位于湖北省宜都市境內,是清(qing)江口的最下游一個發(fa)電梯級(ji),也是隔河巖(yan)梯級(ji)的航(hang)運反調節梯級(ji),主要任(ren)務是發(fa)電和(he)航(hang)運。
基本情況
樞紐布置自左至右為左岸非(fei)溢流(liu)壩(ba),河床式電站(zhan)(zhan)廠(chang)房(fang),深孔泄洪壩(ba)段(duan)(duan),表(biao)孔溢流(liu)壩(ba)段(duan)(duan),升船機壩(ba)段(duan)(duan)及右岸非(fei)溢流(liu)壩(ba)段(duan)(duan)。壩(ba)頂長(chang)419.5m,最大壩(ba)高57m。正(zheng)常蓄水位(wei)80m,水庫庫容(rong)4.3億立方米(mi),壩(ba)區回水長(chang)50km,與隔河巖電站(zhan)(zhan)尾水相接。
總計淹沒耕地(di)15633畝,需安置移民(min)15174人。
電(dian)站屬大(2)型,高壩(ba)洲水電(dian)站樞紐由重力壩(ba)、電(dian)站廠房和通(tong)航建筑物(wu)組成(cheng)。建筑物(wu)布置(zhi)自左至右依次(ci)為(wei)左岸非溢(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)、電(dian)站廠房、泄洪深(shen)孔、縱向圍堰壩(ba)段、泄洪表孔、通(tong)航建筑物(wu)和右岸非溢(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)。
大壩(ba)(ba)為混凝土重力壩(ba)(ba),最大壩(ba)(ba)高57m,壩(ba)(ba)頂高程83m,上游面垂(chui)直(zhi),下游壩(ba)(ba)坡為1∶0.75,壩(ba)(ba)頂全長(chang)439.5m。
深孔(kong)泄(xie)洪壩(ba)段共(gong)3個(ge)壩(ba)段,每(mei)個(ge)壩(ba)段寬17m,孔(kong)口尺寸(寬×高)9×9.4m,設弧形(xing)工作門和平(ping)板(ban)檢(jian)修門。表孔(kong)溢流壩(ba)段共(gong)6個(ge)壩(ba)段,每(mei)個(ge)壩(ba)段寬17.5m,設弧形(xing)工作門和平(ping)板(ban)檢(jian)修門。河(he)床式電(dian)站設在左岸共(gong)3臺(tai),機組段長(chang)(chang)78m,安裝廠長(chang)(chang)46m。升(sheng)船(chuan)機設在右岸為(wei)一級垂(chui)直升(sheng)船(chuan)機,采(cai)用濕運方式,承船(chuan)箱有(you)效尺寸(長(chang)(chang)×寬×高)42×10.2×1.7m,通航噸(dun)級300噸(dun),設計年(nian)(nian)運量近期67.8萬噸(dun)/年(nian)(nian),遠期173萬噸(dun)/年(nian)(nian)。電(dian)站裝機25.2萬kw,年(nian)(nian)發電(dian)量8.98億kwh。
地質條件
高壩洲水(shui)電站地(di)(di)處鄂西山(shan)地(di)(di)與江漢平(ping)原的過渡(du)地(di)(di)帶,屬低(di)山(shan)丘陵區。庫岸(an)穩(wen)定(ding)性較(jiao)好。庫、壩區處于(yu)區域構造相對穩(wen)定(ding)地(di)(di)段,地(di)(di)震基本烈度(du)為6度(du)。水(shui)庫不存在(zai)向鄰(lin)谷滲漏(lou)和河間(jian)地(di)(di)段滲漏(lou)問(wen)題(ti),封(feng)閉條件較(jiao)好。
高壩洲壩址位于(yu)長陽(yang)復背斜東(dong)端南翼,該段為一單(dan)斜構造,巖層(ceng)走向280°~290°,傾南西,傾角(jiao)30°~35°。壩址處河(he)谷(gu)開闊,兩岸邊坡左(zuo)緩右(you)陡,為不對稱河(he)谷(gu)。
高壩洲(zhou)壩基巖(yan)體(ti)左(zuo)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)古巖(yan)溶角礫巖(yan),方解石(shi)膠結,屬塊狀巖(yan)體(ti),無(wu)裂隙切割,整體(ti)性好(hao),但膠結物中(zhong)有大(da)小不(bu)一的次生晶洞;河床中(zhong)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)寒武系上峰尖組(zu)中(zhong)厚層(ceng)(ceng)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)夾(jia)(jia)極薄(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)泥質(zhi)(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan),軟弱(ruo)夾(jia)(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)較多(duo),層(ceng)(ceng)間剪切帶發育;右段(duan)(duan)為(wei)寒武系黑石(shi)溝組(zu)第一段(duan)(duan)灰(hui)色厚層(ceng)(ceng)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)、灰(hui)巖(yan)夾(jia)(jia)極薄(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)泥質(zhi)(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan);右岸壩肩外地段(duan)(duan)斷(duan)裂構造發育。工程(cheng)地質(zhi)(zhi)情況清(qing)楚,具(ju)備修建本水電站的地質(zhi)(zhi)條件。
施工
高(gao)壩(ba)(ba)洲水(shui)電站樞(shu)紐施工(gong)(gong)(gong)采用(yong)分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)導流(liu)方式(shi),一(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)先圍(wei)左河(he)床,右河(he)床明渠導流(liu),在高(gao)圍(wei)堰(yan)保(bao)護(hu)下基坑(keng)(keng)內可全(quan)年施工(gong)(gong)(gong);二期(qi)(qi)(qi)圍(wei)右河(he)床,第一(yi)個枯水(shui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)利用(yong)圍(wei)堰(yan)擋(dang)(dang)水(shui)和一(yi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程興建(jian)的泄(xie)洪(hong)深孔泄(xie)流(liu),保(bao)護(hu)基坑(keng)(keng)內施工(gong)(gong)(gong),汛期(qi)(qi)(qi)基坑(keng)(keng)過水(shui),汛后利用(yong)碾壓混凝(ning)土壩(ba)(ba)和下游碾壓混凝(ning)土圍(wei)堰(yan)擋(dang)(dang)水(shui),深孔泄(xie)洪(hong),保(bao)護(hu)基坑(keng)(keng)內施工(gong)(gong)(gong),并采用(yong)壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)臨時擋(dang)(dang)水(shui)發電。
工程對外交通有“318”國道公路、焦枝鐵路、長(chang)江水運,電站大件(jian)設備和主要建筑材料(liao)運輸方(fang)便(bian)。
