工程概況
巴(ba)山(shan)(shan)水(shui)電站位(wei)于重慶市城口縣巴(ba)山(shan)(shan)鎮上游約1公(gong)里處,在城口縣巴(ba)山(shan)(shan)鎮地處任(ren)河(he)流域。為(wei)(wei)國內在建(jian)的第(di)一座(zuo)折線面(mian)板(ban)堆石壩,技(ji)術難度很高,壩址區地質條件較(jiao)差,施工(gong)(gong)場地狹窄(zhai),上下交叉作(zuo)業,尤其是左岸壩坡大多(duo)為(wei)(wei)較(jiao)深崩坡積體,上壩道路布(bu)置(zhi)困難,壩體折線布(bu)置(zhi),大壩墊層料填筑、碾壓(ya)及面(mian)板(ban)施工(gong)(gong)等施工(gong)(gong)都增(zeng)加很大的難度。水(shui)電站所處任(ren)河(he)河(he)床坡降較(jiao)大。截止到2007年6月25日,累計已完成(cheng)評定土建(jian)單元(yuan)工(gong)(gong)程個數473個,其中(zhong)優良421個,土建(jian)單元(yuan)(分項(xiang))工(gong)(gong)程優良率(lv)89.01%,單元(yuan)(分項(xiang))工(gong)(gong)程一次驗(yan)收合格率(lv)100%,各部(bu)位(wei)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)均未出現(xian)任(ren)何質量事故。
巴山水電(dian)站于2005年(nian)12月由(you)重慶市能(neng)源投(tou)(tou)資集團公司投(tou)(tou)資興建,裝機容量15萬千瓦(wa),動(dong)態(tai)投(tou)(tou)資12億元。
電站(zhan)為(wei)引(yin)水式電站(zhan)屬二等工程。最大壩高155.0米(mi),正(zheng)常蓄(xu)水位680米(mi),總蓄(xu)水庫容3.154億立方米(mi)。總裝機容量為(wei)2×70兆瓦(wa),建(jian)成后(hou)多年平均(jun)發電量4.498億千瓦(wa)時(shi),電站(zhan)年利(li)用小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)數3213小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)。
震因考察
根據野(ye)外(wai)實地考(kao)察(cha),對(dui)(dui)巴(ba)山(shan)水庫(ku)(ku)區域地質(zhi)構(gou)造特(te)征,地震(zhen)(zhen)活動背景,區域應力(li)場和水文地質(zhi)特(te)征等誘(you)(you)震(zhen)(zhen)條件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)了綜合分析,并與(yu)周邊其它已建水庫(ku)(ku)的(de)地質(zhi)條件(jian)進(jin)行(xing)類比,對(dui)(dui)巴(ba)山(shan)水庫(ku)(ku)可(ke)能(neng)發震(zhen)(zhen)的(de)地段、最高(gao)震(zhen)(zhen)級和烈度(du)以及對(dui)(dui)工程的(de)影響作(zuo)出初(chu)步(bu)評價,認(ren)為(wei)巴(ba)山(shan)水庫(ku)(ku)誘(you)(you)發地震(zhen)(zhen)的(de)上(shang)限震(zhen)(zhen)級為(wei)3.0級,相(xiang)應誘(you)(you)發地震(zhen)(zhen)的(de)烈度(du)為(wei)VI度(du),對(dui)(dui)應的(de)地震(zhen)(zhen)動峰值加速度(du)為(wei)0.05g。
確定方案
國電(dian)(dian)華東(dong)勘測設(she)計研(yan)究院于(yu)2002年10月(yue)開始勘測設(she)計工作(zuo),先后于(yu)2003年6月(yue)完成了《巴山水庫工程項(xiang)目(mu)建議書》、2003年11月(yue)完成《巴山水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)預(yu)可行性(xing)研(yan)究報告》,2004 年1 月(yue)通過重慶市(shi)發改委審(shen)查批復。
水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)工程(cheng)地質條件復(fu)雜,為(wei)推(tui)薦方(fang)案的(de)《巴(ba)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可行(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)》。由于(yu)該方(fang)案跨流域引(yin)水(shui)(shui),未(wei)能取得下(xia)游(you)萬源市的(de)同(tong)意, 2005年5月31日華東院重新按短(duan)洞(dong)方(fang)案進行(xing)設(she)計,并于(yu)2005年10月完成以短(duan)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)方(fang)案為(wei)推(tui)薦方(fang)案的(de)《巴(ba)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可行(xing)性(xing)研究(jiu)報(bao)(bao)告(gao)》。
巴山(shan)水電站(zhan)前期導流洞工(gong)程(cheng)已于2005年(nian)12月(yue)1日開(kai)工(gong)。2006年(nian)10月(yue)下(xia)旬大江截流,2008年(nian)底(di)或2009 年(nian)初首(shou)臺機(ji)(ji)組發(fa)電,2009年(nian)9月(yue)第二臺機(ji)(ji)組發(fa)電,2009年(nian)底(di)工(gong)程(cheng)完工(gong)。該(gai)項目總投資11.8億元。
施工設計
