灌木,高(gao)0.5-2米,多分枝,樹皮縱向剝落。小枝紅褐色,幼(you)時被長柔毛。
羽(yu)狀復葉,有小(xiao)葉2對(dui),稀3小(xiao)葉,上面(mian)一對(dui)小(xiao)葉基部下延與葉軸(zhou)匯合;葉柄被(bei)(bei)絹毛(mao)或疏(shu)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao);小(xiao)葉片長(chang)圓形(xing)、倒卵長(chang)圓形(xing)或卵狀披針形(xing),長(chang)0.7-2厘(li)米,寬(kuan)(kuan)0.4-1厘(li)米,全(quan)緣(yuan),邊(bian)緣(yuan)平坦(tan),頂端急尖或圓鈍,基部楔形(xing),兩面(mian)綠色,疏(shu)被(bei)(bei)絹毛(mao)或柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)或脫(tuo)落近于幾(ji)毛(mao);托葉薄膜質,寬(kuan)(kuan)大,外面(mian)被(bei)(bei)長(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛(mao)或脫(tuo)落。
單花(hua)(hua)或數朵生于枝(zhi)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),花(hua)(hua)梗密被(bei)長柔(rou)(rou)毛或絹毛;花(hua)(hua)直徑2.2-3厘米;萼(e)片(pian)卵圓形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)(ding)端急尖(jian)(jian)至短漸尖(jian)(jian),副萼(e)片(pian)披針形(xing)(xing)至倒卵狀披針形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)(ding)端漸尖(jian)(jian)至急尖(jian)(jian),與萼(e)片(pian)近等長,外面疏(shu)被(bei)絹毛;花(hua)(hua)瓣黃色,寬倒卵形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)(ding)(ding)端圓鈍,比萼(e)片(pian)長;花(hua)(hua)柱近基生,棒形(xing)(xing),基部稍細,頂(ding)(ding)(ding)部縊(yi)縮,柱頭擴(kuo)大。瘦果近卵形(xing)(xing),褐棕色,長1.5毫米,外被(bei)長柔(rou)(rou)毛。花(hua)(hua)果期6-9月。
金露梅生(sheng)性強(qiang)健,耐(nai)寒,喜(xi)濕潤,但怕積水(shui),耐(nai)干旱,喜(xi)光,在遮陰處(chu)多生(sheng)長不良(liang),對土壤(rang)(rang)要求不嚴,在沙壤(rang)(rang)土、素沙土中都能(neng)正(zheng)常生(sheng)長,喜(xi)肥(fei)而較耐(nai)瘠薄。
分(fen)布于中(zhong)國黑龍江、吉林、遼寧、內蒙古(gu)、河北、山西(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)、甘肅、新疆、四川、云南、西(xi)藏(zang)。生(sheng)山坡(po)草地、礫石坡(po)、灌(guan)叢及林緣,海拔1000-4000米。
種(zhong)(zhong)子催(cui)芽用始溫(wen)50℃清(qing)水浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong),用水量為種(zhong)(zhong)子體積的3倍,自(zi)然冷(leng)卻(que)到室溫(wen),浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)24小(xiao)時。撈取種(zhong)(zhong)子轉至(zhi)恒溫(wen)培養箱,恒溫(wen)25℃催(cui)芽至(zhi)20%-80%以上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)子露白。
采用(yong)落水條播(bo)(bo)的播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方法,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)期為4月(yue)中旬(xun)。在播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)溝內灌足(zu)底(di)水,待水下(xia)滲后,下(xia)墊1-2厘米(mi)培養土。將種(zhong)子(zi)與濕(shi)沙按1:2混合,播(bo)(bo)于播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)溝內,覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)培養土,厚(hou)度約0.2厘米(mi)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)床面覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)農用(yong)地膜,以利于保濕(shi)恒溫。
幼苗期(qi)主要防治立枯病,在種(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)芽出土后,噴(pen)灑(sa)50%的多菌靈可濕性粉(fen)劑500~1000倍液(ye),每10天噴(pen)灑(sa)1次,連(lian)續噴(pen)灑(sa)3次。速生期(qi)后,用(yong)50%的辛(xin)(xin)硫磷乳油800倍液(ye)噴(pen)施苗木,以防治食葉害(hai)蟲(chong)危害(hai)。用(yong)50%辛(xin)(xin)硫磷乳油2000倍液(ye)灌根(gen),以防治地下害(hai)蟲(chong)危害(hai),每隔7天進行1次。
該種(zhong)枝葉(xie)茂(mao)密,黃花(hua)(hua)鮮艷(yan),適(shi)宜作(zuo)庭園觀賞灌木,或(huo)作(zuo)矮籬也很(hen)美(mei)觀。葉(xie)與果含鞣質,可提制栲(kao)膠。嫩(nen)葉(xie)可代茶葉(xie)飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)。花(hua)(hua)、葉(xie)入藥,有健脾,化濕、清暑、調經(jing)之效(xiao)。在內(nei)蒙(meng)古山區為中(zhong)等飼(si)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植物,駱駝最愛(ai)吃。藏(zang)民(min)廣泛(fan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)作(zuo)建筑(zhu)材料,填充在屋檐下(xia)或(huo)門窗上下(xia)。