灌(guan)木,高0.5-2米,多分枝(zhi),樹皮縱(zong)向(xiang)剝(bo)落(luo)。小枝(zhi)紅褐色(se),幼時被長(chang)柔毛。
羽狀(zhuang)復葉(xie)(xie),有小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)2對(dui),稀3小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie),上(shang)面一對(dui)小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)基(ji)(ji)部下延與葉(xie)(xie)軸匯合;葉(xie)(xie)柄被絹毛(mao)或疏(shu)柔毛(mao);小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)片長圓形(xing)(xing)、倒卵長圓形(xing)(xing)或卵狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長0.7-2厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬0.4-1厘(li)米(mi)(mi),全緣,邊(bian)緣平坦,頂端急(ji)尖或圓鈍,基(ji)(ji)部楔(xie)形(xing)(xing),兩(liang)面綠色,疏(shu)被絹毛(mao)或柔毛(mao)或脫落(luo)近于(yu)幾毛(mao);托葉(xie)(xie)薄膜質,寬大,外面被長柔毛(mao)或脫落(luo)。
單(dan)花(hua)(hua)或(huo)數朵生于枝(zhi)頂,花(hua)(hua)梗密(mi)被(bei)(bei)長柔(rou)毛(mao)或(huo)絹毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)直徑2.2-3厘米;萼片(pian)卵圓形(xing),頂端急(ji)尖(jian)至短漸(jian)尖(jian),副萼片(pian)披針形(xing)至倒卵狀披針形(xing),頂端漸(jian)尖(jian)至急(ji)尖(jian),與(yu)萼片(pian)近(jin)等長,外面疏被(bei)(bei)絹毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)瓣黃色,寬倒卵形(xing),頂端圓鈍,比萼片(pian)長;花(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)近(jin)基(ji)生,棒形(xing),基(ji)部稍細,頂部縊(yi)縮,柱(zhu)頭擴大。瘦果近(jin)卵形(xing),褐棕色,長1.5毫米,外被(bei)(bei)長柔(rou)毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)果期6-9月。
金露梅生(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)強健,耐(nai)寒,喜濕潤,但(dan)怕積水,耐(nai)干旱,喜光,在(zai)遮陰處多生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)不(bu)良,對(dui)土壤(rang)要求不(bu)嚴(yan),在(zai)沙(sha)壤(rang)土、素沙(sha)土中都能正常生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),喜肥而較耐(nai)瘠薄。
分布于中國(guo)黑龍江(jiang)、吉林、遼寧、內蒙(meng)古、河北(bei)、山西、陜西、甘肅、新疆、四川、云南(nan)、西藏。生山坡草地、礫石坡、灌叢及林緣,海拔1000-4000米。
種(zhong)子催芽用始溫(wen)(wen)50℃清水浸種(zhong),用水量為種(zhong)子體積的(de)3倍,自然冷卻到(dao)室溫(wen)(wen),浸種(zhong)24小時。撈取種(zhong)子轉至恒溫(wen)(wen)培養箱,恒溫(wen)(wen)25℃催芽至20%-80%以上種(zhong)子露白。
采用落水條播(bo)(bo)的播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期為4月中旬。在播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝內(nei)灌足底水,待水下(xia)滲后,下(xia)墊1-2厘米(mi)培養(yang)土。將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子與濕沙(sha)按1:2混合,播(bo)(bo)于(yu)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溝內(nei),覆蓋培養(yang)土,厚度約(yue)0.2厘米(mi)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)床(chuang)面覆蓋農用地膜,以利于(yu)保濕恒溫(wen)。
幼(you)苗期主要防(fang)(fang)治立枯病,在種子發芽出(chu)土后(hou),噴(pen)灑(sa)50%的多菌(jun)靈可濕性粉劑500~1000倍液(ye)(ye),每10天噴(pen)灑(sa)1次(ci),連續(xu)噴(pen)灑(sa)3次(ci)。速生期后(hou),用(yong)(yong)50%的辛(xin)硫磷乳油800倍液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)施(shi)苗木,以防(fang)(fang)治食葉害(hai)蟲危(wei)害(hai)。用(yong)(yong)50%辛(xin)硫磷乳油2000倍液(ye)(ye)灌根,以防(fang)(fang)治地下害(hai)蟲危(wei)害(hai),每隔7天進(jin)行(xing)1次(ci)。
該種(zhong)枝葉(xie)(xie)茂密(mi),黃花鮮(xian)艷,適宜(yi)作(zuo)庭園觀(guan)賞(shang)灌木,或(huo)作(zuo)矮籬也(ye)很美觀(guan)。葉(xie)(xie)與果含鞣(rou)質,可提制栲膠。嫩(nen)葉(xie)(xie)可代茶葉(xie)(xie)飲用(yong)。花、葉(xie)(xie)入藥,有健(jian)脾,化濕、清暑、調經之效。在內(nei)蒙古山區為中等飼用(yong)植物,駱駝最愛吃。藏民廣泛用(yong)作(zuo)建筑材料,填充在屋檐下(xia)或(huo)門窗上下(xia)。