從(cong)渠(qu)(qu)首(shou)至東郊(jiao)水(shui)庫,長25.4公(gong)(gong)里(li),放(fang)(fang)水(shui)流量4-8立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)(miao)。低渠(qu)(qu)流至西(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)水(shui)庫,壩下(xia)與西(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)水(shui)庫干渠(qu)(qu)合(he)而(er)為(wei)(wei)一,至椿樹灣(wan),長12公(gong)(gong)里(li),放(fang)(fang)水(shui)流量1-4立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)(miao)。干渠(qu)(qu)以下(xia)又(you)分出(chu)支渠(qu)(qu)25條(tiao),總長94.5公(gong)(gong)里(li),斗渠(qu)(qu)24條(tiao),總長48公(gong)(gong)里(li)。三級渠(qu)(qu)道中共修建(jian)109處建(jian)筑物,最(zui)大者為(wei)(wei)花兒山隧(sui)洞,長809米(mi)(mi),輸水(shui)流量4.4立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)(miao),其(qi)次是跨(kua)越西(xi)(xi)(xi)河(he)的(de)雙(shuang)層渡槽(cao),全(quan)長626米(mi)(mi),單(dan)跨(kua)長25米(mi)(mi),輸水(shui)流量8立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(miao)(miao),全(quan)部采用鋼筋混(hun)凝土結構。
建設維修
1952年(nian)(nian)(nian),當時(shi)的(de)棗陽縣(xian)水利局曾派人勘(kan)測(ce)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian),湖北省水利廳(ting)派測(ce)量隊對華(hua)陽河水庫進行(xing)全面勘(kan)測(ce)。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋正式施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),上民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)1.2萬(wan)人。次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月,基(ji)本(ben)上完(wan)成(cheng)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。10月,動(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開鑿(zao)花(hua)兒山(shan)隧(sui)洞(dong),該洞(dong)要穿過24米深(shen)、1公里(li)長的(de)山(shan)崗。當時(shi)的(de)技術力量與機械設備落后,民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)生(sheng)活條件(jian)也差(開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)初期每人每月的(de)口糧只有18斤)。全體施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人員風雨(yu)無阻,晝夜不停,農歷大年(nian)(nian)(nian)除夕和正月初一也未(wei)停工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong),深(shen)20米的(de)3號(hao)天井坍陷。干部、民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)冒著危(wei)險(xian)搶修三晝夜,架(jia)好支撐,重新穿過,至1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月打通隧(sui)洞(dong)。華(hua)陽河水庫的(de)樞(shu)紐遺留工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程和渠道建橋、涵、閘等(deng)持續到1962年(nian)(nian)(nian)達到原(yuan)設計標準。總庫容(rong)為(wei)7200萬(wan)立方米,屬中(zhong)型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬,對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進行(xing)擴建,將(jiang)大壩(ba)和溢洪道分別(bie)加高3米,總庫容(rong)達1.23億立方米,升級為(wei)大型(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程。至1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月基(ji)本(ben)完(wan)成(cheng)。
1976年冬(dong),開(kai)挖非常溢(yi)洪(hong)道。1984年冬(dong),修(xiu)建壩(ba)(ba)頂防浪墻,并(bing)將西(xi)(xi)干渠(qu)過(guo)西(xi)(xi)河(he)水庫大壩(ba)(ba)的(de)流槽廢棄,另在下游修(xiu)建跨越西(xi)(xi)河(he)的(de)渡(du)槽,至1985年竣工。
