在江西省銅(tong)鼓縣城東,武寧鄉水(shui)支(zhi) 流(liu)山口水(shui)上游的大(da)塅(duan)鄉太平村。1961年冬開工,中途停建(jian)。1987年9月復工,1990年底建(jian)成。壩(ba)(ba)址以上集水(shui)面(mian) 積610.45平方(fang)(fang)公里,總庫容(rong)1. 15億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。興利庫容(rong) 0.77億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。攔河壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)漿(jiang)砌塊石(shi)重(zhong)力壩(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)頂高程 215.2米(mi),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)高43.4米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)頂長(chang)357米(mi),頂寬8米(mi)。 副壩(ba)(ba)高15.6米(mi),頂寬4米(mi),長(chang)46米(mi)。建(jian)有水(shui)電(dian)站裝(zhuang)機4 臺共1.28萬千(qian)瓦。以發電(dian)為(wei)主,兼有防洪、養殖、灌溉等綜合(he)效益(yi)。
大(da)(da)塅(duan)(duan)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)位于中(zhong)國(guo)江西(xi)省(sheng)宜春市銅鼓縣(xian)大(da)(da)塅(duan)(duan)鎮(zhen),是一座以防洪、發電、灌(guan)溉、養殖為(wei)主要功能的(de)大(da)(da)(二)型水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)邊有巨巖名為(wei)天柱(zhu)峰(feng),屬(shu)丹霞地貌,以其(qi)為(wei)中(zhong)心在庫(ku)(ku)區建立(li)天柱(zhu)峰(feng)國(guo)家森林公園,水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)作(zuo)為(wei)其(qi)中(zhong)之九龍湖(hu)景區。
引水系統
引(yin)水(shui)系統由進水(shui)口(kou)、隧洞、調壓(ya)(ya)井、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)管(guan)道組成。進水(shui)口(kou)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)壩頭(tou)左岸,為(wei)(wei)直立塔式,設有攔污(wu)柵,檢修閘(zha)門(men)(men),工作(zuo)鋼(gang)(gang)閘(zha)門(men)(men)。隧洞位(wei)于(yu)(yu)進水(shui)口(kou)后,長435.72米(mi),內徑(jing)(jing)4.4米(mi),鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土襯砌。隧洞末端設圓筒(tong)阻抗(kang)式調壓(ya)(ya)井,井徑(jing)(jing)16米(mi),高(gao)43.5米(mi),鋼(gang)(gang)筋混(hun)凝(ning)土結構。壓(ya)(ya)力管(guan)長142.52米(mi),主管(guan)直徑(jing)(jing)3.8米(mi),分4條叉管(guan)進入廠房,叉管(guan)直徑(jing)(jing)由2.1米(mi)變為(wei)(wei)1.75米(mi)。
施工進度
大塅(duan)水(shui)(shui)庫1969年(nian)冬開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),打通一(yi)條(tiao)275米(mi)長(chang)隧洞,因(yin)地質(zhi)情況不明(ming),資(zi)金不足停建。1974年(nian)進行(xing)地質(zhi)勘(kan)探和編(bian)報初步(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)。為了(le)進一(yi)步(bu)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術經濟進行(xing)論(lun)證,1984年(nian)秋委托省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利規(gui)劃設(she)(she)計(ji)院進行(xing)勘(kan)測(ce)設(she)(she)計(ji),1985年(nian)編(bian)制(zhi)設(she)(she)計(ji)任務書,1986年(nian)6月編(bian)制(zhi)補(bu)充初步(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)。1987年(nian)春,經省(sheng)計(ji)委批準,縣委、縣政府決定(ding)續建,9月20日正式開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由(you)水(shui)(shui)利電力(li)部(bu)長(chang)江(jiang)葛洲壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)局(ju)承包施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。1990年(nian)底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)基本(ben)建成(cheng)(cheng),第1臺(tai)機(ji)組投(tou)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)電。整個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完成(cheng)(cheng)明(ming)挖(wa)土(tu)(tu)(tu)方8.85萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),填土(tu)(tu)(tu)方1.98萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),明(ming)挖(wa)石方21.47萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),洞挖(wa)石方1.49萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)砌塊(kuai)石13.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),干砌砌塊(kuai)石0.51萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和鋼筋混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)8.04萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方米(mi),安裝金屬327噸(dun),帷幕灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)4120米(mi),固結(jie)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)14729米(mi)。共用(yong)勞動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日107.66萬(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge),總投(tou)資(zi)6200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)庫淹(yan)田3878畝(mu),移(yi)民2475人。由(you)于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量差(cha),主壩及引水(shui)(shui)隧洞等(deng)重要部(bu)位采(cai)用(yong)灌(guan)(guan)漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)固,主壩面板(ban)選用(yong)氯碇沙漿(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)噴涂防滲,分塊(kuai)縫(feng)采(cai)用(yong)粘貼(tie)橡皮(pi)止水(shui)(shui)。加(jia)(jia)固措施(shi)及尾(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尚(shang)在(zai)繼續進行(xing)中。按照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度,余3臺(tai)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)組可在(zai)1991年(nian)第一(yi)季度全部(bu)投(tou)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)電。1990年(nian)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)大擐水(shui)(shui)庫管理局(ju)(屬二級局(ju)),李紹成(cheng)(cheng)為局(ju)長(chang),下設(she)(she)發(fa)(fa)電、養(yang)殖廠,有職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)180人。
工程概況
水(shui)庫工程(cheng)主(zhu)要由主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、放(fang)空底孔(kong)、引水(shui)隧洞等建筑物組成。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)漿砌石重力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程(cheng)215.2m,頂(ding)寬8.0m,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)43.4m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線成折線型,長357m,共(gong)14個(ge)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段,從(cong)左(zuo)至右分別(bie)為(wei)左(zuo)岸擋水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段、溢(yi)(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段、右岸擋水(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段及右岸接(jie)頭刺墻。其(qi)中(zhong)3號、4號、5號壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段為(wei)溢(yi)(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段,寬81m,共(gong)設(she)5個(ge)溢(yi)(yi)流表孔(kong),單孔(kong)凈寬12m,由露頂(ding)式弧(hu)形鋼閘門控(kong)制。
水庫漿砌石重力壩運行20年(nian)存在主要問題
1) 壩(ba)體(ti)防(fang)滲(shen)存在安(an)全隱患(huan),廊道(dao)滲(shen)水嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)。壩(ba)體(ti)上游(you)(you)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)防(fang)滲(shen)面板(ban)存在裂縫、露筋、蜂窩、孔(kong)洞,且(qie)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)碳化嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong),部分鈣質析出(chu)。2)壩(ba)基防(fang)滲(shen)不滿足規(gui)范(fan)要求(qiu)。壩(ba)基防(fang)滲(shen)帷幕產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)較嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)溶(rong)出(chu)型腐蝕,帷幕透水率(lv)不滿足規(gui)范(fan)要求(qiu)。3)壩(ba)體(ti)與上游(you)(you)混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)防(fang)滲(shen)面板(ban)間開裂,壩(ba)體(ti)漿(jiang)砌石孔(kong)隙(xi)率(lv)較大(da),局(ju)部存在空洞,容重(zhong)滿足設計要求(qiu),但孔(kong)隙(xi)率(lv)不滿足原(yuan)設計要求(qiu)。4)溢(yi)流壩(ba)段混凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)表面存在缺陷,消能防(fang)沖(chong)存在安(an)全隱患(huan)。