本變型的(de)花粉紫色,花瓣(ban)內(nei)面基部洋紅色,重瓣(ban)。
木槿(原變種):落(luo)葉灌木,高3-4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),小(xiao)枝(zhi)密(mi)被(bei)黃(huang)色(se)星(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。葉菱(ling)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至(zhi)三(san)角(jiao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)3-10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)2-4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),具深淺不(bu)同的3裂(lie)或不(bu)裂(lie),先(xian)端鈍,基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣(yuan)具不(bu)整(zheng)齊齒缺,下面沿葉脈微被(bei)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或近(jin)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);葉柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)5-25毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上面被(bei)星(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);托葉線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約6毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏被(bei)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)單(dan)生于枝(zhi)端葉腋間,花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-14毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)星(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)短絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);小(xiao)苞片(pian)6-8,線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)6-15毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)1-2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)星(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)疏絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)萼鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)14-20毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)星(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)短絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),裂(lie)片(pian)5,三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);花(hua)(hua)鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),淡紫色(se),直(zhi)徑5-6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)瓣倒卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-4.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)面疏被(bei)纖毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)和星(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);雄蕊(rui)柱長(chang)(chang)(chang)約3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)柱枝(zhi)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。蒴果卵(luan)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)徑約12毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)被(bei)黃(huang)色(se)星(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)絨毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);種子腎形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),背部被(bei)黃(huang)白色(se)長(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)期7-10月。
粉紫重瓣(ban)木槿適(shi)(shi)應性(xing)強(qiang),南(nan)北各(ge)地(di)都有栽培(pei)。喜陽光(guang)也能(neng)(neng)耐半陰。耐寒,在(zai)華北和西北大部分地(di)區都能(neng)(neng)露(lu)地(di)越冬,對土(tu)壤要求不嚴,較(jiao)耐瘠薄,能(neng)(neng)在(zai)粘重或(huo)堿性(xing)土(tu)壤中生長(chang),惟(wei)忌干旱,生長(chang)期(qi)需(xu)適(shi)(shi)時適(shi)(shi)量澆水(shui),經(jing)常保(bao)持土(tu)壤濕潤。管理比較(jiao)粗放(fang),耐修剪(jian),是抗煙塵,抗氟化(hua)(hua)(hua)氫(qing)等有害(hai)氣體的極好植(zhi)物,也是美化(hua)(hua)(hua)、綠化(hua)(hua)(hua)、凈化(hua)(hua)(hua)空(kong)氣的好樹種。在(zai)天旱時適(shi)(shi)當澆水(shui),生長(chang)旺季稍(shao)施稀薄液肥(fei)即可(ke),每年只稍(shao)作修剪(jian),使之(zhi)通風透光(guang)就行(xing)(xing)。 生長(chang)期(qi)保(bao)持土(tu)壤濕潤。春季萌芽前施肥(fei)1次(ci),6~10月開(kai)花期(qi),施磷肥(fei)2次(ci)。通過修剪(jian)來控制株形和樹姿(zi),最(zui)好冬季剪(jian)枝(zhi)到(dao)2尺(chi)高,3月份(fen)再剪(jian)枝(zhi)一次(ci),但不要剪(jian)枝(zhi)太多。移植(zhi)宜在(zai)落葉后進行(xing)(xing)。
產山東省。
生長(chang)期間(jian)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害較少,病(bing)(bing)害主要有炭疽病(bing)(bing)、葉枯病(bing)(bing)、白粉(fen)病(bing)(bing)等;蟲(chong)害主要有紅蜘蛛、蚜蟲(chong)、蓑蛾、夜蛾、天牛等。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害發生時,可剪除病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)枝,選(xuan)用安(an)全、高(gao)效低毒農藥噴霧防治(zhi)或誘殺。應(ying)注意早期防治(zhi),避免在開花(hua)采(cai)收期施藥,保證采(cai)收的木槿花(hua)不受農藥污(wu)染。
常見(jian)葉斑病(bing)和銹病(bing)危(wei)害(hai),用65%代森(sen)鋅可濕性粉劑600倍液(ye)噴灑。蟲害(hai)還有粉虱(shi)和金龜子,以蚜蟲為主,也有尺蠖和卷葉蛾,可用40%氧化樂果乳油1000倍液(ye)噴殺。對環境安(an)全的(de)除蟲法是用稀釋后的(de)洗滌劑。