2009年(nian)10月(yue)-2010年(nian)11月(yue),國家投(tou)資對(dui)華(hua)陽河(he)水(shui)庫進行了除(chu)(chu)(chu)險加固,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)建(jian)(jian)設內(nei)容為(wei):大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)混(hun)凝土防(fang)滲(shen)墻(qiang)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基帷幕灌漿(jiang)、內(nei)坡(po)(po)砼護砌(qi)、外(wai)坡(po)(po)草皮護坡(po)(po)整治、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)防(fang)浪墻(qiang)拆除(chu)(chu)(chu)重建(jian)(jian)、壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)修建(jian)(jian)混(hun)凝土路面、下游排水(shui)棱(leng)體(ti)整修、原(yuan)過水(shui)渡(du)槽拆除(chu)(chu)(chu),溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)(dao)堰基帷幕灌漿(jiang)、堰后兩級泄槽及消力池(chi)、尾(wei)水(shui)渠、跨溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)(dao)交通(tong)橋和原(yuan)非常溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)(dao)改建(jian)(jian)為(wei)粘土斜墻(qiang)防(fang)滲(shen)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),左岸(an)輸水(shui)洞新(xin)建(jian)(jian),右岸(an)輸水(shui)洞拆除(chu)(chu)(chu)重建(jian)(jian),溢(yi)(yi)洪(hong)(hong)道(dao)(dao)到(dao)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)道(dao)(dao)路等。工程(cheng)自2009年(nian)10月(yue)1日開(kai)工建(jian)(jian)設,2010年(nian)11月(yue)主(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)工程(cheng)通(tong)過省(sheng)級驗收。
主要水源
華陽(yang)(yang)(yang)河,發源于華陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山得名(原名白水)。為長江(jiang)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)漢江(jiang)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)唐(tang)白河水系滾(gun)(gun)河正源,流(liu)(liu)(liu)經棗陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)劉升(sheng)鎮、興隆鎮,在烏金店東南注(zhu)入(ru)滾(gun)(gun)河,全長40公(gong)里,大、小溪11條,流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面積220平方公(gong)里。建國后興修大、中型(xing)水庫各1處(chu),小(一)型(xing)水庫3處(chu)。
投資及效益
全部(bu)工程共完成土石方937萬(wan)方,標(biao)工1048萬(wan)個(ge),國家投資346萬(wan)元。庫(ku)內淹沒耕地1.055萬(wan)畝(mu),遷(qian)移(yi)人口(kou)4285人。該水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)連結了(le)一處(chu)(chu)中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(西(xi)河)三處(chu)(chu)小(xiao)(一)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku),形成一個(ge)自流灌(guan)溉網系。1984年(nian)灌(guan)溉面(mian)積達到10萬(wan)畝(mu),1981至1985年(nian),年(nian)均灌(guan)溉面(mian)積為7.2萬(wan)畝(mu),年(nian)產魚12.7萬(wan)斤。控制(zhi)了(le)華陽河流域60%以上的洪水(shui)(shui),減輕了(le)下游水(shui)(shui)災。
同時,華陽(yang)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)與熊河(he)大型水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)一起(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)滾河(he)灌(guan)區。熊河(he)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)堵攔滾河(he)支流熊河(he),主(zhu)(zhu)灌(guan)熊集、梁集、蔡(cai)陽(yang)、黃龍、峪山(shan)、東津等地(di)農田(tian)(tian);華陽(yang)河(he)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)堵攔滾河(he)支流華陽(yang)河(he),主(zhu)(zhu)灌(guan)興隆、昊店、王城等地(di)農田(tian)(tian)。這兩座(zuo)大型水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)通過滾河(he)長渠(qu)連接4座(zuo)中(zhong)型、22座(zuo)小(xiao)(I)型、77座(zuo)小(xiao)(II)型和(he)15113口堰塘(tang),組(zu)成(cheng)滾河(he)灌(guan)溉系統(tong)。攔截承雨(yu)面積65平方公(gong)里(li),總蓄水(shui)能(neng)力4.65億(yi)立方米(mi),其中(zhong)有(you)效水(shui)3.5億(yi)立方米(mi)。設計(ji)灌(guan)溉4萬(wan)畝,已灌(guan)37萬(wan)畝,加(jia)上滾河(he)長渠(qu)灌(guan)溉面積,可使60萬(wan)畝農田(tian)(tian)早澇保收。