在(zai)江西省銅(tong)鼓縣城東(dong),武(wu)寧鄉(xiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)支 流山口水(shui)(shui)(shui)上(shang)游的大塅鄉(xiang)太平村。1961年(nian)冬(dong)開工(gong),中途停(ting)建(jian)。1987年(nian)9月復工(gong),1990年(nian)底建(jian)成。壩址以(yi)上(shang)集水(shui)(shui)(shui)面 積610.45平方(fang)公里,總庫容1. 15億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。興利庫容 0.77億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。攔(lan)河壩為漿砌塊(kuai)石重(zhong)力(li)壩,壩頂高程 215.2米(mi)(mi),最大壩高43.4米(mi)(mi),壩頂長(chang)357米(mi)(mi),頂寬8米(mi)(mi)。 副壩高15.6米(mi)(mi),頂寬4米(mi)(mi),長(chang)46米(mi)(mi)。建(jian)有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站(zhan)裝機4 臺(tai)共(gong)1.28萬千(qian)瓦。以(yi)發(fa)電為主,兼有(you)防洪(hong)、養(yang)殖、灌溉等綜合(he)效益。
大(da)塅水庫位于中(zhong)(zhong)國江西省宜春市銅(tong)鼓縣大(da)塅鎮,是(shi)一座以(yi)防洪(hong)、發電、灌溉、養殖為主要功能的大(da)(二)型水庫。水庫邊有巨(ju)巖名為天柱峰,屬丹霞(xia)地貌,以(yi)其(qi)為中(zhong)(zhong)心在庫區建立天柱峰國家森(sen)林(lin)公園,水庫作為其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)之九龍湖景區。
引水系統
引水(shui)系(xi)統由(you)進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)、隧(sui)洞、調壓(ya)(ya)井、高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)管道組成。進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)位于(yu)壩頭左岸,為直(zhi)(zhi)立塔式(shi),設有攔污柵,檢修(xiu)閘門(men),工作(zuo)鋼閘門(men)。隧(sui)洞位于(yu)進(jin)水(shui)口(kou)后,長(chang)(chang)435.72米(mi)(mi),內徑4.4米(mi)(mi),鋼筋混凝(ning)土襯(chen)砌。隧(sui)洞末端(duan)設圓(yuan)筒阻抗(kang)式(shi)調壓(ya)(ya)井,井徑16米(mi)(mi),高(gao)43.5米(mi)(mi),鋼筋混凝(ning)土結構(gou)。壓(ya)(ya)力管長(chang)(chang)142.52米(mi)(mi),主管直(zhi)(zhi)徑3.8米(mi)(mi),分4條叉(cha)管進(jin)入(ru)廠房(fang),叉(cha)管直(zhi)(zhi)徑由(you)2.1米(mi)(mi)變(bian)為1.75米(mi)(mi)。
施工進度
大塅(duan)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)1969年冬(dong)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),打通一條275米長(chang)(chang)隧(sui)洞(dong),因地(di)質(zhi)情況不明(ming),資(zi)金不足停建(jian)。1974年進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)地(di)質(zhi)勘探和(he)編(bian)報初步設(she)計(ji)。為了(le)進(jin)(jin)(jin)一步對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技術經濟進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)論證,1984年秋委托省水(shui)利規劃設(she)計(ji)院(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)勘測(ce)設(she)計(ji),1985年編(bian)制設(she)計(ji)任(ren)務書,1986年6月編(bian)制補充初步設(she)計(ji)。1987年春,經省計(ji)委批準,縣委、縣政府決定續建(jian),9月20日正式開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由水(shui)利電(dian)力(li)部(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)江葛洲壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程局(ju)承包(bao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。1990年底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程基本建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng),第(di)(di)1臺(tai)機組投產發(fa)電(dian)。整個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程完成(cheng)(cheng)明(ming)挖(wa)土方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)8.85萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,填土方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)1.98萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,明(ming)挖(wa)石(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)21.47萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,洞(dong)挖(wa)石(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)1.49萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,漿(jiang)砌塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)13.3萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,干砌砌塊(kuai)石(shi)(shi)(shi)0.51萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,混凝(ning)土和(he)鋼筋混凝(ning)土8.04萬(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米,安(an)裝(zhuang)金屬327噸(dun),帷幕灌漿(jiang)4120米,固(gu)結(jie)灌漿(jiang)14729米。共用(yong)(yong)勞(lao)動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日107.66萬(wan)(wan)個,總投資(zi)6200萬(wan)(wan)元。水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)淹田3878畝,移民2475人。由于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量差,主(zhu)壩及引水(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)等重要部(bu)(bu)(bu)位采用(yong)(yong)灌漿(jiang)加(jia)固(gu),主(zhu)壩面板選用(yong)(yong)氯碇(ding)沙漿(jiang)噴涂防滲(shen),分塊(kuai)縫采用(yong)(yong)粘貼橡皮止水(shui)。加(jia)固(gu)措施(shi)及尾工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尚在繼續進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)中。按(an)照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)(jin)(jin)度(du)(du),余3臺(tai)發(fa)電(dian)機組可在1991年第(di)(di)一季度(du)(du)全部(bu)(bu)(bu)投產發(fa)電(dian)。1990年成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)大擐水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管理局(ju)(屬二(er)級局(ju)),李紹成(cheng)(cheng)為局(ju)長(chang)(chang),下設(she)發(fa)電(dian)、養殖廠,有職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)180人。
工程概況
水庫工程主(zhu)要由主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)、放空底孔、引水隧(sui)洞等建筑物組(zu)成。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)漿砌石重(zhong)力壩(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程215.2m,頂(ding)寬(kuan)8.0m,最大壩(ba)(ba)高43.4m,壩(ba)(ba)軸(zhou)線成折線型,長357m,共14個壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan),從左至(zhi)右(you)(you)分別(bie)為(wei)左岸擋水壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)、溢(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)、右(you)(you)岸擋水壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)及右(you)(you)岸接頭刺墻。其中(zhong)3號、4號、5號壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)溢(yi)流壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan),寬(kuan)81m,共設5個溢(yi)流表孔,單孔凈寬(kuan)12m,由露(lu)頂(ding)式弧形鋼閘門控制。
水(shui)庫漿砌(qi)石重(zhong)力壩運行20年(nian)存在主要問題
1) 壩(ba)體防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)存(cun)在(zai)安全隱(yin)患,廊道滲(shen)(shen)(shen)水嚴(yan)重(zhong)。壩(ba)體上游混(hun)凝土(tu)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)面(mian)板(ban)存(cun)在(zai)裂縫、露筋、蜂窩、孔洞(dong),且混(hun)凝土(tu)碳化嚴(yan)重(zhong),部分鈣(gai)質析(xi)出。2)壩(ba)基防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)滿(man)足規范要(yao)求(qiu)。壩(ba)基防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)帷幕產生了較(jiao)嚴(yan)重(zhong)溶出型腐蝕,帷幕透水率(lv)(lv)不(bu)滿(man)足規范要(yao)求(qiu)。3)壩(ba)體與上游混(hun)凝土(tu)防(fang)(fang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)面(mian)板(ban)間開(kai)裂,壩(ba)體漿砌石孔隙率(lv)(lv)較(jiao)大,局部存(cun)在(zai)空洞(dong),容重(zhong)滿(man)足設計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu),但孔隙率(lv)(lv)不(bu)滿(man)足原設計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)。4)溢流壩(ba)段混(hun)凝土(tu)表(biao)面(mian)存(cun)在(zai)缺(que)陷,消能(neng)防(fang)(fang)沖存(cun)在(zai)安全隱(yin)患。