工程(cheng)(cheng)樞(shu)紐主要由(you)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)、引(yin)水(shui)隧洞、水(shui)庫(ku)、廠房等(deng)。設(she)計大(da)(da)最壩(ba)(ba)高155m,壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高程(cheng)(cheng)685m,壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)長375m,壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)寬12m,壩(ba)(ba)址(zhi)以上流(liu)域面積1712平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,正常(chang)蓄水(shui)位為680.00m,相應庫(ku)容(rong)為2.93億立(li)方(fang)米(mi);多年平(ping)均流(liu)量為113 立(li)方(fang)米(mi)/秒。大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)填筑(zhu)(zhu)總量約(yue)(yue)550萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)填筑(zhu)(zhu)到611.5m 臨時斷面,常(chang)蓄水(shui)位680米(mi),總蓄水(shui)庫(ku)容(rong)3.154億立(li)方(fang)米(mi),總裝機容(rong)量為2×7萬千瓦。壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)已填筑(zhu)(zhu)約(yue)(yue)200萬立(li)方(fang)米(mi),大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)垂直抬高高度80m。
初(chu)步確定的引(yin)水隧洞直徑為7.3m,引(yin)水系(xi)統全長為4.43km。電站裝機140MW(2×70 MW),年(nian)平(ping)均發電量(liang)4.498億kW.h,電站年(nian)利用小(xiao)時數(shu)3213h。
廠(chang)房為地面廠(chang)房,設有兩(liang)臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)。
施工預報
巴山水電站
該流域洪水(shui)陡(dou)漲陡(dou)落,遇見期短,洪水(shui)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)方案精(jing)度不(bu)高(gao),預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)難(nan)度較(jiao)大(da),且電站正處于施(shi)工(gong)初期,河流稍有漲水(shui)便會給施(shi)工(gong)造成威(wei)脅(xie)。市水(shui)文局(ju)領導(dao)組織預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)骨干(gan)駐守巴山預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)中心(xin),巴山電站施(shi)工(gong)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)發布(bu)中短期洪水(shui)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)164期,其(qi)中經歷了9次大(da)洪水(shui),預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)精(jing)度達到90%以(yi)上。
2006年(nian)4月21日,任河上(shang)游(you)遭(zao)遇(yu)承擔巴山電(dian)站(zhan)施工(gong)預(yu)報(bao)以來的第一次暴雨,位(wei)(wei)(wei)于電(dian)站(zhan)上(shang)游(you)的城口水(shui)文站(zhan)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)陡漲,巴山電(dian)站(zhan)受到上(shang)游(you)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)威脅(xie),電(dian)站(zhan)水(shui)情預(yu)報(bao)中心提前6小時(shi)作出上(shang)游(you)城口站(zhan)洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)744.52m、中游(you)“倒角灣”斷(duan)(duan)面洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)700m、以及電(dian)站(zhan)壩址(zhi)處(chu)“導(dao)流出”斷(duan)(duan)面洪(hong)(hong)峰(feng)水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)601.04m的預(yu)報(bao),與實測資(zi)料相差最小的僅0.16m,預(yu)報(bao)精度達優。
巴(ba)(ba)山電站(zhan)相繼(ji)又經歷了幾次(ci)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui),巴(ba)(ba)山水(shui)(shui)(shui)情預(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)中心(xin)預(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)人員24小時值班,準確、及時地將洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)預(yu)報(bao)(bao)(bao)提供給工(gong)程管理單位,以優質高效的水(shui)(shui)(shui)文技(ji)術服務電站(zhan),避免了經濟損失,贏得(de)較好(hao)贊譽(yu)。
2006年6月30日,任河上(shang)游普(pu)降大(da)暴(bao)雨,最大(da)6小時(shi)降雨量達70mm,城口(kou)水(shui)文站水(shui)位(wei)(wei)陡漲(zhang),水(shui)情預報(bao)中心的預報(bao)人員迅速、準確、及時(shi)地作出了(le)(le)電站壩址(zhi)未來6小時(shi)的洪水(shui)預報(bao)提(ti)供給工(gong)程(cheng)管理單位(wei)(wei),為電站各施工(gong)單位(wei)(wei)安全撤離建設(she)工(gong)地爭取(qu)了(le)(le)寶(bao)貴時(shi)間。
工程施工
2號(hao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)吊裝(zhuang)成(cheng)功巴山(shan)水電(dian)(dian)開發(fa)(fa)有限公司巴山(shan)水電(dian)(dian)站機(ji)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)2號(hao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)一次(ci)吊裝(zhuang)成(cheng)功。該發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)凈(jing)重130噸,機(ji)座高3110毫(hao)(hao)米,外徑6700毫(hao)(hao)米,定(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵(tie)芯外徑5700毫(hao)(hao)米,定(ding)子(zi)(zi)鐵(tie)芯內徑4800毫(hao)(hao)米,是機(ji)電(dian)(dian)安(an)裝(zhuang)中最重的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)。2號(hao)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)安(an)裝(zhuang)成(cheng)功,標志著水電(dian)(dian)站已具備(bei)年底發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)條件。
