在江西省銅鼓縣(xian)城東,武寧(ning)鄉水(shui)支 流山口水(shui)上游的大塅鄉太平(ping)村。1961年(nian)冬(dong)開工(gong),中途停建。1987年(nian)9月復工(gong),1990年(nian)底建成(cheng)。壩(ba)(ba)址以上集水(shui)面 積610.45平(ping)方公里,總(zong)庫容1. 15億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。興利庫容 0.77億立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。攔(lan)河壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)漿砌塊石重(zhong)力壩(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)頂高程 215.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)(ba)高43.4米(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)頂長(chang)(chang)357米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬(kuan)8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 副壩(ba)(ba)高15.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬(kuan)4米(mi)(mi)(mi),長(chang)(chang)46米(mi)(mi)(mi)。建有水(shui)電(dian)站裝機4 臺(tai)共1.28萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。以發電(dian)為(wei)主,兼(jian)有防洪(hong)、養(yang)殖、灌溉等綜(zong)合效益(yi)。
大塅(duan)水(shui)庫(ku)位(wei)于中(zhong)國江西(xi)省宜(yi)春市銅(tong)鼓縣大塅(duan)鎮,是一座以(yi)防洪、發電(dian)、灌(guan)溉(gai)、養(yang)殖(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)功能的大(二(er))型水(shui)庫(ku)。水(shui)庫(ku)邊(bian)有巨巖名為(wei)(wei)天柱峰,屬丹(dan)霞地貌,以(yi)其為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心在庫(ku)區(qu)建(jian)立天柱峰國家森(sen)林公(gong)園,水(shui)庫(ku)作為(wei)(wei)其中(zhong)之九龍湖景(jing)區(qu)。
引水系統
引水(shui)(shui)系統由進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)、隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)、調(diao)壓井(jing)、高壓管(guan)道組成。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)位于(yu)壩頭(tou)左(zuo)岸,為直立塔式(shi),設(she)有攔污柵,檢修閘(zha)門(men),工作鋼閘(zha)門(men)。隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)位于(yu)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)后(hou),長435.72米(mi),內徑(jing)4.4米(mi),鋼筋(jin)混凝(ning)土襯砌。隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)末(mo)端(duan)設(she)圓筒阻抗(kang)式(shi)調(diao)壓井(jing),井(jing)徑(jing)16米(mi),高43.5米(mi),鋼筋(jin)混凝(ning)土結構(gou)。壓力管(guan)長142.52米(mi),主管(guan)直徑(jing)3.8米(mi),分(fen)4條(tiao)叉(cha)管(guan)進(jin)入廠房,叉(cha)管(guan)直徑(jing)由2.1米(mi)變為1.75米(mi)。
施工進度
大塅水(shui)庫(ku)1969年(nian)冬(dong)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),打通一條(tiao)275米(mi)(mi)長隧洞(dong),因地質(zhi)情(qing)況不(bu)明(ming),資金(jin)不(bu)足停建(jian)。1974年(nian)進行地質(zhi)勘探(tan)和編報初(chu)(chu)步(bu)設計(ji)(ji)。為(wei)了(le)進一步(bu)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)經濟進行論證,1984年(nian)秋委托省水(shui)利規劃設計(ji)(ji)院進行勘測設計(ji)(ji),1985年(nian)編制設計(ji)(ji)任務書(shu),1986年(nian)6月編制補充初(chu)(chu)步(bu)設計(ji)(ji)。1987年(nian)春(chun),經省計(ji)(ji)委批準(zhun),縣委、縣政(zheng)府決定續(xu)建(jian),9月20日正式(shi)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由水(shui)利電(dian)(dian)力部(bu)長江葛洲壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)承包(bao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。