灌木,高0.5-2米,多分枝(zhi),樹皮(pi)縱(zong)向剝(bo)落(luo)。小枝(zhi)紅(hong)褐色,幼時(shi)被長柔(rou)毛。
羽(yu)狀復葉(xie),有小(xiao)葉(xie)2對,稀3小(xiao)葉(xie),上面(mian)一對小(xiao)葉(xie)基(ji)部下延與(yu)葉(xie)軸匯合(he);葉(xie)柄被(bei)(bei)絹(juan)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)疏(shu)柔毛(mao);小(xiao)葉(xie)片長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)、倒卵長(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)卵狀披針形(xing),長(chang)0.7-2厘米(mi),寬(kuan)0.4-1厘米(mi),全緣,邊緣平坦(tan),頂端急尖或(huo)(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)鈍,基(ji)部楔形(xing),兩面(mian)綠色,疏(shu)被(bei)(bei)絹(juan)毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)柔毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)脫(tuo)落近于幾毛(mao);托葉(xie)薄膜質,寬(kuan)大,外面(mian)被(bei)(bei)長(chang)柔毛(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)脫(tuo)落。
單花(hua)(hua)或(huo)數朵(duo)生于枝(zhi)頂(ding),花(hua)(hua)梗密被(bei)長(chang)柔毛或(huo)絹毛;花(hua)(hua)直(zhi)徑2.2-3厘米(mi);萼片卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端急(ji)尖(jian)(jian)至短漸尖(jian)(jian),副萼片披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒(dao)卵狀披針形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端漸尖(jian)(jian)至急(ji)尖(jian)(jian),與萼片近等長(chang),外(wai)面疏被(bei)絹毛;花(hua)(hua)瓣黃色(se),寬倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端圓鈍,比萼片長(chang);花(hua)(hua)柱近基(ji)生,棒形(xing)(xing)(xing),基(ji)部(bu)稍(shao)細,頂(ding)部(bu)縊縮,柱頭(tou)擴大。瘦果近卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),褐(he)棕(zong)色(se),長(chang)1.5毫米(mi),外(wai)被(bei)長(chang)柔毛。花(hua)(hua)果期6-9月(yue)。
金露(lu)梅生性強健,耐寒,喜濕潤,但怕積水(shui),耐干旱(han),喜光,在遮陰處(chu)多(duo)生長不良(liang),對(dui)土壤要(yao)求(qiu)不嚴(yan),在沙(sha)壤土、素沙(sha)土中都(dou)能正(zheng)常生長,喜肥而較耐瘠(ji)薄。
分布于中國黑龍(long)江、吉林、遼寧、內(nei)蒙古(gu)、河北、山(shan)西、陜西、甘(gan)肅、新疆、四川(chuan)、云南、西藏。生山(shan)坡草地、礫石坡、灌(guan)叢及林緣(yuan),海拔1000-4000米。
種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)催芽用(yong)始溫(wen)50℃清水浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),用(yong)水量為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)體積的(de)3倍,自然冷卻(que)到(dao)室溫(wen),浸(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)24小時。撈取(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)轉至恒溫(wen)培養箱,恒溫(wen)25℃催芽至20%-80%以上(shang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)露白。
采(cai)用落水條播(bo)(bo)的播(bo)(bo)種方法,播(bo)(bo)種期為(wei)4月中旬(xun)。在播(bo)(bo)種溝內灌足底水,待(dai)水下(xia)(xia)滲(shen)后(hou),下(xia)(xia)墊1-2厘(li)米培養(yang)(yang)土。將種子與濕沙按1:2混合,播(bo)(bo)于(yu)播(bo)(bo)種溝內,覆蓋培養(yang)(yang)土,厚度約0.2厘(li)米。播(bo)(bo)種床面覆蓋農(nong)用地膜(mo),以利于(yu)保濕恒溫。
幼(you)苗期(qi)主要(yao)防(fang)(fang)治立枯病,在種子發芽出土后,噴(pen)(pen)灑50%的多菌靈可濕性粉劑(ji)500~1000倍液,每10天噴(pen)(pen)灑1次,連續噴(pen)(pen)灑3次。速生(sheng)期(qi)后,用50%的辛硫磷(lin)乳(ru)油800倍液噴(pen)(pen)施苗木,以防(fang)(fang)治食葉害蟲(chong)危(wei)害。用50%辛硫磷(lin)乳(ru)油2000倍液灌(guan)根,以防(fang)(fang)治地下(xia)害蟲(chong)危(wei)害,每隔7天進行1次。
該種枝葉茂密(mi),黃花鮮艷,適宜作庭園(yuan)觀賞(shang)灌木,或(huo)作矮籬也很美觀。葉與果含(han)鞣質,可提制栲膠。嫩葉可代茶葉飲用。花、葉入藥,有健脾,化濕、清暑、調經(jing)之效。在(zai)(zai)內蒙古(gu)山區為中等飼用植物,駱駝最愛(ai)吃。藏民廣泛用作建筑材料,填充在(zai)(zai)屋檐下(xia)或(huo)門窗(chuang)上下(xia)。