本變(bian)型(xing)的(de)花粉(fen)紫色,花瓣內面基部洋紅色,重瓣。
木(mu)槿(原變種):落葉(xie)灌木(mu),高3-4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),小枝密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)黃色(se)星(xing)狀(zhuang)絨毛(mao)。葉(xie)菱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至三角(jiao)狀(zhuang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長3-10厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2-4厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),具深(shen)淺不同(tong)的3裂或不裂,先端鈍,基(ji)部(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具不整齊齒缺,下面(mian)沿(yan)葉(xie)脈(mo)微被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)或近無毛(mao);葉(xie)柄長5-25毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上面(mian)被(bei)(bei)星(xing)狀(zhuang)柔毛(mao);托葉(xie)線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長約(yue)6毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),疏被(bei)(bei)柔毛(mao)。花(hua)單生于(yu)枝端葉(xie)腋間,花(hua)梗長4-14毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)星(xing)狀(zhuang)短絨毛(mao);小苞片6-8,線形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長6-15毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1-2毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)星(xing)狀(zhuang)疏絨毛(mao);花(hua)萼(e)鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長14-20毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)星(xing)狀(zhuang)短絨毛(mao),裂片5,三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);花(hua)鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),淡(dan)紫色(se),直徑5-6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),花(hua)瓣倒(dao)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長3.5-4.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),外面(mian)疏被(bei)(bei)纖毛(mao)和(he)星(xing)狀(zhuang)長柔毛(mao);雄蕊柱長約(yue)3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);花(hua)柱枝無毛(mao)。蒴果卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑約(yue)12毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)黃色(se)星(xing)狀(zhuang)絨毛(mao);種子腎形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),背部(bu)被(bei)(bei)黃白(bai)色(se)長柔毛(mao)。花(hua)期7-10月。
粉紫重瓣木槿適應性強,南北(bei)各地都(dou)有(you)栽(zai)培(pei)。喜陽光(guang)也(ye)能耐半陰。耐寒(han),在華北(bei)和西北(bei)大部(bu)分地區都(dou)能露地越冬,對(dui)土壤要求不嚴,較(jiao)耐瘠薄,能在粘重或堿性土壤中生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,惟忌(ji)干旱,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)需適時(shi)適量澆(jiao)水(shui),經常保持(chi)土壤濕潤。管(guan)理比較(jiao)粗(cu)放(fang),耐修(xiu)剪(jian),是抗(kang)煙塵,抗(kang)氟(fu)化(hua)(hua)氫等有(you)害氣體的極好植(zhi)物,也(ye)是美(mei)化(hua)(hua)、綠化(hua)(hua)、凈(jing)化(hua)(hua)空氣的好樹種。在天旱時(shi)適當澆(jiao)水(shui),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長旺季稍施稀薄液肥即可(ke),每年只(zhi)稍作(zuo)修(xiu)剪(jian),使(shi)之通風透光(guang)就(jiu)行。 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長期(qi)保持(chi)土壤濕潤。春季萌芽前施肥1次(ci),6~10月(yue)開(kai)花期(qi),施磷肥2次(ci)。通過修(xiu)剪(jian)來控制株形和樹姿,最好冬季剪(jian)枝(zhi)到2尺高(gao),3月(yue)份再(zai)剪(jian)枝(zhi)一次(ci),但不要剪(jian)枝(zhi)太多。移植(zhi)宜在落葉(xie)后進行。
產山東省。
生長期間病蟲(chong)害較(jiao)少,病害主要有炭疽病、葉枯病、白粉病等(deng);蟲(chong)害主要有紅(hong)蜘蛛、蚜蟲(chong)、蓑蛾(e)、夜蛾(e)、天牛(niu)等(deng)。病蟲(chong)害發生時,可剪(jian)除病蟲(chong)枝(zhi),選用安全、高(gao)效低毒農藥(yao)(yao)噴霧防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)誘殺。應注意(yi)早期防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),避(bi)免在開花(hua)采收期施(shi)藥(yao)(yao),保證采收的木(mu)槿(jin)花(hua)不(bu)受農藥(yao)(yao)污(wu)染。
常見葉斑(ban)病和(he)(he)銹病危害,用65%代森鋅(xin)可濕性粉劑600倍液噴灑。蟲(chong)害還有(you)粉虱和(he)(he)金龜子(zi),以蚜(ya)蟲(chong)為主(zhu),也有(you)尺蠖和(he)(he)卷葉蛾,可用40%氧化樂果乳油1000倍液噴殺。對環境(jing)安全(quan)的除蟲(chong)法是用稀釋后的洗滌劑。