多年(nian)生(sheng)草本,高50-200厘米(mi)。莖上部(bu)有(you)(you)分枝,無毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)稍(shao)有(you)(you)短(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)互生(sheng),無毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)被(bei)疏(shu)短(duan)(duan)毛(mao)。下部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)具葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing),不(bu)(bu)分裂或(huo)(huo)羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)5-7深裂,裂片長(chang)圓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian),邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)具不(bu)(bu)等的疏(shu)鋸齒(chi)(chi)(chi)或(huo)(huo)淺(qian)裂;中部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)3-5深裂,上部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)分裂,卵形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian),全(quan).緣(yuan)(yuan)或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)少數粗(cu)齒(chi)(chi)(chi),背面邊(bian)緣(yuan)(yuan)被(bei)短(duan)(duan)糙毛(mao)。頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)序單生(sheng)于枝端(duan)(duan),具長(chang)花(hua)序梗,徑7-12厘米(mi)。總(zong)苞半球形(xing)(xing);總(zong)苞片2層,長(chang)圓形(xing)(xing),長(chang)7-10毫米(mi),上端(duan)(duan)尖(jian)(jian),稍(shao)彎曲,被(bei)短(duan)(duan)毛(mao)。花(hua)托球形(xing)(xing);托片頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)截形(xing)(xing),被(bei)毛(mao),與瘦果等長(chang)。舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)金黃(huang)色;舌片倒披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)約(yue)為總(zong)苞片的2倍(bei),頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)具2短(duan)(duan)齒(chi)(chi)(chi);管狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)黃(huang)色或(huo)(huo)黃(huang)綠色。瘦果無毛(mao),壓扁,稍(shao)有(you)(you)4棱,長(chang)約(yue)5-6毫米(mi),頂(ding)端(duan)(duan)有(you)(you)具4齒(chi)(chi)(chi)的小(xiao)冠。花(hua)期7-10月。
性(xing)(xing)(xing)喜通風良(liang)好(hao)(hao),陽光(guang)(guang)充(chong)(chong)足的(de)環境。對陽光(guang)(guang)的(de)敏(min)(min)感性(xing)(xing)(xing)也不(bu)(bu)強。適應性(xing)(xing)(xing)強,耐(nai)寒又耐(nai)旱。對土壤要求不(bu)(bu)嚴,但忌水濕(shi)。在排水良(liang)好(hao)(hao)、疏(shu)松的(de)沙質土中生長良(liang)。雖說是草本植(zhi)物,但又具有木本植(zhi)物的(de)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing),莖(jing)桿堅硬不(bu)(bu)易倒伏,還具有抗病、抗蟲等(deng)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。因而,極易栽培,同時它對陽光(guang)(guang)的(de)敏(min)(min)感性(xing)(xing)(xing)也不(bu)(bu)強,無(wu)論在陽光(guang)(guang)充(chong)(chong)足地帶,還是在陽光(guang)(guang)較弱(ruo)的(de)環境下栽培,都不(bu)(bu)影(ying)響花的(de)鮮艷(yan)效果(guo)。
原產(chan)北美,是(shi)一種美麗的(de)觀賞植物,我(wo)國各地庭園常見栽(zai)培。
多采用分株及播種繁殖。
春(chun)季(ji)和秋季(ji)都(dou)可進行(xing)。春(chun)天以剛萌芽,秋天于花后(hou)分(fen)株(zhu)(zhu)較合適。直接(jie)將萌孽苗與(yu)母(mu)株(zhu)(zhu)挖切后(hou)分(fen)栽,或(huo)將地下宿根挖出后(hou)分(fen)株(zhu)(zhu),分(fen)株(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)每棵子株(zhu)(zhu)需要(yao)帶有(you)3-4個頂芽。南方以秋季(ji)10-11月(yue)(yue)分(fen)株(zhu)(zhu)為好,北方寒地一般在春(chun)季(ji)3-4月(yue)(yue)分(fen)株(zhu)(zhu)。
播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)在春、秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)均可,種(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)芽力可保持(chi)約2年(nian)。南(nan)方(fang)可露地苗床(chuang)(chuang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong);北方(fang)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)露地播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),春季(ji)(ji)在溫室或拱(gong)棚內育苗。用肥(fei)沃沙(sha)質土(tu)作(zuo)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)床(chuang)(chuang)土(tu),將床(chuang)(chuang)土(tu)裝人育苗盤內,刮平,澆底水后(hou),種(zhong)(zhong)子混細沙(sha)撒播(bo),每(mei)平方(fang)米苗床(chuang)(chuang)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)5-6克。播(bo)后(hou)覆土(tu),在適宜溫度下,5-7天出(chu)苗,長(chang)到2-3對真(zhen)葉(xie)時,可移苗培育。終霜(shuang)后(hou)可定植(zhi)露地。
金光(guang)菊株型較大,盛花期(qi)花朵繁多(duo),且開花觀賞期(qi)長、落(luo)葉(xie)期(qi)短,能形成(cheng)長達(da)半年之久,因而適(shi)合公園、機關、學校(xiao)、庭(ting)院等場所布置(zhi)(zhi),亦可做花壇,花境材料,也是切花、瓶(ping)插之精品,此外(wai)也可布置(zhi)(zhi)草坪(ping)邊緣(yuan)成(cheng)自然式栽植。
金光菊的(de)葉具(ju)有(you)清(qing)熱解毒(du)(du)作用(yong)。化(hua)學成分(fen)含有(you)柔毛含光菊素和15-乙(yi)酰氧基柔毛含光菊素,實驗室中(zhong)在體內對(dui)小鼠淋巴白血(xue)病(bing)P-388具(ju)有(you)抑制活性。用(yong)于濕熱蘊結(jie)于胃(wei)腸之腹痛、泄(xie)瀉、里急后重諸證(zheng)。味苦,性寒。入(ru)胃(wei)、大腸二經。該物(wu)種(zhong)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)植物(wu)圖譜數據(ju)庫收錄的(de)有(you)毒(du)(du)植物(wu),其毒(du)(du)性為(wei)(wei)全草有(you)毒(du)(du),對(dui)牲畜(chu)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)癥狀為(wei)(wei)食欲(yu)減退、呆(dai)滯、排泄(xie)增(zeng)加、視覺障(zhang)礙。重要服(fu)(fu)用(yong)為(wei)(wei)內服(fu)(fu):煎(jian)湯,9-12克。