灌木,高0.5-2米,多分枝,樹皮縱向(xiang)剝落。小枝紅褐(he)色,幼時(shi)被長柔毛。
羽狀復葉(xie),有小葉(xie)2對,稀(xi)3小葉(xie),上(shang)面(mian)一對小葉(xie)基(ji)部下(xia)延與葉(xie)軸匯合;葉(xie)柄被絹(juan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)疏(shu)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao);小葉(xie)片長(chang)圓形、倒卵長(chang)圓形或(huo)卵狀披針形,長(chang)0.7-2厘米(mi)(mi),寬0.4-1厘米(mi)(mi),全緣,邊緣平坦(tan),頂端急尖或(huo)圓鈍,基(ji)部楔形,兩(liang)面(mian)綠色(se),疏(shu)被絹(juan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)脫(tuo)落(luo)近于幾毛(mao)(mao)(mao);托(tuo)葉(xie)薄膜質,寬大,外面(mian)被長(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)脫(tuo)落(luo)。
單(dan)花(hua)或數(shu)朵生(sheng)于枝頂,花(hua)梗密被長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或絹(juan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)直徑(jing)2.2-3厘米;萼片(pian)(pian)卵圓形(xing)(xing),頂端急尖(jian)(jian)至短漸尖(jian)(jian),副萼片(pian)(pian)披針形(xing)(xing)至倒(dao)卵狀披針形(xing)(xing),頂端漸尖(jian)(jian)至急尖(jian)(jian),與萼片(pian)(pian)近等長(chang)(chang)(chang),外面疏被絹(juan)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)瓣黃色(se),寬(kuan)倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing),頂端圓鈍,比(bi)萼片(pian)(pian)長(chang)(chang)(chang);花(hua)柱近基(ji)生(sheng),棒形(xing)(xing),基(ji)部(bu)稍細(xi),頂部(bu)縊縮,柱頭擴大。瘦果(guo)近卵形(xing)(xing),褐棕色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5毫米,外被長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)果(guo)期6-9月。
金露梅生性強(qiang)健,耐寒(han),喜(xi)濕(shi)潤(run),但怕積水,耐干旱,喜(xi)光,在(zai)遮陰處多生長(chang)不(bu)良,對土壤要求不(bu)嚴,在(zai)沙(sha)壤土、素沙(sha)土中都能正常生長(chang),喜(xi)肥(fei)而較(jiao)耐瘠薄(bo)。
分(fen)布于中(zhong)國黑(hei)龍(long)江、吉林、遼(liao)寧、內蒙古、河北、山(shan)西(xi)、陜西(xi)、甘肅、新疆、四川、云南、西(xi)藏。生山(shan)坡草地、礫(li)石坡、灌叢(cong)及林緣(yuan),海拔1000-4000米(mi)。
種子(zi)催芽(ya)用(yong)始溫50℃清水浸種,用(yong)水量為(wei)種子(zi)體(ti)積的3倍(bei),自然冷卻到(dao)室溫,浸種24小時。撈(lao)取種子(zi)轉至(zhi)恒溫培(pei)養箱(xiang),恒溫25℃催芽(ya)至(zhi)20%-80%以上種子(zi)露白。
采(cai)用落(luo)水條播(bo)的播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法,播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期為(wei)4月(yue)中旬。在播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝內灌(guan)足底水,待水下滲(shen)后,下墊1-2厘(li)米(mi)培(pei)養(yang)土。將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子與濕沙按1:2混合,播(bo)于播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝內,覆(fu)蓋(gai)培(pei)養(yang)土,厚度約0.2厘(li)米(mi)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)床面覆(fu)蓋(gai)農用地(di)膜,以利于保濕恒溫。
幼苗期主要防(fang)(fang)治立枯病,在種子發芽(ya)出土(tu)后,噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)50%的多菌靈可濕性(xing)粉(fen)劑(ji)500~1000倍液(ye),每10天(tian)(tian)噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)1次(ci)(ci),連續噴(pen)灑(sa)(sa)3次(ci)(ci)。速(su)生期后,用(yong)50%的辛(xin)硫(liu)磷(lin)乳油800倍液(ye)噴(pen)施苗木,以(yi)防(fang)(fang)治食葉害蟲(chong)危(wei)害。用(yong)50%辛(xin)硫(liu)磷(lin)乳油2000倍液(ye)灌根,以(yi)防(fang)(fang)治地下害蟲(chong)危(wei)害,每隔7天(tian)(tian)進行(xing)1次(ci)(ci)。
該種枝葉(xie)(xie)(xie)茂密,黃花鮮艷(yan),適宜作(zuo)庭園觀(guan)賞(shang)灌木,或(huo)作(zuo)矮籬也很美觀(guan)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)與果含鞣質,可提制栲膠。嫩葉(xie)(xie)(xie)可代茶葉(xie)(xie)(xie)飲(yin)用(yong)。花、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)入藥,有健脾,化濕、清暑、調經之(zhi)效(xiao)。在(zai)內蒙古山(shan)區為中等飼用(yong)植物,駱(luo)駝最(zui)愛吃。藏民(min)廣泛用(yong)作(zuo)建筑材(cai)料(liao),填充在(zai)屋檐下(xia)或(huo)門窗上下(xia)。