1990年(nian)底(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)基本建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng),第1臺機(ji)組投(tou)產發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完成(cheng)(cheng)明(ming)挖(wa)(wa)土(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)8.85萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),填土(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)1.98萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),明(ming)挖(wa)(wa)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)21.47萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),洞(dong)挖(wa)(wa)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)1.49萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),漿(jiang)砌(qi)塊(kuai)石(shi)13.3萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),干砌(qi)砌(qi)塊(kuai)石(shi)0.51萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),混凝(ning)土(tu)和鋼筋混凝(ning)土(tu)8.04萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),安裝金(jin)屬(shu)327噸,帷幕(mu)灌漿(jiang)4120米(mi)(mi),固(gu)結灌漿(jiang)14729米(mi)(mi)。共用勞動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日107.66萬(wan)個(ge),總投(tou)資6200萬(wan)元。水(shui)庫(ku)淹(yan)田3878畝,移民2475人(ren)。由于施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量差(cha),主壩及引水(shui)隧洞(dong)等重要(yao)部(bu)位(wei)采(cai)用灌漿(jiang)加(jia)固(gu),主壩面板選用氯碇沙漿(jiang)噴涂防滲(shen),分(fen)塊(kuai)縫(feng)采(cai)用粘(zhan)貼橡皮止水(shui)。加(jia)固(gu)措施及尾(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尚在繼續(xu)進行中。按照(zhao)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度,余3臺發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組可(ke)在1991年(nian)第一季度全部(bu)投(tou)產發(fa)電(dian)(dian)。1990年(nian)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)大擐水(shui)庫(ku)管理局(ju)(ju)(ju)(屬(shu)二(er)級局(ju)(ju)(ju)),李(li)紹成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)局(ju)(ju)(ju)長,下設發(fa)電(dian)(dian)、養(yang)殖廠,有職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)180人(ren)。
工程概況
水(shui)(shui)庫工程主(zhu)要由主(zhu)壩、副壩、放空底孔(kong)、引水(shui)(shui)隧洞等建筑(zhu)物組(zu)成。主(zhu)壩為(wei)漿(jiang)砌石(shi)重力壩,壩頂(ding)高程215.2m,頂(ding)寬(kuan)8.0m,最(zui)大壩高43.4m,壩軸線成折線型(xing),長357m,共14個(ge)壩段(duan),從左至右(you)分別為(wei)左岸擋水(shui)(shui)壩段(duan)、溢流(liu)壩段(duan)、右(you)岸擋水(shui)(shui)壩段(duan)及(ji)右(you)岸接頭刺墻。其中3號(hao)、4號(hao)、5號(hao)壩段(duan)為(wei)溢流(liu)壩段(duan),寬(kuan)81m,共設5個(ge)溢流(liu)表孔(kong),單孔(kong)凈寬(kuan)12m,由露(lu)頂(ding)式(shi)弧形鋼閘(zha)門控(kong)制。
水庫漿砌(qi)石(shi)重力壩運行20年(nian)存在主要問題(ti)
1) 壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)防(fang)滲(shen)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安全隱(yin)患,廊道滲(shen)水嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)游(you)混凝土防(fang)滲(shen)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)裂縫、露筋、蜂窩、孔(kong)洞(dong),且混凝土碳化(hua)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),部分鈣質析出(chu)。2)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基防(fang)滲(shen)不滿足規范(fan)要求(qiu)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)基防(fang)滲(shen)帷幕產生(sheng)了較(jiao)嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溶出(chu)型腐蝕(shi),帷幕透水率不滿足規范(fan)要求(qiu)。3)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)與上(shang)游(you)混凝土防(fang)滲(shen)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)間開(kai)裂,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)漿砌石孔(kong)隙(xi)率較(jiao)大(da),局部存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)空洞(dong),容重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)滿足設(she)計(ji)要求(qiu),但孔(kong)隙(xi)率不滿足原設(she)計(ji)要求(qiu)。4)溢(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段混凝土表(biao)面(mian)(mian)存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)缺陷,消能防(fang)沖存(cun)(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)安全隱(yin)患。