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形態特征

灌木，高達(da)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。枝(zhi)直(zhi)(zhi)立，粗壯，灰(hui)褐色(se)，具皮(pi)孔(kong)，小枝(zhi)淡(dan)灰(hui)棕(zong)色(se)，無毛或(huo)(huo)被微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛，具皮(pi)孔(kong)。葉(xie)片卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，橢(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、寬(kuan)橢(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)倒(dao)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)4-11（-15）厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)1.5-6（-11）厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，先端銳尖(jian)或(huo)(huo)短漸尖(jian)，基部楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)寬(kuan)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)(zhi)近(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，上(shang)面深綠(lv)色(se)，無毛，下面粉綠(lv)色(se)，貼生疏柔(rou)(rou)毛或(huo)(huo)僅沿(yan)葉(xie)脈被須狀(zhuang)(zhuang)柔(rou)(rou)毛或(huo)(huo)柔(rou)(rou)毛，稀無毛；葉(xie)柄長(chang)0.8-2.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，無毛或(huo)(huo)略被柔(rou)(rou)毛。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)直(zhi)(zhi)立，由(you)頂芽抽生，長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)5-13（-17）厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)3-10厘(li)(li)；米(mi)(mi)(mi)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸與花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)無毛，或(huo)(huo)被微(wei)柔(rou)(rou)毛、短柔(rou)(rou)毛或(huo)(huo)柔(rou)(rou)毛；花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)軸具皮(pi)孔(kong)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)0.5-1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)芳(fang)香；花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)長(chang)2-4毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，萼(e)齒銳尖(jian)或(huo)(huo)鈍；花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)淡(dan)紫紅(hong)色(se)、粉紅(hong)色(se)至(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)色(se)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管細弱，稀較粗達(da)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，近(jin)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)0.7-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，裂(lie)片成(cheng)熟時呈直(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)向外展開(kai)，卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)3-5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，先端內(nei)彎(wan)呈兜狀(zhuang)(zhuang)而具喙，喙凸(tu)出；花(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃色(se)，長(chang)約(yue)3毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，位于(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)管喉部或(huo)(huo)稍凸(tu)出。果長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，長(chang)1-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)約(yue)6毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，先端凸(tu)尖(jian)，皮(pi)孔(kong)不明顯(xian)。

分布范圍

產(chan)于河(he)北、山西。生山坡灌叢或溝邊、河(he)旁，海拔1 200-2 200米。

生長環境

生山坡叢(cong)林、山溝溪邊、山谷路旁、灘地水邊，山谷灌叢(cong)中或(huo)河(he)邊溝旁，海拔900-2100米。庭園普(pu)遍栽培。喜(xi)光，喜(xi)溫暖、濕潤及陽光充(chong)足。稍(shao)耐(nai)陰(yin)，陰(yin)處(chu)(chu)或(huo)半陰(yin)處(chu)(chu)生長衰弱(ruo)，開花稀少。具有(you)一定耐(nai)寒性和較強的(de)耐(nai)旱力。對土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)要求不嚴，耐(nai)瘠薄，喜(xi)肥沃、排水良好的(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)，忌在低洼(wa)地種植，積(ji)水會引起(qi)病害，直至(zhi)全株死亡。落葉(xie)后(hou)萌動前裸根移植，選土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃、排水良好的(de)向陽處(chu)(chu)種植。

生長繁殖

播種(zhong)(zhong)、扦(qian)插、嫁接、分(fen)株、壓條繁殖。播種(zhong)(zhong)苗不易保持原有性狀，但常有新的花色出(chu)現；種(zhong)(zhong)子須經(jing)層積，翌(yi)春播種(zhong)(zhong)。夏季(ji)用嫩枝扦(qian)插，成活率很(hen)高。

主要價值

紅丁(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)(sheng)長強健(jian)，枝干茂密，頂生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)型圓錐花(hua)序燦爛無比，花(hua)色美(mei)麗芳香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，抗病(bing)蟲害能力極(ji)強，對大(da)氣(qi)(qi)污染、粉塵及氟化(hua)(hua)氫、二氧化(hua)(hua)硫(liu)等有(you)(you)毒(du)氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)有(you)(you)較強的(de)(de)吸(xi)附能力。故可作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)西北城(cheng)市城(cheng)鎮行(xing)道樹(shu)、綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)、美(mei)化(hua)(hua)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)，庭院(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)植或叢植于草(cao)坪中(zhong)效果更(geng)佳。丁(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)花(hua)中(zhong)可提(ti)(ti)取(qu)丁(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)酚，可消炎(yan)治(zhi)病(bing)，主(zhu)治(zhi)牙(ya)科疾病(bing)，防(fang)腐止痛。且豐富的(de)(de)丁(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)酚對人的(de)(de)大(da)腦皮層中(zhong)樞神經有(you)(you)興奮(fen)作(zuo)用，有(you)(you)利于調節情(qing)緒(xu)，提(ti)(ti)神養性，促(cu)進健(jian)康(kang)，為(wei)(wei)優良的(de)(de)保健(jian)原材料(liao)。且丁(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)酚中(zhong)所含(han)的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學物質(zhi)，其殺菌能力比石灰酸高5倍以(yi)上，對肺(fei)炎(yan)雙(shuang)球菌、流感(gan)細菌等也有(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)抑制作(zuo)用。同時，丁(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)根、莖人藥，在藏醫中(zhong)稱之為(wei)(wei)“沉(chen)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”，可清(qing)心(xin)解(jie)熱，治(zhi)療頭痛、健(jian)忘和失眠等癥，也可鎮咳化(hua)(hua)痰，順氣(qi)(qi)平喘，主(zhu)治(zhi)慢(man)性支氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)炎(yan)。