灌木,高達(da)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。枝(zhi)(zhi)直(zhi)立,粗壯(zhuang),灰褐色,具(ju)皮(pi)孔(kong),小枝(zhi)(zhi)淡灰棕色,無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),具(ju)皮(pi)孔(kong)。葉(xie)片卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)、寬(kuan)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)倒卵狀長(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)4-11(-15)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1.5-6(-11)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)銳尖或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)短(duan)漸尖,基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)寬(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)近圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上面深綠色,無毛(mao)(mao)(mao),下面粉(fen)綠色,貼生疏柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)僅沿(yan)葉(xie)脈被(bei)須狀柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),稀(xi)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄長(chang)0.8-2.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)略被(bei)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)序(xu)直(zhi)立,由頂芽抽(chou)生,長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)塔(ta)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)5-13(-17)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)3-10厘(li)(li)(li)(li);米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸(zhou)(zhou)與花(hua)(hua)梗、花(hua)(hua)萼無毛(mao)(mao)(mao),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)微柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)、短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)柔(rou)(rou)(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸(zhou)(zhou)具(ju)皮(pi)孔(kong);花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)0.5-1.5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)芳香;花(hua)(hua)萼長(chang)2-4毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),萼齒銳尖或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)鈍;花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)淡紫(zi)紅(hong)色、粉(fen)紅(hong)色至(zhi)(zhi)白色,花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管細弱,稀(xi)較粗達(da)3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),近圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)0.7-1.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),裂片成熟時(shi)呈(cheng)(cheng)直(zhi)角向外展開,卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)3-5毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)內彎呈(cheng)(cheng)兜狀而具(ju)喙,喙凸(tu)(tu)出(chu);花(hua)(hua)藥黃色,長(chang)約3毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),位于花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管喉部或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)稍凸(tu)(tu)出(chu)。果長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)1-1.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)約6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端(duan)凸(tu)(tu)尖,皮(pi)孔(kong)不明顯。
產于河(he)北、山西(xi)。生(sheng)山坡(po)灌叢或(huo)溝(gou)邊、河(he)旁(pang),海拔1 200-2 200米。
生(sheng)山(shan)坡(po)叢林、山(shan)溝溪邊(bian)、山(shan)谷路旁(pang)(pang)、灘地水(shui)邊(bian),山(shan)谷灌叢中或(huo)河邊(bian)溝旁(pang)(pang),海拔900-2100米(mi)。庭園普遍栽培。喜光,喜溫暖、濕潤及陽光充足。稍耐陰,陰處或(huo)半陰處生(sheng)長衰弱,開花(hua)稀少。具有一定耐寒性和較強的(de)耐旱(han)力。對土壤的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)嚴,耐瘠薄,喜肥沃、排水(shui)良好(hao)的(de)土壤,忌在低(di)洼地種(zhong)植,積水(shui)會引起病害,直(zhi)至全(quan)株(zhu)死亡。落葉后(hou)萌動前(qian)裸根移植,選土壤肥沃、排水(shui)良好(hao)的(de)向(xiang)陽處種(zhong)植。
播(bo)種(zhong)、扦(qian)插、嫁(jia)接、分株、壓條(tiao)繁殖。播(bo)種(zhong)苗不易保(bao)持(chi)原有(you)性狀,但常有(you)新的花色出現;種(zhong)子(zi)須經(jing)層積,翌(yi)春播(bo)種(zhong)。夏季用(yong)嫩枝扦(qian)插,成活(huo)率很高。
紅丁香(xiang)生長強健,枝干茂密,頂生大(da)型圓錐花(hua)序燦(can)爛無比,花(hua)色美麗芳香(xiang),抗病(bing)(bing)蟲害能(neng)(neng)力極強,對大(da)氣(qi)污(wu)染、粉塵(chen)及氟化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)氫(qing)、二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)硫等有(you)毒氣(qi)體有(you)較強的(de)吸附(fu)能(neng)(neng)力。故可作為(wei)西北城(cheng)市城(cheng)鎮(zhen)行道(dao)樹、綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、美化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)樹種,庭院種植(zhi)或叢植(zhi)于草坪(ping)中(zhong)效果更佳。丁香(xiang)花(hua)中(zhong)可提取丁香(xiang)酚(fen),可消炎治(zhi)病(bing)(bing),主治(zhi)牙科疾病(bing)(bing),防腐止痛。且(qie)豐富(fu)的(de)丁香(xiang)酚(fen)對人(ren)的(de)大(da)腦(nao)皮(pi)層中(zhong)樞神(shen)經有(you)興奮作用,有(you)利于調節情緒,提神(shen)養性,促進健康(kang),為(wei)優良的(de)保健原(yuan)材料。且(qie)丁香(xiang)酚(fen)中(zhong)所含的(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學物(wu)質,其殺菌能(neng)(neng)力比石灰(hui)酸高5倍(bei)以上,對肺(fei)炎雙球菌、流感細菌等也有(you)一定的(de)抑制作用。同時,丁香(xiang)的(de)根、莖人(ren)藥,在(zai)藏(zang)醫中(zhong)稱(cheng)之為(wei)“沉香(xiang)”,可清(qing)心解熱(re),治(zhi)療頭(tou)痛、健忘和(he)失眠(mian)等癥,也可鎮(zhen)咳(ke)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)痰,順氣(qi)平喘(chuan),主治(zhi)慢性支氣(qi)管炎。