樞紐主要(yao)工(gong)程(cheng)量:土石方(fang)開挖(wa)220萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米,土石填方(fang)103 萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米,砼104萬(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)米,鋼筋1.89萬(wan)噸(dun),金(jin)屬結(jie)構(gou)1.24萬(wan)噸(dun)。帷幕灌漿(jiang)12.72萬(wan)m,固(gu)結(jie)灌漿(jiang)1.25萬(wan)m。工(gong)程(cheng)耗用材(cai)料:鋼筋2萬(wan)t、鋼材(cai)1.9萬(wan)t、水(shui)泥(ni)22萬(wan)t、粉煤灰5.9萬(wan)t、木(mu)材(cai)2.5萬(wan)m3。工(gong)程(cheng)所需勞動力總(zong)工(gong)日為564萬(wan)個,平(ping)均施工(gong)人數2250人,高峰施工(gong)人數5500人。
按(an)1992年物(wu)價水平,設計工(gong)程概算(suan)靜態總(zong)投(tou)資(zi)13.77億元(yuan),其(qi)中水庫淹沒(mei)處理補償投(tou)資(zi)2.71億元(yuan)。
高壩(ba)洲水電站(zhan)1996年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)一期工程(cheng)已截流,主體(ti)工程(cheng)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)壩(ba)肩水上(shang)開挖、開關(guan)站(zhan)場(chang)平(ping)、左(zuo)(zuo)岸高程(cheng)83m和高程(cheng)37.2m兩條灌(guan)漿平(ping)洞(dong)開挖已提(ti)前完(wan)成(cheng)。1998年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)二期工程(cheng)截流,1999年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)首臺機組發電,2000年(nian)3臺機組全部投產(chan),2001年(nian)竣工。
主體(ti)工(gong)(gong)程和永久設(she)備招標發(fa)(fa)包分主體(ti)建筑(zhu)(zhu)安裝施工(gong)(gong)、水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)(fa)電(dian)機組及其輔助設(she)備制造、金屬結構設(she)備制造三個大標。主體(ti)建筑(zhu)(zhu)安裝工(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)由中國葛(ge)洲(zhou)壩水(shui)(shui)利水(shui)(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)程集團(tuan)公司(si)中標。
技術問題
1. 壩址深層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)夾(jia)(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)地質(zhi)問題 壩址左段基礎為(wei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)溶角礫(li)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段為(wei)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)加中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)厚層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾(jia)(jia)含泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)少量灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)(ni)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、砂巖(yan)(yan)(yan)以及極薄(bo)(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)泥(ni)(ni)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、極薄(bo)(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)泥(ni)(ni)灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)后期的(de)構造(zao)變動中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),多發育(yu)成(cheng)剪切(qie)帶。右(you)段為(wei)厚層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、灰(hui)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)夾(jia)(jia)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan),薄(bo)(bo)(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)白云(yun)(yun)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)多發育(yu)成(cheng)剪切(qie)帶。壩址基礎內有剪切(qie)帶10余處,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有7層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)已弱(ruo)化,力學(xue)強度很低,其系值(zhi)只有0.2—0.25。
2. 電站廠(chang)房蝸殼(ke)采用(yong)預應力鋼筋砼結構。 由于蝸殼(ke)的(de)作用(yong)水頭約46—54m,由于工期緊張鋼蝸殼(ke)施工不能滿足(zu)工期要求,因此采用(yong)預應力鋼筋砼結構。
3. 消(xiao)能型(xing)(xing)式的選擇(ze) 當0.1%校核洪水時,表、深孔(kong)分別為16600 立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒和5600 立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/,單寬(kuan)流量分別為153 立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒和110 立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒,經水力(li)(li)條件及(ji)工程量比較(jiao),結合水工模(mo)型(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)成果分析,表孔(kong)采用變半徑的實體消(xiao)力(li)(li)戽(hu)加Y型(xing)(xing)寬(kuan)尾墩方(fang)案,深孔(kong)采用戽(hu)式消(xiao)力(li)(li)池方(fang)案。
4. 二(er)期大壩(ba)由常態砼改為(wei)碾(nian)壓砼施工,壩(ba)體上(shang)升速度(du)加快,可由二(er)期壩(ba)體擋(dang)水(shui)發電(dian),省掉原設計中(zhong)的上(shang)游碾(nian)壓砼圍堰擋(dang)水(shui)發電(dian)的碾(nian)壓砼圍堰,減少(shao)了(le)投(tou)資。