浮水草本,高(gao)30-60厘米。須根發(fa)達,棕(zong)黑色(se),長達30厘米。莖(jing)極短,具(ju)長匍匐(fu)(fu)枝,匍匐(fu)(fu)枝淡綠(lv)色(se)或帶紫(zi)色(se),與母株分離后長成新植物(wu)。
葉(xie)在(zai)基(ji)部叢(cong)生,蓮座狀(zhuang)排列,一(yi)般5-10片(pian);葉(xie)片(pian)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),寬卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)寬菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)4.5-14.5厘米,寬5-14厘米,頂端鈍圓或(huo)(huo)微尖(jian),基(ji)部寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)在(zai)幼時(shi)為淺心形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),全緣,具(ju)弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)脈,表面深綠(lv)色(se),光(guang)(guang)亮,質地厚實,兩邊微向上(shang)卷(juan),頂部略向下翻卷(juan);葉(xie)柄長(chang)短不等,中部膨(peng)大成囊狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),內(nei)有許多多邊形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)柱狀(zhuang)細胞組成的氣室,維管束散布其間,黃綠(lv)色(se)至綠(lv)色(se),光(guang)(guang)滑;葉(xie)柄基(ji)部有鞘狀(zhuang)苞片(pian),長(chang)8-11厘米,黃綠(lv)色(se),薄而半透(tou)明;
花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)葶從葉柄基(ji)(ji)部(bu)的鞘狀苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)腋內(nei)伸出,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)34-46厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),多(duo)棱;穗狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)17-20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),通常具9-12朵花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)6枚(mei),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣狀,卵(luan)形(xing)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)或倒卵(luan)形(xing),紫藍(lan)(lan)色(se)(se),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)略兩側對稱,直徑4-6厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上方1枚(mei)裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)較(jiao)大(da),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約3.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬約2.4厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),三色(se)(se)即四周淡紫紅色(se)(se),中間(jian)藍(lan)(lan)色(se)(se),在藍(lan)(lan)色(se)(se)的中央有1黃色(se)(se)圓斑,其(qi)余各(ge)片(pian)(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約3厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1.5-1.8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下方1枚(mei)裂片(pian)(pian)(pian)較(jiao)狹,寬1.2-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被片(pian)(pian)(pian)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)合生(sheng)(sheng)成筒(tong),外面近基(ji)(ji)部(bu)有腺(xian)毛(mao);雄(xiong)蕊6枚(mei),貼生(sheng)(sheng)于花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被筒(tong)上,3長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3短(duan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的從花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被筒(tong)喉部(bu)伸出,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.6-2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),短(duan)的生(sheng)(sheng)于近喉部(bu),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲上有腺(xian)毛(mao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約0.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),3(2-4)細胞,頂(ding)端膨(peng)大(da);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥箭形(xing),基(ji)(ji)著,藍(lan)(lan)灰色(se)(se),2室,縱裂;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉粒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)卵(luan)圓形(xing),黃色(se)(se);子房上位,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)梨形(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),3室,中軸胎(tai)座(zuo),胚珠多(duo)數;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)(zhu)1,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約2厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),伸出花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被筒(tong)的部(bu)分有腺(xian)毛(mao);柱(zhu)(zhu)頭上密生(sheng)(sheng)腺(xian)毛(mao)。蒴果(guo)卵(luan)形(xing)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期7-10月,果(guo)期8-11月。
原(yuan)產巴(ba)西。廣(guang)布于(yu)中國長(chang)江、黃河流域及華南各省。生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)海拔200-1500米(mi)的水(shui)塘、溝渠及稻田中。亞洲熱(re)帶地區也已廣(guang)泛(fan)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。
選(xuan)擇開花植株(zhu)較多的(de)水塘,不打撈,于(yu)9-10月,待(dai)小果呈(cheng)淡(dan)黃時(shi),將彎曲的(de)結(jie)果花梗摘下(xia),采(cai)后攤暗風(feng)干,剝去果皮(pi),取出種子。若(ruo)于(yu)盛花時(shi)的(de)上(shang)午9-10點,將露出花粉的(de)花在拄頭(tou)上(shang)擦觸(chu)幾下(xia),可(ke)壘部結(jie)實(shi),種子飽滿(man)(man)。品種優良。2月下(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)3月初將飽滿(man)(man)且呈(cheng)黃褐(he)色的(de)種子放在25-30℃水中浸種10天,然(ran)后播在水面上(shang),井(jing)保持(chi)3O℃左右的(de)溫(wen)度和濕(shi)度狀態(tai),經1至(zhi)2周(zhou)萌發。待(dai)幼(you)苗長出5-6片葉(xie)時(shi),葉(xie)捅(tong)開始蟛大,已(yi)有一定(ding)浮(fu)力,幼(you)苗分枝后即可(ke)移植。立夏以后,平均氣(qi)溫(wen)升至(zhi)20℃左右,可(ke)移至(zhi)內(nei)塘的(de)水面養殖。
鳳眼藍腋(ye)芽較多,能(neng)發育戚為新的植株,匍匐枝(zhi)較長,嫩脆易斷,斷離后亦成為獨立的新株,具有(you)租強的無性繁殖能(neng)力。