引水(shui)隧洞(dong)提前貫(guan)通基礎公司(si)承(cheng)建的重慶巴山(shan)水(shui)電站(zhan)引水(shui)隧洞(dong),比計劃工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期提前36天(tian)貫(guan)通,為該工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程由(you)洞(dong)挖(wa)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)轉入洞(dong)內襯砌施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)創造(zao)了(le)條件(jian)(jian)。水(shui)電站(zhan)引水(shui)隧洞(dong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程地質條件(jian)(jian)復(fu)雜,環境(jing)艱苦,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)難度大(da),工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期緊(jin)。承(cheng)擔施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的基礎公司(si)巴山(shan)項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)克難奮進,摸(mo)索出了(le)一套行之有效(xiao)(xiao)的施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法(fa),即把(ba)監(jian)控測(ce)量、信息反饋和超前預報(bao)等納(na)入工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)管(guan)理,按照(zhao)“先(xian)預報(bao)、多分部(bu)、短(duan)進尺、弱(ruo)爆(bao)破(po)、強支護、勤測(ce)量”的原則,開(kai)展軟(ruan)弱(ruo)圍巖施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),并努(nu)力改善施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境(jing),保證通風、供(gong)電及提高設備機械化,有效(xiao)(xiao)化解(jie)了(le)各種風險,加快了(le)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度。項(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)累(lei)計完(wan)成土石(shi)方(fang)開(kai)挖(wa)近10萬立方(fang)米,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中沒有發生一起安全事(shi)故。
試驗檢測
繼(ji)重慶巴山水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)建設(she)監理(li)合同順利簽(qian)訂(ding)后,經過公(gong)(gong)司(si)領導和巴山監理(li)部亓(qi)文祥總監共同努力,在(zai)監理(li)合同的(de)(de)(de)基礎上又增加(jia)了(le)(le)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)檢(jian)測項(xiang)目。2006年(nian)3月18日,小浪底工(gong)程咨詢有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)與水(shui)(shui)電(dian)開發有限公(gong)(gong)司(si)簽(qian)訂(ding)了(le)(le)建設(she)監理(li)合同補充協議,總價(jia)160萬(wan)元。為改水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站(zhan)溢洪(hong)道進(jin)水(shui)(shui)渠流態、提高泄流能(neng)力,通過一系列試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)優(you)化了(le)(le)溢洪(hong)道引(yin)水(shui)(shui)渠左導墻頭部曲線型式。結合工(gong)程實際和以往經驗(yan)(yan),技術單位比較了(le)(le)9種進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口曲線型式的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)結果,確(que)定(ding)了(le)(le)長(chang)短軸黃金分割比的(de)(de)(de)橢(tuo)圓弧面的(de)(de)(de)方案。進(jin)一步的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)明了(le)(le)該方案無論在(zai)流態上還(huan)是在(zai)泄流能(neng)力方面都達到(dao)了(le)(le)令人(ren)滿意的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果。
巴山(shan)(shan)水(shui)電站試驗檢測協議的(de)簽(qian)訂,充分(fen)體現(xian)了業主對(dui)公司的(de)信任。巴山(shan)(shan)監理部(bu)將依托小(xiao)浪底工程積累的(de)試驗檢測技術和經驗, 在巴山(shan)(shan)水(shui)電站打造小(xiao)浪底品牌。
工程效能
工程(cheng)(cheng)以發(fa)電為主,兼有旅游和改善生態環境等綜合利用功能(neng),是綜合治理開發(fa)任河干流的(de)關鍵工程(cheng)(cheng)。電站(zhan)建成后,滿足重慶(qing)電網東北部供區的(de)調峰需求,促進城口縣社會經濟可持續發(fa)展。