本變型的花粉(fen)紫(zi)色,花瓣(ban)內面(mian)基部洋紅色,重瓣(ban)。
木(mu)槿(原變(bian)種):落葉(xie)灌木(mu),高(gao)3-4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),小枝密(mi)被黃色(se)星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)菱形(xing)(xing)至(zhi)三(san)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3-10厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2-4厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),具(ju)深(shen)淺不(bu)同的3裂(lie)或(huo)不(bu)裂(lie),先端鈍,基(ji)部楔(xie)形(xing)(xing),邊緣具(ju)不(bu)整齊齒缺,下面(mian)沿(yan)葉(xie)脈微被毛(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)近(jin)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)5-25毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上面(mian)被星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao);托葉(xie)線形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏(shu)被柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)單生于枝端葉(xie)腋間,花(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)4-14毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)短絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);小苞片6-8,線形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)6-15毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1-2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)疏(shu)絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)萼鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)14-20毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)短絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao),裂(lie)片5,三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing);花(hua)鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing),淡紫色(se),直徑(jing)5-6厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)瓣(ban)倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)3.5-4.5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外面(mian)疏(shu)被纖毛(mao)(mao)(mao)和星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao);雄蕊柱(zhu)長(chang)(chang)約3厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)柱(zhu)枝無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。蒴果卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)約12毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被黃色(se)星狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)絨(rong)毛(mao)(mao)(mao);種子腎形(xing)(xing),背(bei)部被黃白色(se)長(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)期(qi)7-10月。
粉紫重(zhong)瓣木槿適(shi)(shi)應性強(qiang),南北各地(di)都(dou)有栽培。喜陽光也能(neng)耐半(ban)陰(yin)。耐寒,在華北和西北大部分地(di)區(qu)都(dou)能(neng)露地(di)越(yue)冬,對土壤要(yao)求不嚴,較耐瘠薄,能(neng)在粘重(zhong)或堿性土壤中生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang),惟(wei)忌干(gan)旱(han),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)需(xu)適(shi)(shi)時適(shi)(shi)量澆水(shui),經常(chang)保持土壤濕潤(run)。管(guan)理(li)比較粗放(fang),耐修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian),是(shi)(shi)抗(kang)煙塵,抗(kang)氟(fu)化氫(qing)等有害(hai)氣體的極好植(zhi)物,也是(shi)(shi)美化、綠化、凈化空(kong)氣的好樹種。在天旱(han)時適(shi)(shi)當(dang)澆水(shui),生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺(wang)季稍施稀薄液(ye)肥即(ji)可,每年只稍作(zuo)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian),使(shi)之通(tong)風透光就行(xing)。 生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)保持土壤濕潤(run)。春季萌芽前施肥1次(ci),6~10月(yue)開花期(qi),施磷肥2次(ci)。通(tong)過修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)來控制(zhi)株形和樹姿(zi),最好冬季剪(jian)枝到2尺高,3月(yue)份再剪(jian)枝一次(ci),但不要(yao)剪(jian)枝太多。移植(zhi)宜在落葉后進行(xing)。
產山東省。
生(sheng)(sheng)長期間病(bing)蟲害較少,病(bing)害主要(yao)有炭疽病(bing)、葉枯病(bing)、白粉病(bing)等;蟲害主要(yao)有紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲、蓑蛾、夜(ye)蛾、天牛等。病(bing)蟲害發生(sheng)(sheng)時,可剪除病(bing)蟲枝,選用安全(quan)、高(gao)效低毒農(nong)藥(yao)噴霧防(fang)治或(huo)誘殺。應注意(yi)早(zao)期防(fang)治,避免在開花(hua)采收期施藥(yao),保證采收的木槿花(hua)不受農(nong)藥(yao)污染。
常(chang)見葉斑病和(he)銹病危害,用65%代森鋅可(ke)濕性粉(fen)劑600倍液噴(pen)灑。蟲害還有(you)粉(fen)虱和(he)金龜子,以蚜蟲為主(zhu),也(ye)有(you)尺蠖(huo)和(he)卷葉蛾,可(ke)用40%氧化樂果乳油1000倍液噴(pen)殺。對環境安全的除蟲法是用稀釋后的洗滌(di)劑。