灌木(mu),高達(da)(da)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。枝(zhi)直立(li),粗壯,灰(hui)(hui)褐色(se)(se),具皮孔(kong),小枝(zhi)淡(dan)灰(hui)(hui)棕色(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)被(bei)微柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),具皮孔(kong)。葉(xie)片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),橢(tuo)圓狀卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)倒(dao)卵(luan)狀長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4-11(-15)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)1.5-6(-11)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)銳(rui)尖或(huo)短(duan)漸尖,基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)近圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上面(mian)深綠色(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),下面(mian)粉綠色(se)(se),貼生疏柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)僅沿(yan)葉(xie)脈被(bei)須狀柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),稀(xi)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)0.8-2.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)略(lve)被(bei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。圓錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)序直立(li),由頂芽抽(chou)生,長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)5-13(-17)厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)3-10厘(li);米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)與花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),或(huo)被(bei)微柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)、短(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)具皮孔(kong);花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)0.5-1.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)芳香(xiang);花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)長(chang)(chang)2-4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),萼(e)齒銳(rui)尖或(huo)鈍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)淡(dan)紫紅色(se)(se)、粉紅色(se)(se)至(zhi)白色(se)(se),花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管細弱,稀(xi)較粗達(da)(da)3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),近圓柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)0.7-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片成熟時(shi)呈直角(jiao)向外展(zhan)開,卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓狀橢(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)內彎呈兜(dou)狀而具喙,喙凸(tu)出;花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),位于花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管喉部或(huo)稍凸(tu)出。果長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)凸(tu)尖,皮孔(kong)不明顯。
產于(yu)河(he)北(bei)、山西。生(sheng)山坡灌叢或(huo)溝邊、河(he)旁,海(hai)拔(ba)1 200-2 200米。
生(sheng)山(shan)坡叢林、山(shan)溝溪(xi)邊、山(shan)谷路旁、灘地(di)水(shui)邊,山(shan)谷灌叢中或(huo)河邊溝旁,海拔900-2100米(mi)。庭園普遍栽(zai)培(pei)。喜光,喜溫暖、濕潤(run)及陽(yang)光充足。稍耐陰(yin)(yin)(yin),陰(yin)(yin)(yin)處或(huo)半陰(yin)(yin)(yin)處生(sheng)長衰弱,開(kai)花稀少。具有一定耐寒(han)性和較(jiao)強的耐旱力(li)。對土(tu)壤(rang)的要求(qiu)不嚴,耐瘠(ji)薄(bo),喜肥(fei)沃(wo)(wo)、排水(shui)良好(hao)的土(tu)壤(rang),忌在低洼地(di)種植,積水(shui)會引起(qi)病(bing)害,直至全株(zhu)死亡。落葉(xie)后萌動(dong)前裸根(gen)移植,選(xuan)土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)沃(wo)(wo)、排水(shui)良好(hao)的向陽(yang)處種植。
播種、扦(qian)插、嫁接、分株、壓條繁殖(zhi)。播種苗不易保持原有性(xing)狀,但常有新的花色出現(xian);種子(zi)須經(jing)層積,翌(yi)春(chun)播種。夏季用嫩(nen)枝扦(qian)插,成活率很高(gao)。
紅丁香(xiang)(xiang)生長強(qiang)健(jian)(jian),枝干茂密(mi),頂生大(da)型圓錐花(hua)序燦(can)爛無比(bi),花(hua)色美(mei)麗芳香(xiang)(xiang),抗病蟲害能(neng)(neng)力極強(qiang),對大(da)氣(qi)(qi)污染、粉塵及氟化氫、二氧化硫等(deng)(deng)(deng)有(you)毒氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)有(you)較強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸附能(neng)(neng)力。故可作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)西(xi)北城市城鎮(zhen)行道樹(shu)、綠化、美(mei)化樹(shu)種(zhong),庭(ting)院種(zhong)植(zhi)或叢(cong)植(zhi)于草坪中(zhong)(zhong)效(xiao)果更佳。丁香(xiang)(xiang)花(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)可提取(qu)丁香(xiang)(xiang)酚(fen),可消炎治病,主(zhu)(zhu)治牙科疾(ji)病,防腐止(zhi)痛(tong)。且豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)丁香(xiang)(xiang)酚(fen)對人的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)腦皮層中(zhong)(zhong)樞(shu)神經有(you)興(xing)奮作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),有(you)利于調節情緒,提神養性,促進健(jian)(jian)康,為(wei)優良的(de)(de)(de)(de)保健(jian)(jian)原(yuan)材料。且丁香(xiang)(xiang)酚(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)所含(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化學物質,其(qi)殺(sha)菌(jun)(jun)能(neng)(neng)力比(bi)石灰酸高(gao)5倍(bei)以上,對肺炎雙(shuang)球菌(jun)(jun)、流感細菌(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)也有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。同時(shi),丁香(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)根、莖人藥,在(zai)藏醫中(zhong)(zhong)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)“沉香(xiang)(xiang)”,可清心解熱,治療頭痛(tong)、健(jian)(jian)忘和失眠等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥,也可鎮(zhen)咳化痰,順氣(qi)(qi)平(ping)喘,主(zhu)(zhu)治慢性支氣(qi)(qi)管炎。